Haryana Region Research Articles

Examining the Interrelation Between Microcredit, Entrepreneurship and Women’s Empowerment: An Insight into the Effectiveness of Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana (PMMY)

The present research unleashes the interrelation between microcredit, entrepreneurship and women’s empowerment in the context of Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana (PMMY). In light of this, a structured questionnaire designed to capture the study’s features was given to woman respondents who were residents of the six administrative regions of Haryana in order to gather their responses. The study takes into account 360 respondents. Primary data were collected from July 2023 to March 2024. Logit and ologit regression models were used to evaluate how strongly the chosen variables related to women’s employability. Wilcoxon sign test, a non-parametric test, has been used to determine whether the well-being of the woman respondents differed between the two stages (pre and post Mudra loan). The outcomes of the study revealed that there is a positive interconnection between microcredit, entrepreneurship and women’s empowerment. Further, there has been a considerable increase in the respondents’ economic, social, political and psychological empowerment when compared to the pre- Mudra loan phase. Moreover, the results showed that credit assistance under PMMY schemes helps in job creation.

Field Efficacy of Fungicides for the Management of Rice Neck Blast (Caused by Pyricularia oryzae) in the North‐Western Region of Haryana, India

ABSTRACTNeck blast is one of the most damaging fungal disease of rice, causing severe yield losses in the North‐Western region of Haryana, India. Due to the lack of resistant cultivars commonly grown in Haryana, the management of the disease has relied predominantly on the foliar application of fungicides. Therefore, this study evaluated the field efficacy of various fungicides against rice neck blast in the North‐Western region of Haryana, India, over the kharif seasons of 2020, 2021 and 2022. Fungicides were applied twice per season, at panicle emergence and 10 days later. Among the seven fungicides tested, isoprothiolane 40% EC, propineb 70% WP and difenoconazole 25% EC significantly reduced neck blast severity by 63.2%, 55.2% and 47.3% in 2020; 60.6%, 51.4% and 47.4% in 2021; and 70.0%, 64.9% and 62.5% in 2022, respectively with corresponding reductions in area under disease progress curve values compared with the untreated control. The highest grain yield was recorded for isoprothiolane 40% EC, followed by propineb 70% WP and difenoconazole 25% EC. The greatest increase in grain yield was observed in kharif 2020, whereas the lowest yield in kharif 2022 was associated with moderate total rainfall (284 mm) and high average relative humidity (94.4%) following the appearance of neck blast. These results suggest that these fungicides are effective in reducing rice neck blast and enhancing grain yield in the North‐Western region of Haryana, India.

Exploring the gut microbiota of rural region of Haryana (India): Sociodemographic, socioeconomic factors and lifestyle

Exploring the gut microbiota of rural region of Haryana (India): Sociodemographic, socioeconomic factors and lifestyle

Spatio-Temporal Monitoring and Assessment of Air Quality and its Impact on Public Health from Geospatial perspective over Haryana, India

Abstract. This study aims to evaluate the air quality of the Haryana state, India by utilizing Sentinel-5P satellite data. This study aims to track, quantify, and analyze the level of air pollutants in several regions of Haryana. By integrating and analyzing diverse satellite datasets, the study provides a comprehensive understanding of air quality conditions in the region and supports informed decision-making for pollution mitigation and environmental sustainability. This also examines the public health and environmental impacts of air pollution, identifies pollution sources, reviews existing policies, and also provides recommendations for prevention of air pollution. The outcomes of this study will improve the understanding of air quality dynamics in Haryana and provide preventive measures towards sustainable environmental practices. This paper presents a detailed assessment of air quality in Haryana, India, covering the period from 2019 to 2023 using satellite datasets. This evaluates the concentrations and spatial distributions of air pollutants across Haryana. The experimental results provide significant variations in pollution levels over the four years, with higher concentrations in 2019 and 2021, and lower levels in 2020 and 2023. Moreover, spatial distribution maps illustrate pollutant patterns, emphasizing the temporal and spatial changes in pollution levels. The results also highlight the ongoing challenge of increasing pollution in certain areas of Haryana and the need for continuous monitoring to improve air quality.

