Hatchery Techniques Research Articles

TEKNIK PEMBENIHAN ABALONE (HALIOTIS SQUAMATA) DI BALAI PERIKANAN BUDIDAYA LAUT LOMBOK

The aim of this research is to describe the abalone (Haliotis squamata) hatchery technique at the Lombok Marine Aquaculture Center (BPBL). This research is participatory research, researchers took part in all activities at the Lombok Marine Aquaculture Center (BPBL). Data collection methods are by observation and documentation. The data obtained was analyzed using descriptive statistics. The data collected is related to abalone hatching techniques. The results of research regarding abalone hatchery techniques at the Lombok Marine Cultivation Fisheries Center went through several stages, namely container preparation, gonad maturity selection, stimulation, spawning, abalone stocking, feeding, water quality management and harvesting

CARP HATCHERY MANAGEMENT (Cyprinus carpio L.) NATURALLY AT THE PUNTEN AQUACULTURE INSTALLATION (IPB), BATU CITY, EAST JAVA

The large market demand for consumption fish makes some farming communities interested in farming, especially consumption fish farming. Fish hatchery business is the first step to the success of fish farming, because for each growing season the aquaculture business requires a supply of seeds from the hatchery business. Goldfish hatcheries are relatively easy because carp can spawn naturally or artificially. Goldfish have a relatively high fecundity or number of eggs, which ranges from 84,000-110,000 eggs per kilogram of brood. The implementation of carp hatchery techniques includes several processes, namely pond preparation, brood selection, kakaban installation, brood release, spawning, hatching eggs, larval care, checking water quality, seeding, pest and disease control. calculation of fecundity, fertilization rate (FR), hatching rate (HR), and survival rate (SR). The data collection method used in this street vendor is primary data. Primary data include active participation, observation, interviews, and documentation. The carp hatchery technique (Cyprinus carpio L.) at IPB Punten, Batu City is carried out naturally, the carp mother used comes from Punten using a ratio of male to female parents of 1: 3. The feeding method, namely Blind Feeding, obtained an F value of 40,000 eggs, FR 84%, HR 84.5% and SR 90.2%.

Study of Bawal Bintang fish (Trachinotus blochii) hatchery at the Lombok marine aquaculture, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia

Bawal Bintang fish (Tracinotus blochii) has high economic value, to meet both domestic and foreign consumption needs. Bawal Bintang fish cultivation has become a commercial business to be developed because of its relatively fast growth, relatively easy maintainance, and public interest in it. The objective of this study is to find out the hatchery techniques of Bawal Bintang Fish and the obstacles that arise in their hatchery at the Lombok Marine Cultivation Fisheries, West Nusa Tenggara. The method used was descriptive with data collection including primary data and secondary data. Data collection was done by means of active participation, observation, interviews, and literature study. Bawal Bintang fish hatchery technique began with tank preparation, spawning, egg distribution, and maintenance for 20-25 days. Bawal Bintang fish hatchery included feed management, water quality monitoring, and pest and disease control. After rearing the larvae for 20-25 days or reaching seedling size, then harvesting was carried out to transfer them to the nursery tank using the RAS system. The problem that arose in the hatchery of Bawal Bintang fish was the frequent occurrence of Bawal Bintang larvae that fell from a pond.

Vaname Shrimp (Litopenaus Vannamei) Hatchery Technique At CV. Manunggal 23, Serang District, Banten

Improper shrimp hatchery can have an impact on the low level of fry quality so that fry production results also decrease. Therefore, quality vannamei shrimp hatcheries must be handled appropriately in accordance with standard operating procedures that have been implemented so that they are marketable. So it is necessary to study more deeply about the vannamei shrimp hatchery, especially the vannamei shrimp hatchery technique. The purpose of this study is to find out a number of things including: Operational Standards for Vanname Shrimp Hatchery; Gonad maturity performance; and Post-harvest activities of vanname shrimp hatchery. The shrimp hatchery technique uses analysis by calculating the Fertilization Rate (HR) and Hatching Rate (HR). Based on the results of the study it was found that: 1). The technical aspects of the CV Manunggal 23 shrimp hatchery in general are in accordance with the standard procedures referred to. 2). The broodstock productivity performance at CV Manunggal 23 has a good rate with an average HR of 75.83% and FR of 62% within 3 weeks. 3). Water Quality in CV. Manunggal 23 achieved optimal numbers with an average temperature of 27-28°C, pH 8, DO 5.5-5.6 mg/L, and Salinity 32-33 ppt within 3 weeks.

