Harvesting Techniques Research Articles

Water conflict analysis in the Balangan Irrigation Area: causes, impacts, and management strategies

The Balangan irrigation area has grappled with a 20-year water shortage due to disorganized canal systems, causing water scarcity in droughts and floods during the rainy season. Conflicts between upstream and downstream users compound these challenges. This study analyzes water conflicts, their causes, impacts, and resolution strategies. Employing descriptive approaches, it identifies factors triggering conflicts, their societal and agricultural effects, and sustainable solutions. Findings reveal that the narrowing of water channels, exacerbated by concrete structures, has caused an imbalance in water distribution between Subak Balangan and Subak Palean. Sedimentation and irregular channel regulation exacerbate water loss and prolonged scarcity. The study underscores the necessity of comprehensive management strategies, prioritizing Water Rights and Allocation Policies, Community Participation, and Rainwater Harvesting and Conservation. These strategies promise practical, feasible, sustainable, and impactful solutions. Regulating water rights and allocations provides a framework, and community engagement ensures local perspectives are considered, while rainwater harvesting and conservation techniques reduce water stress and foster agricultural resilience. Integrating these strategies can achieve a comprehensive approach to sustainable water management in the Balangan Irrigation area.

Comparison of perioperative adverse events following suburethral sling placement using synthetic mesh, autologous rectus fascia, and autologous fascia lata in a national surgical registry.

To assess and compare 30-day perioperative adverse events following suburethral sling surgery using synthetic mesh, autologous rectus fascia, and autologous fascia lata in women. This was a retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent fascial or synthetic sling placement for stress urinary incontinence between 2008 and 2021 using the American College of Surgeons' National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database. Current Procedural Terminology codes were used to identify patients undergoing each type of sling procedure. Multivariable regression analysis with stepwise regression was used to assess the odds of composite adverse events (e.g., urinary tract infection, surgical site infection, pulmonary embolism, and other reportable events) between cohorts. Of the 41 533 female patients who underwent isolated suburethral sling placement without concurrent procedures, 41 292 (99.4%) received a synthetic mesh sling, and 241 (0.6%) received an autologous facial sling. In the fascial sling cohort, 160 (66.4%) underwent rectus fascia harvest and 81 (33.6%) underwent fascia lata harvest. Sling surgeries involving autologous fascia were associated with increased odds of adverse events compared to those involving synthetic mesh, even after adjusting for confounders (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 3.63, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.56-5.15). Compared to fascial slings from rectus fascia, slings from fascia lata were associated with increased odds of composite adverse events (aOR: 2.11, 95% CI: 1.03-4.04). However, with the exclusion of urinary tract infections, the adverse event rate was similar between slings using the two fascial harvest techniques (aOR: 1.93, 95% CI: 0.81-4.63). In this retrospective database study, suburethral sling surgeries using autologous fascia were independently associated with a 3.6-fold increase in odds of 30-day perioperative adverse events compared to sling surgeries using synthetic mesh.

RF Energy Harvesting Techniques for Battery-Less Wireless Sensing, Industry 4.0, and Internet of Things: A Review

RF Energy Harvesting Techniques for Battery-Less Wireless Sensing, Industry 4.0, and Internet of Things: A Review

Energy-Efficient Fog Computing: A Review and Future Directions

Fog computing has emerged as a promising paradigm to meet the increasing demands of latency-sensitive and bandwidth-intensive applications in the era of the Internet of Things (IoT) and edge computing. However, the proliferation of fog nodes introduces significant energy consumption challenges, particularly in resource-constrained environments. This paper presents a comprehensive review of energy-efficient techniques in fog computing, focusing on optimization strategies to minimize energy consumption while meeting application requirements. We categorize existing research efforts based on their approaches, including task scheduling, resource allocation, communication protocols, and energy harvesting techniques. Additionally, we identify key open challenges and propose future research directions to further enhance energy efficiency in fog computing environments.

A Review on the Status of Rubber Plantations in Cambodia

The rubber tree (natural rubber) is a tropical crop around the world. In Cambodia, rubber is one of the most popular agro-industrial crops introduced since the 1910s. This study review article aims to demonstrate the methods for planting and harvesting techniques in rubber plantations. Cultivation is the most important factor in the rubber sector, and planting is done during June and July. Moreover, selecting varieties of clonal rubber is the best way to improve high production, high initial vigor, tolerance to climate change, pests, wind damage, and diseases, and to be a good secondary characteristic. In addition, harvesting techniques are vital elements in the status of rubber plantations. So, improving the methods of cultivation and the techniques of harvesting is very important in order to get a high amount of rubber production.

Consensus statement-graft treatment in cardiovascular bypass graft surgery.

Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is and continues to be the preferred revascularization strategy in patients with multivessel disease. Graft selection has been shown to influence the outcomes following CABG. During the last almost 60 years saphenous vein grafts (SVG) together with the internal mammary artery have become the standard of care for patients undergoing CABG surgery. While there is little doubt about the benefits, the patency rates are constantly under debate. Despite its acknowledged limitations in terms of long-term patency due to intimal hyperplasia, the saphenous vein is still the most often used graft. Although reendothelialization occurs early postoperatively, the process of intimal hyperplasia remains irreversible. This is due in part to the persistence of high shear forces, the chronic localized inflammatory response, and the partial dysfunctionality of the regenerated endothelium. "No-Touch" harvesting techniques, specific storage solutions, pressure controlled graft flushing and external stenting are important and established methods aiming to overcome the process of intimal hyperplasia at different time levels. Still despite the known evidence these methods are not standard everywhere. The use of arterial grafts is another strategy to address the inferior SVG patency rates and to perform CABG with total arterial revascularization. Composite grafting, pharmacological agents as well as latest minimal invasive techniques aim in the same direction. To give guide and set standards all graft related topics for CABG are presented in this expert opinion document on graft treatment.

