Hashimoto's Thyroiditis Research Articles

Evaluation of thyroid hormones in type 1 diabetes mellitus

Background and objective: Increased blood sugar levels (hyperglycemia) and lack of insulin are a hallmark of Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), which is a chronic autoimmune illness results from the destruction of pancreatic beta –cells. The most common causes of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism are autoimmune diseases Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves’ disease, respectively. Because type 1 diabetes includes autoimmunity as a pathophysiological trigger, it is not uncommon to investigate patients with both diabetes and thyroid problems. The aim of the study is to evaluate serum thyroid hormones in patients with type1 diabetes mellitus. Methods: In this study 104 participants were included, 52 patients with type1 diabetes, and 52 healthy individuals. Blood samples were taken, and serum thyroid hormones levels were measured and the results of cases and controls were analyzed and compared using SPSS program. Results: It was found that the levels of T4 among non- diabetic participants were higher than those of diabetic patients. (P <0.001). There is a negative correlation between BMI and fasting blood glucose in T1 diabetic patients according to regression test it has been shown that any increase in the FBG leads to decrease in the BMI. Conclusion: The present study shows that type 1 diabetes mellitus may affect thyroid gland and thyroid hormone levels, that may result in thyroid dysfunction.

Hashimoto's Thyroiditis in Diabetic Patients: A Prospective Study in Nasiriyah City

There is a connection between having Hashimoto's thyroiditis, an autoimmune disease marked by thyroid gland attacks, and an increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus, a metabolic disease marked by elevated blood glucose levels. The purpose of this research was to find out how common type 2 diabetes was in Nasiriyah City, Iraq, among individuals suffering from Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Methods: A study using a retrospective cohort was conducted involving thyroiditis caused by Hashimoto's in 100 patients diagnosed between January 2023 and January 2024 at Al Hussein Teaching Hospital. Patients' medical records were reviewed to extract data on demographics, clinical characteristics, and laboratory results, including HbA1c and fasting blood glucose levels. Confirmation of Based on ELISA data indicating positive anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody levels, Hashimoto's thyroiditis was diagnosed. Results: The prevalence of T2DM among the number of Hashimoto's thyroiditis patients was noticeably greater (45%) compared to the general population prevalence of 15%. the number of Hashimoto's thyroiditis patients was noticeably greater HbA1c and FBG levels compared to those without Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Specifically, an investigation of logistic regression revealed that Hashimoto’s thyroiditis was significantly associated with type 2 diabetes individually when OR = 4. 2, 95% CI 2. 1-8. 5). In conclusion, the result of the present investigation, it is clear that, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis has a positive relationship with T2DM in Nasiriyah city of Iraq. Hence, early identification and intervention of T2DM in patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis should be a routine practice to avoid complications associated with the two diseases.

Iodine status in pregnant women with hashimoto's thyroiditis: is iodine supplementation needed?

Iodine status in pregnant women with hashimoto's thyroiditis: is iodine supplementation needed?

Overview of traditional chinese medicine for hashimoto's thyroiditis: focus on selenium and antioxidant phytochemicals

Overview of traditional chinese medicine for hashimoto's thyroiditis: focus on selenium and antioxidant phytochemicals

Evaluation of Dental Anxiety Levels on Oral and Dental Health Quality of Life in Patients with Hashimoto Thyroiditis

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of anxiety level, dental fear, anxiety on oral health quality of life oral, and dental health in Hashimoto's thyroiditis patients. Materials and Methods: Ninety adult individuals were included from Gaziantep University Faculty of Dentistry. All participants were asked about demographic parameters (age, gender), socio-economic status (education, marital status), and oral hygiene habits. The OHIP-14 and OHRQoL-UK questionnaires were used to asses the effect of individuals' oral health on their quality of life. Dental anxiety levels were evaluation with the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS). Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 22.0. Result: There were no significant differences for Sociodemographic data, dental habits, age, marital status, educational status, smoking, frequency of brushing tooth, frequency of visiting the dental clinic in OHIP-14, OHRQoL, and MDAS survey scores (p > 0.005). However, there was a statistically moderate positive correlation between the total OHIP-14 scores and the MDAS scores (r = 0.309; p < 0.003). Additionally, a moderate negative correlation was showed between the total OHRQoL and the MDAS scale (r = 0.307; p < 0.003). Conclusion: In conclusion, this study showed that patients' quality of life regarding oral and dental health was low, regardless of individual factors. It was found that dental anxiety was lower in patients with HT, and a significant correlation betwen the quality of life and anxiety level was observed.