The Tiger Grouper Hatchery Techniques In The Lampung Marine Aquaculture Centre, Indonesia

The tiger grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus) exhibits characteristics ideal for cultivation due to its rapid growth rate and ability to be mass produced to satisfy market demand. The aim of this study is to implement the Tiger Grouper Hatchery Technique and measure the Fecundity, Fertilization Rate (FR), Hatching Rate (HR), and Survival Rate (SR) at the Tiger Grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus) Hatchery located at Balai Besar Lampung Mariculture Fisheries. The chosen survey method allows for the collection of relevant data for the aforementioned parameters. Data can be collected through primary and secondary sources, as well as observation, literature review, and documentation. Hatchery techniques for Epinephelus fuscoguttatus, include the selection of parent fish, brood rearing, spawning, egg handling, larval rearing, harvesting, maintenance and transportation of seeds. The quantity of eggs laid was 3,292,475, with an average fertilization rate of 88.76%, an average hatching rate of 22.57%, and 350,000 larvae stocked, leading to 21,000 individuals or 6% survival ratio, measuring 1-3 cm in size.

Influence of Food Density on Digestive Enzyme Activities in Newly Hatched Larvae of the Spiny Lobster, Panulirus ornatus

There is considerable interest in developing hatchery techniques for the tropical spiny lobster, Panulirus ornatus. Although some progress has been made toward identifying effective foods and feeding protocols for this species, the density at which food is first provided to larvae varies greatly in practice. This study examined relationships between food density and the activities of major digestive enzymes in P. ornatus to evaluate larval feeding protocols from a nutrient utilization perspective. Specifically, activities of α-amylase, nonspecific esterase, and trypsin-like protease were quantified to determine the response of newly hatched larvae of P. ornatus to provision of Artemia nauplii at three different densities. Results showed that food density significantly (P < 0.01) influenced α-amylase and nonspecific esterase activities during the first 24 h of feeding, but had minimal effect (P ≥ 0.09) on trypsin-like protease activities. Based on enzyme activities, there is no advantage to increasing food densities above 2.5 Artemia mL–1, but when food density decreased to 0.5 Artemia mL–1, the availability of dietary nutrients became limiting. An optimal density at which to provide Artemia nauplii to newly hatched larvae of P. ornatus is likely between 0.5 and 2.5 Artemia mL–1. The comparative analyses of enzyme activities presented in this study represents an innovative approach to identify potentially excessive or insufficient food densities quickly (within 24 h) for larval crustaceans.

Histopatology kidney of seed white snipper (lates calcarifer bloch) which experienced a different decrease in salinity

White snapper (Lates calcarifer Bloch) is a consumption fish that has high economic and nutritional value. FAO stated that white snapper was a diversified species in aquaculture in 2018. This is because white snapper has many advantages such as fast growth rate, high fecundity, easy hatchery techniques in controlled containers, and high adaptability to various environmental conditions. The method used in this study was experimental with a completely randomized design (CRD) technique using 3 treatments with each treatment being repeated 3 times. The 3 treatments include; A : Water medium with a salinity content of 5 ppt; B : Water medium with a salinity content of 10 ppt; C : Water media with 15 ppt salinity. In this study, white snapper seeds measuring ±3 cm were given 3 different salinity treatments. The three treatments, salinity 5 ppt, 10 ppt, and 15 ppt caused histopathological abnormalities in the kidneys of snapper fish which were used as research objects. The kidney organ has Melano Macrophages Centers (MMC) and Necrosis (N). Kidneys with MMC are characterized by the presence of inflamed organ parts and a collection of pigmented macrophages. The occurrence of necrosis is characterized by the loss of tissue structure and then the kidney tissue is damaged, as well as the loss of cell boundaries or cell nuclei.