Poplar based agroforestry system: Symmetry to maximize productivity and optimized nutrient acquisition in fodder sorghum–wheat rotation in semiarid region of Haryana

A field experiment was conducted during the kharif and rabi season of 2 years (2022–24) at the farm of agroforestry of Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar to evaluate the impact of different geometry of poplar on the yield and nutrient uptake of sorghum and wheat under poplar-based agroforestry sys- tems. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with 3 replications. The sorghum and wheat were sown as per the treatment comprising different spacing of poplar i.e. 3 m × 3 m, 4 m × 3 m, 5 m × 3 m, 6 m × 3 m, 7 m × 3 m, 8 m × 3 m and control (sole crops without trees). The results showed that sorghum (14.02 and 14.48 t/ ha) dry fodder yield and wheat grain yield (5.14 and 5.30 t/ha) and straw yield (7.17 and 7.28 t/ha) were maximum under control in 2022–23 and 2023–24, respectively. The yield of sorghum (13.62 and 15.54%), wheat grain (44.55 and 45.66%) and wheat straw (39.05 and 39.15%) were lower at 3 m × 3 m spacing compared to control in 2022–23 and 2023–24, respectively. The increase in spacing of poplar increase the yield of sorghum and wheat during both the years of study i.e. least yields at 3 m × 3 m popular spacing and highest under 8 m × 3 m spacing. However, popular based system yields of sorghum (8.01 and 8.42%), wheat grain (50.18 and 50.00%) and wheat straw (42.56 and 42.44%) were higher under 8 m × 3 m than 3 m × 3 m spacing in 2022–23 and 2023–24, respec- tively. Similar significant results were obtained in case of nutrient uptake N, P and K as yield of sorghum (143.9, 147.2, 18.3, 19.9 and 31.4, 29.2 kg/ha) and wheat in grain (81.8, 83.4, 13.7, 14.3 and 13.3 14.4 kg/ha) and straw (26.8, 28.4, 7.5, 8.7 and 64.2, 66.3 kg/ha) under 8 m × 3 m during 2022–23 and 2023–24, respectively. Hence, control has significant effect on the yield and nutrient uptake of crops than under agroforestry systems. While, among all the treatments of poplar-based alley crop systems, spacing of 8 × 3 m the significantly higher green for- age, and grain yields and nutrient uptake.

INFLUENCE OF SOCIETAL NORMS ON THE MOTIVATIONS AND CHALLENGES OF WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS IN HARYANA’S MSMES

Within the context of present-day culture, the concept of a "competent woman" has undergone substantial transformation, surpassing conventional stereotypes and encompassing attributes such as self-reliance, perseverance, and resolve. The primary objective of this research is to investigate the influence of societal norms on the incentives and problems encountered by female entrepreneurs operating within micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in the state of Haryana. In this study, a quantitative researchis utilised, focussing on a sample of 369 female entrepreneurs from Rohtak. Regression analysis is employed to evaluate the relationship between societal norms and entrepreneurial outcomes. The findings indicate that societal norms account for approximately 65% of the heterogeneity observed in the incentives and obstacles encountered by these entrepreneurs. The findings demonstrate a statistically significant and positive correlation, wherein cultural standards exert an influence on both the motives and difficulties experienced. The present study provides significant contributions to the understanding of social issues that impact women entrepreneurs. Additionally, it offers recommendations for the development of tailored support structures aimed at cultivating a more inclusive entrepreneurial climate in the region of Haryana.

Physiological Studies and Yield of Different Mustard Genotypes under Saline Water Irrigation in Semi-arid Region of Haryana

Physiological Studies and Yield of Different Mustard Genotypes under Saline Water Irrigation in Semi-arid Region of Haryana

Marwari Community and Their Contribution in Socio-Religious and Cultural Aspects of North-Eastern Bihar