Total thyroidectomy and quality of life in patients with hashimoto thyroiditis, a scoping review

Total thyroidectomy and quality of life in patients with hashimoto thyroiditis, a scoping review

Thyroid cancer associated with hashimoto thyroidits : pronostic outcomes

Thyroid cancer associated with hashimoto thyroidits : pronostic outcomes

MPN-257 Marginal Zone Lymphoma in the Landscape of Autoimmune Complexity: A Case Report With Sjögren Syndrome and Hashimoto Thyroiditis

MPN-257 Marginal Zone Lymphoma in the Landscape of Autoimmune Complexity: A Case Report With Sjögren Syndrome and Hashimoto Thyroiditis

Patient concurrent hashimoto thyroiditis, hypothyroidism and graves orbitopathy

Patient concurrent hashimoto thyroiditis, hypothyroidism and graves orbitopathy

Primary thyroid lymphoma: A multi-center retrospective review

BackgroundPrimary thyroid lymphoma (PTL) is rare and diagnosis is challenging. MethodsWe conducted a multicenter retrospective study of patients with PTL from 1990 to 2023 to determine method of diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes. ResultsThe study cohort included 31 patients with PTL; all had thyroid enlargement; 21 (68 ​%) had compressive symptoms, 11 (35 ​%) had hypothyroidism and 3 had (10 ​%) B symptoms. Diagnosis was established from incisional biopsy in 8 (26 ​%), needle biopsy in 4 (13 ​%), excisional lymph node biopsy in 1 (3 ​%), and thyroidectomy specimens in 18 (58 ​%). 15 (48 ​%) patients had Hashimoto thyroiditis. Treatment included chemotherapy in 19 (61 ​%); surgery alone in 7 (23 ​%); and radiation alone or with surgery in 5 (16 ​%) patients. One (3 ​%) patient recurred, and 4 (13 ​%) patients died after a median 4.2 years. ConclusionDiagnosis of PTL was made in only 13 ​% of patients preoperatively. There may be opportunity for needle biopsy to facilitate earlier diagnosis and treatment.

Treatment of Lichen Planopilaris and Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia: A Retrospective, Real-Life Analysis in a Tertiary Center in Germany.

Background: Lichen planopilaris (LPP) is an inflammatory cicatricial alopecia characterized by an irreversible destruction of the hair follicle resulting in its permeant destruction. The clinical presentation of LPP is a progressive patchy scarring alopecia. A variety of systemic agents is used to treat LPP with varying success. The aim of this retrospective, real-life analysis was to evaluate the treatment of hydroxychloroquine for LPP. Method: In this retrospective, single-center study, we analyzed 110 patients with LPP and frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA) who received treatment over a 12-month period from March 2014 to March 2021 at the Department of Dermatology, University of Mainz Medical Center. Patient records were analyzed for response to treatment, co-morbidities, disease progression-free survival (DPFS), and safety. Clinical parameters associated with treatment response were determined with Cox regression modelling and logistic regression. Results: Overall, 77 of 110 patients were treated with a systemic agent. There was a clear association between LPP and the occurrence of Hashimoto thyroiditis. Topical treatment with corticosteroids did not improve clinical symptoms in the majority of patients (15 out of 101). In 71% of patients treated with systemic cyclosporine A and 62% of patients treated with hydroxychloroquine, we observed a significant resolution of the inflammatory process, which correlated with a robust durable clinical response (p < 0.001). Toxicity was observed in 17% (n = 9) of patients receiving systemic treatment with hydroxychloroquine and correlated with the duration of systemic treatment (p < 0.001). Treatment discontinuation was associated with a flare-up of clinical symptoms (29%), which required the re-initiation of second-line therapy in 13 out of 51 patients. Overall, the initiation of second-line treatment, either hydroxychloroquine or Cyclosporine A (CsA), yielded positive results, especially in the patient cohort treated with hydroxychloroquine (overall response rate, ORR = 100%), who showed disease progression during CsA or retinoids. Conclusions: Our results from this contemporary cohort of patients with LPP and FFA indicate that hydroxychloroquine and cyclosporine are effective systemic agents in decreasing clinical symptoms. However, our data also show that the discontinuation of treatment is often associated with the exacerbation of clinical symptoms. Response rates to second-line treatment were especially favorable in the patient cohort with hydroxychloroquine.

Ultrasound scanning in diagnosing primary thyroid lymphoma.