EFFECT OF ROTIFER DENSITY ON SURVIVAL AND DEVELOPMENT OF MUD CRAB SCYLLA SERRATA (FORSKÅL) LARVAE

An experiment of mud crab, Scylla serrata with single factor design was set up at the Marine and Aquaculture Research Unit of James Cook University, Queensland, Australia for 26 days in order to improve the hatchery technique, i.e development and survival of larvae using different rotifer densities. The mud crab larvae were reared at 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, and 60 ml-1 rotifer densities. Survival and development increased with the increase of rotifer density. At higher rotifer density situation, the highest 35-40% survival of Z-I stage was achieved at 40-60 ml l-1. Higher density beyond 40 ml l-1 resulted in higher mortality which needs further investigation. Moreover, rotifer was found as suitable diet for Z-I and Z-II larvae. From Z-III onwards, rotifers were found not suitable for the larval survival and development of mud crab larvae.

Evaluation of hatching rate and survival rate of giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) in Installation of Brackish Water Culture Mayangan, Probolinggo, East Java, Indonesia

Giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) is a fisheries commodity that has a high economical value. The purpose of this study is to determine hatching rate and survival rate of giant freshwater prawn in Installation of Brackish Water Culture Mayangan. This research was carried out at Installation of Brackish Water Culture Mayangan from December 2018 until January 2019. The work method used in this research is descriptive method. The giant freshwater prawn hatchery technique is carried out using a natural spawning system. Newly hatched larvae still have egg yolk as food reserves which will run out in 3 days. After that, the larvae will be fed with natural feed, namely Artemia sp. The results showed that the hatching rate and survival rate of giant freshwater prawn were 54.7% and 40.6%, respectively. Water quality parameters of giant freshwater prawn larvae for pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen were 7-8.7, 27-28°C, and 7-8 mg/l, respectively. Ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate for this study were 0.14-0.32 mg/l, 0.006-0.007 mg/l, and 0.2-0.4 mg/l.

PELATIHAN BUDIDAYA IKAN MAS DALAM KOLAM TERPAL DENGAN SISTEM RESIRKULASI

Carp (Cyprinus carpio) is a freshwater fish that is commonly cultivated because carp are large and tame when cultivated. In addition, carp can be bred and have a beautiful colours, moreover tend to famous among local people as a consumption fish, which is also can be used as ornamental fish. Carp can be cultivated in lowland waters to highland areas. In fish farmingm it is important to pay attention to good and clean water quality. Carp can be kept in earthen ponds, rushwater ponds, cages and also tarpaulin ponds. Carp rearing in tarpaulin ponds is usually carried out on narrow land and limited water ability. In there circumstances, it is necesarry to provide water that can support the life of carp to provide good quality of water is to do water recirculation. Resirculation technique is a water recycling technique that has been used. This technique basically performs physical, chemical and biological methods, but which is more environmentally friendly with physical and biological methods, for that in this activity physical and biological methods will be carried out using water filters from sand and aquatic plants. As a result, participants understand how good and correct cultivation techniques are, obtain information bioecology of carp, hatchery techniques, spawning techniques, resirculation techniques including threaten by various diseases and others causes in cultivation carp business. Furthermore, participants also gain more knowledge about what materials and proper equipment they should using and urgently needed to build a cultivation business on limited land and low water flow

Larval rearing of orange mud crab, Scylla olivacea: improving survival rate and shortening metamorphosis period