Marwaris are one of the most important leading business communities who dominate in business and industries in whole India. They are immigrant traders from Marwar, Shekhawati and adjoining regions of Rajasthan and Haryana. They have been migrated to different parts of the country and abroad too to establish and spread their business and now they have been permanently residing there. Their migration started since 19th century mainly due to conflicts between Rajput and Mughal emperors which were affecting their trades badly. In this connection they also reached to North-Eastern (N-E) regions of Bihar for trade purpose mainly. They put their concentration to establish themselves in trades in this region. After feeling secured they brought their families, relatives and neighbours too to establish in this new area. Their main aim was to bring these known people to flourish in trades. Slowly they became mixed with the local people and gradually started to play an effective role in commerce, trades, culture and politics too of this region. They have been well adapted to the local languages, customs, dresses, religion and culture besides maintaining their own cultural identity. Besides establishing various trades and industries and raising economy of the areas, they are also contributing a lot in the social upliftment of the society. The present paper deals with the role of Marwari community in the socio-religious and cultural development of N-E Bihar.

Influence of climatic variability on rainfall of western region of Haryana

Influence of climatic variability on rainfall of western region of Haryana

Sustainable Water Conservation and Management Practices: A Perception Survey of the Farmers of Haryana, India

In order to ensure water sustainability, alarming levels of water scarcity across the globe is a critical issue warranting urgent address. The present study aims to bring to light the perception of farmers regarding water conservation and management practices from the selected five districts of the Haryana region of India. By analyzing the responses of 125 farmers, collected through a self-administered questionnaire, the impact of socio-demographic factors, current irrigation system, and cost-benefit perception of the farmers was studied on water conservation and management practices. Using ordinal regression analysis, the study revealed that the cost-benefit perception of the farmers, viz. willingness to pay an additional price for canal water and an increase in the availability of water due to canal lining, are the major factors responsible for undertaking conservation and sustainability measures. Further, socio-demographic variables such as age and education also influence water conservation behavior. The study recommends vital policy reforms and initiatives for efficient water use and management to resolve the grave concern of scarcity of usable water. The present study is unique in its suggestion of a comprehensive water conservation and management framework.

A new insight for geophysical and geospatial mapping quaternary alluvium of Indo-Gangetic plains for exploration and assessment of groundwater in Haryana, India

A comprehensive study on groundwater exploration and assessment was conducted, integrating geophysical, geological, lithological, and resistivity logging techniques for a holistic evaluation of groundwater resources in Haryana, India. The primary research objective was to gain insight into the geological composition of alluvial sand and its implications for groundwater occurrence in Haryana's semi-arid region. The study showcases high-resolution electrical resistivity tomography results alongside conceptual cross-sectional models and 3D lithological models, revealing buried channels that serve as groundwater sources and saturated sand as well as recharge conduits within the alluvial region of Haryana. Moreover, borehole drilling at two sites and resistivity logging data demonstrate a strong correlation between various lithologies and resistivity logs. Overall, groundwater prospect zones are delineated at depths ranging from 18 m to over 100 m based on resistivity values of aquifer zones inferred from electrical resistivity tomography models, as well as mapped thick sand layers with significant hydrogeological importance in the study area. This emphasizes the stress on the aquifer system, where groundwater is being extracted from deeper depths. The conceptual litho-sectional model reveals a thick sand signature at intermediate depths, indicating the presence of buried paleochannels extending from Galedwa (Kurukshetra) to Jubbal (Yamunanagar). Additionally, the 3D lithological models, along with the electrical resistivity tomography results, facilitate strategic planning for shallow and deep boreholes for groundwater exploration and prospecting, aiming at sustainable groundwater development and management of resources in both the present and future.

Challenges in the diagnosis and management of autoimmune hemolytic anemia: A case-based approach. Experience from a tertiary care hospital in the Haryana region.

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is a rare immune disorder which occurs when antibodies are directed against self red blood cells (RBCs) leading to hemolysis. AIHA is widely classified as warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia, cold agglutinin syndrome, mixed AIHA, paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria and rarely drug induced AIHA. The pathogenesis of AIHA is complex interplay between genetic predisposition, immune dysregulation and enviornmental triggers. A direct antiglobulin test can be used to assess the immunological origin of the hemolysis in order to diagnose AIHA after identifying laboratory and clinical symptoms of hemolysis. The objective is to understand underlying mechanism in AIHAs, and usage of targeted therapies to modulate specific components of the immune response. We are hereby presenting a case series of 11 clinically suspected cases of AIHA in collaboration with their clinical features, immuno-hematological and other laboratory parameters, Flow cytometric analysis of lymphocyte subset in relevant cases, underlying etiology as well as serological subtype are also included. Majority of the patients were categorized as secondary AIHA (7/11, 63.63%). Out of 11 cases 7 were serologically subtyped as warm AIHA (7/11, 63.63%) ,2 cases were DaaT negative AIHA (2/11;18.18%), 2 cases were characterized as mixed AIHA subtype (2/11, 18.18%). Accurate subtyping of AIHA requires a systematic immunohematological approach coupled with comprehensive evaluations of clinical, hematological, and biochemical parameters.