This study aimed to summarize the clinical manifestations and ultrasound characteristics of primary thyroid lymphoma (PTL) and explore the key aspects in the process of diagnosing PTL. We conducted a retrospective analysis of the clinical and ultrasound features of 11 patients with PTL who were admitted to Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, China, between May 2009 and August 2023. The pathology was confirmed in all cases through an ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy or surgical resection. The mean age of the 11 patients was 64.45±9.85 years. In six patients, the main clinical manifestation was a palpable mass in the neck, five of whom had a significant increase in the size of the mass within 3 months to 2 years. Eleven patients had coexisting Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). Three patients were diagnosed as having diffuse-type PTL, wherein the ultrasound showed enlargement of the affected thyroid gland with diffusely uneven hypoechoic parenchyma. In 7 patients with nodular type PTL and 1 case of mixed type PTL, the ultrasonographic features of the nodular lesions were of irregular morphology and yet had distinct borders, and only 1 case had gross calcification. There were 7 cases of hypoechoic lesions (7/11 cases, 63.6%), 9 cases where the lesions had linear echo chains (9/11 cases, 81.8%), and 10 cases (90.9%) where there was echogenic enhancement posterior to the lesion. In elderly patients with HT, the thyroid volume increases significantly in a short period of time and symptoms associated with compression in the neck region appear. The ultrasound characteristics were extremely hypoechoic lesions in the thyroid parenchyma, with more linear echo chains visible inside, accompanied by posterior echo enhancement. When encountering such presentations, physicians must consider the possibility of PTL. Performing a core needle biopsy in cases that raise suspicion can reduce the incidence of misdiagnosis.

Cytogenetic Analysis Associated with Hashimoto's Thyroiditis in Samples of Iraqi Patients: an in vitro study

Background: One of the most prevalent autoimmune diseases is Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), which is characterized by autoantibodies specific to the thyroid but whose precise cause is still unknown. Objectives: By comparing a sample of Iraqi patients with healthy controls using the comet assay, chromosomal abnormalities, micronucleus production, and mitotic index, the current study aims to clarify the cytogenetic impact of Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Methods: The study included ten Iraqi patients with HT (six males and four females), ages 20 to 75 years old, compared with ten healthy control groups (six males and four females). Results: The results showed that only cells in metaphase /1000 were being assessed, and the patient group (9.82 ± 0.0153) was more affected than the healthy control group (5.94 ± 0.170). The micronucleus formation result compared to the proportion of healthy controls was (0.004±0.0018 Mn/cell), while the frequency of Mn formation in HT was higher (0.0068±0.00132 Mn/cell). Three parameters were employed in the comet assay to indicate DNA damage in HT patients and healthy controls: tail length (9.2±6.016 and 25.5±10.607 px), tail moment (2.047±2.687 and 11.32±15.058), and DNA damage in the tail (20.892±11.225 and 35.153±44.429%). Conclusion: The percentage of mitotic index, micronucleus formation, and DNA damage detected by the comet assay in HT patients was higher than in healthy control.

Vitamin D and selenium for type 2 diabetes mellitus with Hashimoto's thyroiditis: Dosage and duration insights.

This letter discusses the publication by Feng et al. Iodine, selenium, and vitamin D are closely associated with thyroid hormone production in humans; however, the efficacy of selenium and vitamin D supplementation for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) remains controversial. In the retrospective study we discuss herein, the authors highlighted significant improvements in thyroid function, thyroid antibodies, blood glucose, and blood lipid in T2DM patients with HT following addition of vitamin D and selenium to their antidiabetic regimens, underscoring the value of these supplements. Our team is currently engaged in research exploring the relationship between micronutrients and HT, and we have obtained invaluable insights from the aforementioned study. Based on this research and current literature, we recommend a regimen of 4000 IU/day of vitamin D and 100-200 μg/day of selenium for over three months to six months for patients with HT, particularly for those with concurrent T2DM.

The genetic link between thyroid dysfunction and alopecia areata: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study.