Orange mud crab (Scylla olivacea) is an important aquaculture species in Southeast Asian countries, especially in the Southwest costal region of Bangladesh. Due to unavailability of hatchery produced seeds the farming of S. olivacea in exclusively depends on the wild for small juveniles resulting in exploitation of this species in Bangladesh. The development of proper hatchery techniques considering better understandings related to larval development are needed to increase the survival and growth rate of S. olivacea in hatchery conditions. Therefore, this study aimed to optimize the water treatment strategy for the upgrading of water quality, minimizing mortality and shortening the metamorphosis duration during larval rearing of mud crab. Newly hatched larvae were reared in three different rearing conditions where the water was treated with both prebiotic (Super-TCT-Biotic, 5 ppm) and probiotics (Fish probiotic, 0.5 ppm) in treatment-1 (T1) but only prophylaxis (mixure of 0.025 ppm Teflan and 0.3 ppm Furazolidone) in treatment-2 (T2). In treatment-3 (T3), prebiotic (5 ppm) and probiotics (0.5 ppm) were combinedly used during first 10 days and prophylaxis (0.3 ppm) was also used from day 14 to day 25. The stocking density was maintained as 50 zoea.L-1 and rotifer, liquid rotifer, enriched Artemia and liquid Artemia were used as feed for the larval growth. The findings revealed that hydrological parameters viz., temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen and ammonia in all the treatments were similar and found within the acceptable ranges for mud crab larvae rearing. The value of larval stage index (LSI) was found significantly higher (p&lt;0.05) on 21st day of rearing in T3 (6.87±0.06) than T1 (6.74±0.04) and T2 (6.61±0.07). Between, zoea1 and crablet phase, the significantly higher survival rate was observed in T3 (7.00±1.00) than T1 (5.00±0.00) and T2 (4.00±1.00). The result of the present study suggested that combined water treatment with prebiotic, probiotic and prophylaxis can shorten the metamorphosis period and enhance the survival rate of S. olivacea.

Training on Baung Fish (Mytus Nemurus) Hatchery Techniques for Fish Cultivators in Palembang City, South Sumatra Province

Catfish (Mytus nemurus) is a local fish with high commercial value and used as a food raw material for the traditional food in South Sumatra called pindang. The training aimed to enhance the Fish Farmer Group (Pokdakan) skills in Palembang City, which is part of community service at the Muhammadiyah University of Palembang. The method is divided into two, i.e., presented material and demonstrations, followed by a training program on Mytus nemurus breeding. The training was to produce catfish larvae, increase Pokdakan skills to produce catfish fingerling that improves the economic welfare of aquaculture actors, and increase Pokdakan's awareness of sustainable local fish production.

A Review of Hatchery Techniques of Red Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) at UPT of Freshwater Aquaculture Fisheries (PBAT) Pasuruan

Red tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) has its advantages compared to other cultivated fish. Namely, it can proliferate, is easy to breed, and is efficient for feeding. Besides, these fish can also tolerate changes in the aquatic environment. With these advantages, this fish is increasingly popular among cultivators. The need for tilapia fish seeds is increasing every year. The UPT of Freshwater Aquaculture Fisheries (PBAT) of Pasuruan Regency is one of the superior seed supply units for fisheries in East Java. The superior commodity is tilapia fish seeds. The purpose of this research is to know hatchery techniques for Red Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) at UPT PBAT Pasuruan Regency. The research was carried out directly through active participation in all Red Tilapia hatchery activities. The results are: Red tilapia hatchery at UPT PBAT Pasuruan Regency, uses natural spawning techniques with a male to female ratio of 1: 3. The spawning period is 21 days until harvest with two types of broodstocks, namely mature sires (2500-2700gr) and novice sires (300-500gr); The hatchery technique stages are media preparation, parent selection, spawning, larva harvesting, larva treatment, nursery, and seed harvesting; Water quality is still within the quality standard set by PP. 82 of 2001 with details of the average temperature of 29C, DO 7.7 mg / L, pH 8.325, and water depth of 50 cm.