Conservation of two freshwater turtle species in the Guru Gorakhnath Community Reserve in Western Haryana, India

The active involvement of local communities in conservation efforts is pivotal in ensuring the long-term protection and preservation of our natural environment. In the village of Kajalheri, located in Fatehabad district, the environmentally conscious Bishnoi community has been engaged in the conservation of the Indian soft-shell turtle (Nilssonia gangetica) population in the village pond for nearly a century. As a testament to their efforts, the pond was officially designated as a community reserve in 2019 to safeguard these turtles. Previously, the Indian soft-shell turtle was the sole known species inhabiting this small pond. However, our observations from 2021 to 2023 have revealed the presence of two additional turtle species, namely the Indian tent turtle (Pangshura tentoria) and the Indian roofed turtle (Pangshura tecta). No study on freshwater turtles specific to the Haryana region has been carried out. Therefore, baseline data on the diversity and distribution of freshwater turtles is scanty in the state. This scientific inquiry provides valuable insights into effective habitat management strategies and instils hope for identifying similar sites within the forest-deficient state of Haryana.

Retrospective study on occurrence of bovine gastrointestinal parasitic infections in different regions of Haryana

The production and reproduction of livestock is hampered by the presence of gastrointestinal (GI) parasitic infections. The effect of parasites ranges from anorexia, loss of body condition, anaemia, diarrhoea, protein losing enteropathy and loss of body condition apart from aforementioned direct and indirect effects on the animals leads to huge economic losses to livestock owners. In the present study, a total of 1669 faecal samples from cattle (n=550) and buffaloes (n=1119) with the history of diarrhoea or digestive disturbances were processed for presence of parasitic infections at different disease investigation laboratories (Ambala, Bhiwani, Mahendragarh and Rohtak) of Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana from July 2021 to June 2022. All the faecal samples were processed by floatation and sedimentation methods for detection of parasitic eggs and the results revealed that 29.6% cattle and 34.7% buffaloes were positive for GI parasites. Buxtonella sulcata (17.7%), Amphistomes (5.2%), and Strongyles (6.9%) were the major parasites observed in cattle and buffaloes. The occurrence of parasitic infection was significantly higher (P<0.05) in Rohtak followed by Bhiwani, Ambala and the least in Mahendragarh district of Haryana. However, no significant difference (P>0.05) between the cattle and buffaloes of geographical regions was observed. Further, analysis of month, season and age influences on prevalence of GI parasites were found to have no significant impact (P>0.05). Overall, this study helps to assess the parasitic load within the study region and helps to further devise control strategies against the parasites of bovines.

Exploring English Language Anxiety Among Undergraduate Female ESL Learners in Mewat Region of Haryana, India

The study aims to investigate English language anxiety among Mewat female ESL learners and the causes and sources of anxiety. It also seeks to investigate if the differences in their demographic profiles shape their anxiety levels differently. As the study deals with how certain independent variables (e.g. level/year of study, parents’ educational level, and their employment profile) shape the dependent variable (English language anxiety), a descriptive quantitative approach was adopted, and the Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale developed by Horwitz et al. (1986) was utilized to collect the data from respondents. 214 study participants were selected through a simple random sampling method from the population of undergraduate ESL learners studying at different levels of the graduate program at Government Women’s College, Nuh, Mewat, Haryana, India. The findings revealed that the study respondents experience moderate levels of anxiety. However, their anxiety levels differ concerning different aspects/sources of anxiety. Communicative anxiety is the highest followed by classroom anxiety, test anxiety, and fear of negative evaluation respectively. One-way ANOVA analysis revealed statistically significant differences in the means of the responses of study participants based on level/year of study and parents' educational level. However, no difference of any statistical significance was found in the means of the response of the respondents based on their parents' professional profiles. The study findings would be useful in addressing anxiety, understanding its causes and consequences, and uncovering ways to help students overcome anxiety and learn English properly.