Although descriptive studies have found an association between thyroid dysfunction (TD) and alopecia areata (AA), however, the causal relationship between TD and AA remains unclear. The purpose of this studyis to investigate the causal relationship between the two and the specific directions. We performed large-scale, two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to examine whether there was an association between TD (such as Graves' disease (GD), Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), thyroid cancer (TC), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), etc.) and AA. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics for TD and AA were from the IEU OpenGwas project. The inverse variance-weighted (IVW) method was used as the primary analysis method to evaluate the causality between TD and AA, supplemented by the weighted median, MR-Egger, simple mode and weighted mode. In addition, sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the reliability of the study results. Our study found that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in HT (IVW OR = 1.396, 95% CI 1.030-1.892, P=0.031) and hypothyroidism (IVW OR = 1.431, 95% CI 1.138-1.799, P=0.002) significantly increased the risk of AA. Reverse MR analysis indicated that genetic susceptibility to AA (β=-0.029, 95%CI=-0.051 to -0.007, P=0.009) may be a risk for TRH. Positive MR analysis observed no statistically significant causal relationship between other TD and AA (IVW P>0.05). Reverse MR analysis also showed no statistically significant association between AA and other TD (IVW P>0.05) other than TRH. Furthermore, additional sensitivity analyses were performed, including a leave-one-out test, a heterogeneity test, and a pleiotropy test to assess the robustness of the results. This study provides a very comprehensive analysis of the causal relationship between TD and AA, providing convincing genetic evidence to support the causal relationship between TD and alopecia areata. It reveals some causes of AA patients, which is of great significance for the management and treatment of AA patients.

The risk of thyroid cancer and sex differences in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, a meta-analysis

Background and objectiveThe prevalence of thyroid cancer (TC) has exhibited an upward trajectory in recent years. An accelerating amount of evidence shows a significant association between Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) and TC. The present study encompasses a meticulously designed systematic review and meta-analysis with the aim of scrutinizing the risk of TC and clarifying sex disparities in HT.MethodsA comprehensive search was conducted across reputable online databases, including PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and Web of Science. English-language publications on the correlation between HT and TC were examined without temporal restrictions. Two authors independently screened the articles and extracted pertinent data. The collected data underwent statistical analysis using the STATA software, enabling the calculation of the pooled Odds Ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Additionally, a supplementary analysis was conducted on studies incorporating sex-specific data to determine the OR (female vs. male) and the sex-based prevalence of TC in HT.ResultsA total of 2,845 records were obtained, and 26 retrospective studies were included in this meta-analysis. The results indicated a significant role for HT in TC (OR: 2.22, 95% CI: 1.85–2.67). Supplementary analysis indicated that the prevalence of TC in HT patients was lower in women (0.31, 95% CI: 0.17–0.45) than in men (0.37, 95% CI: 0.21–0.53). However, the result was not statistically significant.ConclusionThis systematic review and meta-analysis provide evidence that HT is associated with increasing odds of TC. Regular review of HT patients holds positive clinical significance.

Multi-regulatory potency of USP1 on inflammasome components promotes pyroptosis in thyroid follicular cells and contributes to the progression of Hashimoto's thyroiditis

BackgroundInflammatory diseases are often initiated by the activation of inflammasomes triggered by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and endogenous damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which mediate pyroptosis. Although pyroptosis resulting from aberrant inflammasome triggering in thyroid follicular cells (TFCs) has been observed in Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) patients, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Given the extensive involvement of protein ubiquitination and deubiquitination in inflammatory diseases, we aimed to investigate how deubiquitinating enzymes regulate thyroid follicular cell pyroptosis and HT pathogenesis.MethodsOur study specifically investigated the role of Ubiquitin-specific peptidase 1 (USP1), a deubiquitinase (DUB), in regulating the inflammasome components NLRP3 and AIM2, which are crucial in pyroptosis. We conducted a series of experiments to elucidate the function of USP1 in promoting pyroptosis associated with inflammasomes and the progression of HT. These experiments involved techniques such as USP1 knockdown or inhibition, measurement of key pyroptosis indicators including caspase-1, caspase-1 p20, and GSDMD-N, and examination of the effects of USP1 abrogation on HT using a mouse model. Furthermore, we explored the impact of USP1 on NLRP3 transcription and its potential interaction with p65 nuclear transportation.ResultsOur findings provide compelling evidence indicating that USP1 plays a pivotal role in promoting inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis and HT progression by stabilizing NLRP3 and AIM2 through deubiquitination. Furthermore, we discovered that USP1 modulates the transcription of NLRP3 by facilitating p65 nuclear transportation. Knockdown or inhibition of USP1 resulted in weakened cell pyroptosis, as evidenced by reduced levels of caspase-1 p20 and GSDMD-N, which could be restored upon AIM2 overexpression. Remarkably, USP1 abrogation significantly ameliorated HT in the mice model, likely to that treating mice with pyroptosis inhibitors VX-765 and disulfiram.ConclusionsOur study highlights a regulatory mechanism of USP1 on inflammasome activation and pyroptosis in TFCs during HT pathogenesis. These findings expand our understanding of HT and suggest that inhibiting USP1 may be a potential treatment strategy for managing HT.