Koi (Cyprinus carpio) Hatchery techniques: its performance in BBI Boyolali

One type of freshwater ornamental fish favored by the Indonesian community is koi (Cyprinus carpio). Therefore, koi hatchery conducted by farmers is increasing each year. This study reported the performance of koi hatchery activity at the Balai Benih Ikan (BBI), Boyolali, Central Java, which is known as one of the koi aquaculture sites in Indonesia. The working method used in this study was a descriptive method. The koi hatchery activities showed a fecundity of 420,000 eggs with a hatching rate of 85.71%. The spawned eggs hatch within 3-5 days after the spawning process. Growth sampling on larvae was carried out 4 times during the hatchery period. The larvae on day 21 have an average length of 2.78 cm while on day 28 had an average length of 3.32 cm while the survival rate reached 75%.

The effect of feed larvae Chironomus sp. and high pellet protein to seedling goldfish (Carassius auratus)

Goldfish production increase in four years, specifically 66,823,000 in 2010 to 72,997,000 in 2014. The increment of goldfish production growth altogether with problems which is a discontinuity of fry stock. The solution for this problem is the purpose of this study, which is understood techniques in Goldfish (Carassius auratus) hatchery. The feed given to goldfish brood is blood worms (Chironomus sp. larvae) and pellets with a ratio of 50:50 as much as 3% of the biomass. Goldfish hatchery techniques involve broodstock cultivation, spawning techniques, larval development observation, and larval cultivation. Two kinds of Goldfish used, namely Oranda and Mutiara Goldfish. The results of Oranda goldfish spawning and Mutiara goldfish spawning consecutively are Fecundity 875 eggs, FR 94%, HR 91.83%, SR 93.04% and Fecundity 3850 eggs, FR 93.66%, HR 92.48%, and SR 91.10%. Larval development observation includes embryogenesis until post-hatched larval. Larval cultivation consists of giving various types of feeds, which are artemia nauplii (for 3-7 days old larval), Moina (for 7-14 days old larval), and blood worm or tubifex (> 14 days old larval). Fertilized goldfish eggs will develop through several phases, including zygotes, initial cleavage, blastula, gastrula, segmentation, pharyngula, egg hatching, and development of larvae after hatching.

Improved Palmaria palmata hatchery methods for tetraspore release, even settlement and high seedling survival using strong water agitation and macerated propagules

Cultivated Palmaria palmata is highly valued as a nutritious source of biomass. Yet, current hatchery techniques using tetraspores show low spore-to-seedling efficiency, normally imposing a high requirement of sori for seeding in large-scale cultivation, and pointing to a need for developing current hatchery techniques. This study shows new hatchery strategies to improve tetraspore release, efficiency of spore use as well as seedling distribution on seeded substrates for P. palmata cultivation, based on germination, maceration and agitation (GMA-method).We showed increased spore yield by using high-agitated sporulation tanks (67,906 ± 11,303 spores g FW−1) compared to calm water (17,889 ± 3652 spores g FW−1). In addition, twine substrates cultured in high water agitation (2.5 L air min−1) resulted in highest settlement and dispersal of spores and seedlings compared to non-agitated cultures. Using alginate coated twine showed no effect after 70 days nursery growth, despite higher initial spore density after a 22 days spore release phase in some treatments.Spore release time did not affect spore yield when comparing 1 and 3 h, whereas the yield increased during long-term sporulation (22 days) in some treatments. Released tetraspores settled in dense aggregates that germinated into a mixture of spores and seedlings (propagules) during 30 days and showed an ability of discoid re-attachment and growth after a maceration pretreatment. Here, the level of water agitation affected the re-attachment success and 39% of the added seedlings reattached after 14 days of nursery. The cultivation strategies presented here provide a way to increase the overall spore-to-seedling survival and might serve as a new seeding strategy for P. palmata. Present findings are important knowledge in the quest of optimizing large-scale hatchery production of P. palmata.