Spatial and temporal analysis of regional disparities in educational development with in National Capital and Non-National Capital Regions of Haryana

Education is an essential indicator to assess the social, cultural and financial progress of a society to improve the quality of life at local, national and global levels. It is mandatory for every citizen of the nation to avoid ignorance and backwardness. Therefore, the importance of education for humans is continuously increasing. Development in the field of education has become essential for social and economic development so that the quality of life of the people can be improved. These disparities can be seen and measured across various indicators of development. On the basis of this objective, in the present research paper, various indicators of Haryana like total number of schools per lakh population of primary, secondary, senior secondary schools in the national capital and non-national capital region have been analyzed by Human Development Index to assess the regional disparity. The composite index method has been used. For the present study, data of the years 1991-92, 2001-02 and 2011-12 have been used. The data related to the study has been obtained from the Statistics Department of Haryana.
 Abstract in Hindi Language: 
 शिक्षा स्थानीय ,राष्ट्रीय और वैश्विक स्तर पर जीवन की गुणवता को उन्नत करने के लिए समाज की सामाजिक , सांस्कृतिक और वित्तीय उन्नति का आंकलन के लिए एक आवश्यक संकेतक है । यह राष्ट्र के प्रत्येक नागरिक के लिए अज्ञानता और पिछड़ेपन से बचाव के लिए अनिवार्य है । अतः मनुष्य के लिए शिक्षा का महत्व निरंतर बढ़ता जा रहा है । सामाजिक और आर्थिक विकास हेतु शिक्षा के क्षेत्र में विकास अनिवार्य हो गया है ताकि लोगो के जीवन की गुणवत्ता में सुधार हो सके । इन विषमताओं को विकास के विभिन्न संकेतकों के बीच देखा और मापा जा सकता है । इसी उद्देश्य के आधार पर वर्तमान शोधपत्र में हरियाणा के विभिन्न संकेतकों जैसे प्राथमिक,माध्यमिक,उच्चध्वरिष्ठ माध्यमिक विद्यालय की प्रति लाख जनसँख्या पर कुल विद्यालय संख्या का राष्ट्रीय राजधानी और गैर -राष्ट्रीय राजधानी क्षेत्र में प्रादेशिक विषमता के आंकलन के लिए मानव विकास सूचकांक द्वारा दी गयी समग्र सूचकांक विधि का उपयोग किया गया है ।वर्तमान अध्ययन हेतु सन 1991-92, 2001-02 और 2011-12 के आंकड़ों का प्रयोग किया गया है । अध्ययन से सम्बन्धित आंकड़े हरियाणा के सांख्यिकी विभाग सार से प्राप्त किये गये है ।
 Keywords: विकास ,समग्र सूचकांक विधि, प्रादेशिक विषमता , मानव विकास सूचकांक ,राष्ट्रीय ,गैर -राष्ट्रीय राजधानी

Enhancing Soil Health and Sustainability: The Impact of Melia Dubia-based Agroforestry in a Semi-Arid Region of Haryana, India

This study investigates the impact of a Melia dubia-based agroforestry system on soil properties in Gillan Khera, Fatehabad district, located in the semi-arid region of Haryana. Soil samples were collected from a 7-year-old plantation with a 3m × 3m spacing, where three oat varieties were intercropped. Parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity (EC), organic carbon, soil moisture, and available nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium were analysed at depths of 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm. Results revealed a decrease in soil pH and EC under trees, with values decreasing from 8.09 to 7.89 and 0.46 to 0.44 dSm-1, respectively. However, intercropped conditions exhibited higher levels of nitrogen (131.38 kg/ha), phosphorus (16.00 kg/ha), potassium (301.10 kg/ha), and organic carbon (0.46%) at both soil depths. Additionally, there was more soil moisture under the plantation. These findings suggest a positive correlation between tree growth and soil health. The study recommends the Melia dubia-based agroforestry system as a promising approach for enhancing soil fertility and promoting environmental sustainability.