Suicidal behavior with diseases of the endocrine system, eating disorders and metabolic disorders

The purpose of the work is to study: analyze modern data on the problem of suicidal behavior in the structure of diseases of the endocrine system, eating disorders and metabolic disorders. Materials and methods. The analysis of 52 sources. The search was carried out in special medical resources, namely: RusMed, Medline, PubMed, and Web of Science. In addition, electronic libraries such as eLibrary were involved.RU, CyberLeninka and the Library of dissertations and abstracts of Russia dslib.net. Results. An attempt has been made to study the phenomenon of suicidal behavior in the structure of diseases of the endocrine system, eating disorders and metabolic disorders. In addition to studying the prevalence of suicidal behaviors in the above diseases, the features and clinic of suicidal behavior depending on the duration and stage of somatic diseases were also described. The risk of suicidal behavior is higher than in the general population at all stages of the development of somatic disease and treatment, including remission, is underestimated by statistics. Conclusions. Diseases of the endocrine system, eating disorders and metabolic disorders should be considered by specialists as potentially dangerous conditions. Suicidal activity in the structure of these diseases remains very high and varies widely: from 0.10 to 65 %. The greatest suicidal activity is manifested in patients with the following diseases: diabetes mellitus, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, obesity; Preventive strategies are proposed, which show the importance of screening suicidal behavior in the general medical network in view of the high incidence of suicides to specialists.

The Impact of Nutritional and Dietary Factors on Hashimoto's Thyroiditis: A Comprehensive Review

Introduction. Hashimoto's disease (HD) is the main cause of hypothyroidism in countries where there is no iodine deficiency in the diet. Characteristic antibodies for it are anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) and anti-thyroglobulin (anti-Tg) and their level positively correlates with the severity of HD. Whereas its occurrence is related to genetic, environmental and existential factors. Aim of study. The aim of this study was to analyze dietary factors (protein, fat, vitamin D, iodine, selenium, gluten) and intestinal microbiota on the risk of developing Hashimoto's disease and the influence of each of these factors on its course. Materials and methods. More than 90 articles addressing these issues were analyzed. They were found using the PubMed search engine, and the time frame of these publications covered the last 10 years. Results. Excess iodine is the most important environmental factor influencing the development of Hashimoto's disease. Also, selenium deficiency contributes to the development of HD. On the other hand, the concentration of vitamin D is lower in patients with Hashimoto's disease than in the general population. Furthermore, Vitamin D supplementation reduces the concentration of anti-Tg antibodies. In addition, different types of dietary fat affect thyroid hormone levels differently and a deficiency of protein in the diet causes an increase in TSH and a decrease in thyroid hormones. Moreover, changes in the gut microbiome have been observed in people suffering from Hashimoto's disease. Conclusions. The risk of developing Hashimoto's disease can be increased and decreased by diet and diet allows for the modification of hormone levels in the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis.

Evaluation of thyroid dysfunction in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus: Risk factors for Hashimoto's thyroiditis.

Increased frequency of autoimmune thyroid disease, particularly Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) was reported several studies in the literature, in individuals with childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE). Our study aimed to investigate the prevalence and contributing factors of thyroid dysfunction and HT among cSLE patients. Thyroid function tests were obtained cross-sectionally from cSLE patients. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics and activity scores were collected from medical records. Patients diagnosed with cSLE were compared to the healthy control group for the frequency of thyroid dysfunction. The Mann-Whitney U, independent samples t test, and the Chi-square or Fisher's exact test were used to compare study groups. A p-value below 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Out of 73 cSLE patients, 14 (19.1%) had subclinical hypothyroidism, 9 (12.3%) had clinical hypothyroidism, 12 (16.4%) were diagnosed with HT, and 12 (16.4%) had a family history of HT. Thyroid USG was performed in 5 euthyroid patients and 1 borderline subclinical hypothyroid patient with positive thyroid autoantibody and reported as diffuse heterogeneous echogenicity enlargement in the thyroid gland. There were no significant differences in clinical and laboratory data or medication used between the groups with and without HT; however, patients with HT had a higher frequency of clinical hypothyroidism and family history of HT. Cumulative prednisolone dose was significantly lower in patients diagnosed with HT. The frequency of HT was considerably higher in patients with cSLE compared to the healthy control group. The results demonstrate an increased incidence of HT in cSLE patients, even if they are euthyroid, and recommend that cSLE patients be screened more frequently.