Growth monitoring of koi fish (Cypri nus carpio) in natural hatchery techniques in Umbulan, Pasuruan, East Java

Koi fish (Cyprinus carpio) are one of the most popular ornamental fish commodities in the world. The purpose of this study was to analyze the growth and monitoring of koi fish on natural hatchery techniques. This research was conducted at the Technical Implementation Unit of Freshwater Aquaculture Development in Umbulan, Pasuruan, East Java Province between December 2017 and January 2018. The koi fish breeding technique in Umbulan is done naturally using two females with the same weight of 1.5 kg and three males with a weight of 1.8 kg, 1.5 kg and 1.5 kg respectively. The maintenance of the larvae included feeding, the monitoring of the larvae and the associated water quality measurements. The hatching rate of the koi fish eggs was 80%. The specific growth rate during maintenance was 0.164%, and the growth rate for every week was 1.822 x 10−3 g/day; 1.34 x 10−3 g/day; and 1.75 x 10−3g/day. The feed conversion ratio was 1.38 and the survival rate was 73.8%. The average of the water quality values including temperature was 26.25° C. The pH was 7.53, the dissolved oxygen was 6.26 mg / L, NO3 was 0.75 mg / L, NO2 was 0.01 mg / L, Fe was 0.06 mg / L and PO4 was 0.74 mg / L.

Optimizing Broodstock Conditioning for the Tropical Clam Anomalocardia brasiliana

The tropical clam Anomalocardia brasiliana is a commercially important bivalve living along the south Atlantic coast of Latin America. Harvest of natural stocks is the principal method for supplying market demand—the market average price ranging from 5 to 10 US$ per kilogram of meat. As a first step in the development of hatchery techniques for A. brasiliana seed production, this study examined the effects of temperature and salinity on conditioning broodstock for spawning. Two treatments tested conditioning at 25°C at salinities of either 30 or 35. A third treatment examined the effects of an initial 10-day conditioning at 16°C followed by a gradual temperature increase to 25°C at a salinity of 35. As a control, clams were sampled from the wild over the same experimental period. Tissue samples were taken at the initiation of the experiment and at 15, 30, 45, and 55 days of conditioning and examined histologically to determine changes in the sexual development of the clams. Four reproductive stages were identified during the experimental period: gametogenesis, mature, spawned, and absorption. The treatment with the initial 10-day conditioning period at 16°C demonstrated that it is possible to synchronize gamete development in both males and females to result in the maximum proportion of mature broodstock at 55 days of conditioning.

Reproductive potential of individual male Chinese mitten crabsEriocheir japonica sinensisin a local pond-reared broodstock: Implications for parent crab selection and sex ratio optimization

Culture of the Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir japonica sinensis has become a large industry in China because of improved hatchery techniques in the past two decades. In this study, we investigated the reproductive potential of individual male crabs in a local pond-reared breeding stock [with a 2.5:1 female-biased sex ratio] to assess the current broodstock management. Relative to virgin (unmated) males, vasa deferentia of the removed pond males markedly changed and some even showed extremely sperm-depleted conditions, such as wizened tube and accessory gland mass and no spermatophores and/or a small quantity of seminal fluid in the lumen. According to calculating individual VSIs, these males could be divided into two groups as small (≤139 g/ind., mean VSI = 2.82%) and large males (>139 g/ind., 1.70%). Combined with the baseline value (2.08%), approximately 50% male (more than 90% from large males) could be graded as “depleted.” These findings strongly indicated that the current broodstock management had a risk of sperm limitation. However, given that “depleted” large males had a relatively high seminal replenishing capacity, and posthatch females always retained a certain amount of sperm load, we could further postulate that other ways should be adopted to offset party of individuals excessive consumption of sperm load at a broodstock level. Thus, we might optimize such an artificial breeding stock and adjust a female-biased sex ratio to 4:1–5:1 by selecting a large male broodstock (>150 g/ind.) to reduce the number of male and increase female to change the entire broodstock structure while maintaining its density.

The importance of copepods as live feed on larval development of dusky grouper (Epinephelus marginatus Lowe, 1834)

The importance of copepods as live feed on larval development of dusky grouper (Epinephelus marginatus Lowe, 1834)