Trans-boundary spatio-temporal analysis of Sentinel 5P tropospheric nitrogen dioxide and total carbon monoxide columns over Punjab and Haryana Regions with COVID-19 lockdown impact.

This study conducts a spatio-temporal analysis of tropospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and total carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations in the Punjab and Haryana regions of India and Pakistan, using datasets from the Sentinel 5-Precursor (S5P) satellite. These regions, marked by diverse economic growth factors including population expansion, power generation, transportation, and agricultural practices, face similar challenges in atmospheric pollution, particularly evident in major urban centers like Delhi and Lahore, identified as pollution hotspots. The study also spotlights pollution associated with power plants. In urban areas, tropospheric NO2 levels are predominantly elevated due to vehicular emissions, whereas residential activities mainly contribute to CO pollution. However, precisely attributing urban CO sources is complex due to its longer atmospheric residence time and intricate circulation patterns. Notably, the burning of rice crop residue in November significantly exacerbates winter pollution episodes and smog, showing a more pronounced correlation with total CO than with tropospheric NO2 levels. The temporal analysis indicates that the months from October to December witness peak pollution, contrasted with the relatively cleaner period during the monsoon months of July to September. The severe pollution in the OND quarter is attributed to factors such as variations in boundary layer height and depletion of OH radicals. Furthermore, the study highlights the positive impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on air quality, with a significant decrease in NO2 concentrations during April, 2020 (Delhi: 59%, Lahore: 58%). However, the reduction in total CO columns was less significant. The study also correlates lockdown stringency with tropospheric NO2 columns (R2: 0.37 for Delhi, 0.25 for Lahore, 0.22 for Rawalpindi/Islamabad), acknowledging the influence of various meteorological and atmospheric variables. The research highlights the significant impact of crop residue burning on winter pollution levels, particularly on total CO concentrations. The study also shows the notable effect of the COVID-19 lockdown on air quality, significantly reducing NO2 levels. Additionally, it explores the correlation between lockdown stringency and tropospheric NO2 columns, considering various meteorological factors.

Commiphora wightii (Guggul) - Critically Endangered species: A case study from Aravallis of Haryana, India

Guggul (Commiphora wightii) is much sought after for its gummy oleoresin, commonly used in Ayurvedic medicines, in perfumes and as incense. The plant is being overexploited and its population in nature is depleting. The species has now been put in the “Critically Endangered” category by the IUCN. The species is restricted to dry regions of Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra and Haryana. The authors conducted ecological studies in the Aravallis of Haryana and located it in the districts Faridabad, Gurgaon, Mewat, Rewari, Mahendragarh and Bhiwani. Their observations are presented in this paper.

Study on Spectrum of Hemoglobinopathies in A Tertiary Care Hospital in Haryana, India

Background: Hemoglobinopathies are the most common inherited disorders and are major public health problem in many parts of the world. According to WHO, 5% of the world population is carrier for hemoglobinopathies. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is a sensitive, specific and rapid method aiding in detection of hemoglobinopathies.Objective: To evaluate the spectrum of various hemoglobinopathies by using HPLC in a rural tertiary care hospital in Haryana, India.Methods: This prospective study was conducted for detection of hemoglobinopathies using BioRad D-10 for patients visiting various OPDs in Bhagat Phool Singh Government Medical College for Women, Haryana, India.Results: A total of 160 patients were included in the study. 25 (15.6%) cases were detected to have hemoglobinopathies. Most common hemoglobinopathy was beta thalassemia trait found in 9 cases (36%) followed by beta thalassemia major in 4 cases (16%), Hemoglobin D Punjab heterozygous in 3 cases (12%), Hemoglobin E heterozygous in 2 cases (8%).Conclusion: Our study provides an overview on the spectrum of hemoglobinopathies in Haryana region of India. Hemoglobinopathies pose considerable economic and psychosocial burden on the affected individuals, society, and the country. It is concluded that HPLC is a versatile, reproducible technique for the estimation of hemoglobinopathies.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 08 No. 01 Jan’24 Page: 49-55