Growth Kinetic Modelling of Efficient <i>Anabaena</i> sp. Bioflocculation

Bioflocculation is a harvesting technique that employs flocculant agents such as bacteria and microalgae. The benefit is the absence of a chemical-added flocculant. Because bacteria need a particular medium, microalgae flocculant agents are more effective. This study used Anabaena sp. to collect fat, protein, and carbohydrates from the Glagah consortium. Three replications of those microalgae were grown in 300 ml of Bold Basal Medium culture for eight days. On the day of harvest, flocculant microalgae (Anabaena sp.) and non-flocculant microalgae (Glagah) were combined to accomplish flocculation. On the day of harvest, parameters were observed by combining Anabaena sp. with the Glagah consortium in the ratios 1: 1, 0.5: 1, and 0.25: 1. There were three times of each parameter test. Utilizing a wavelength of 750 nm, the proportion of precipitation was calculated spectrophotometrically. Bligh and Dyer were used to measure the lipids. The phenol sulfate technique was used to calculate the amount of carbohydrates. By employing the Bradford method, proteins were quantified. Biofocculation percentages and carbohydrate content were optimum on a ratio of 0.25:1. Lipid and protein content were optimum on a ratio of 1:1.

End-to-end revascularization between the occipital Artery(OA) and the p1 segment of posterior inferior cerebellar Artery(PICA) for a patient with posterior circulation ischemia via a far-lateral approach:2-Dimensional Operative video

Vertebral artery （VA）Aneurysms involving the origin of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) ,occasionally, induce cerebellum and brainstem infarction due to intraluminal thrombus and calcific VA stenosis. At times, vessel occlusion and revascularization is necessary for successful obliteration of these aneurysms.2 The occipital artery (OA) is often the preferred donor graft for lesions of the posterior fossa. Although most OA-PICA bypasses can be performed using the p3 segment as the recipient site for an end-to-side anastomosis, a more feasible alternative to conventional OA-p3 PICA bypass in cases of high-riding caudal loops , aberrant anatomy or p3 multiple perforators is to free the p1 PICA, transpose it away from the lower cranial nerves, and perform an end-to-end OA-p1 PICA bypass instead. This video captures the dissection of the OA using an orientational anterograde harvesting technique and the end-to-end anastomosis of the OA to the PICA at the p1 segment. This was performed in a 56-year-old man who presented with posterior circulation ischemia from a fusiform aneurysm with calcific vertebral artery stenosis located at the origin of the right PICA. The patient tolerated the procedure well and suffered no major complications related to the operation. He did experience some mild, posterior neck rigidity at the time of his 6-month follow-up, likely due to nerve injury that occurred while harvesting the OA. Overall, the patient remains in good neurologic status 1 year after the operation. The operation proved the feasibility of end-to-end bypass in OA-p1 PICA.

Effect of Moisture Content on Combine Harvested Seed Crop and its Quality

The moisture content during harvesting significantly influences post-harvest losses, encompassing factors that collectively diminish both the quantity and quality of agricultural produce. These factors involve pre-harvest sprouting, mechanical damages and susceptibility to diseases at post-harvest. To mitigate the risks associated with excessive moisture, farmers have to employ proper harvesting techniques such as using a combine harvester. The combine harvester proves invaluable by efficient harvesting, threshing and winnowing various crops like rice, corn, wheat, sunflower and pulses directly in the field. This streamlined process not only saves time and reduces the need for human labour but also lowers overall work costs for farmers. Additionally, the utilization of these machines enhances agricultural productivity, ensuring a more efficient harvesting process and contributing to greater profitability in farming practices. Consequently, effective moisture content management becomes essential for minimizing losses and preserving seed quality. A multipurpose nature of a combine harvester minimizes the need for manual labour in harvesting, leading to a reduction in workforce requirements, time expenditure and effort. Consequently, this enhances overall productivity. The objective of the present review is to describe the effect of moisture content on crop, machine and operational parameters on seed quality of combine harvested crops and discussed the effect of moisture content on mechanical damage of combine harvested seed crop and its germination potential and seedling vigour.

Fog harvesting efficiency analysis of biomimicking surfaces: A review

With a rapidly increasing population, pollution levels and industrial water and energy demand are on a constant rise in the past century. Populations residing in arid and semi-arid regions have been victims of water shortage issues since decades. Efficient water harvesting techniques are becoming highly significant today for ensuring the availability of essential resources throughout the globe. Inspired from nature where certain creatures have attractive surfaces which can collect water from the fog or mist even in no rainfall conditions, researchers have developed high-efficient novel water harvesting materials that could effectively address water scarcity issues. Through an in-depth analysis of the wettability and water droplet transportation of these creatures in nature, novel bionic surfaces that combine desirable natures and properties have been developed through innovative fabrication and coupling techniques. This could achieve 2.5 to 5.3 times more efficient water harvesting than conventional superhydrophobic and superhydrophilic surfaces. The efficiency value increased by 250% to 600% by merging different morphologies like Desert beetle, cactus and Janus, compared to their individual uniform morphology surfaces. The review also presents current challenges and scope for future development in water harvesting materials.

Green IoT Based on Tropical Weather: The Impact of Energy Harvesting in Wireless Sensor Network

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are a key component of Green IoT, as they play a critical role in many applications. However, a major challenge faced by WSNs is their limited energy capacity, which can impede their effectiveness. To address this issue, energy harvesting techniques are used to harness ambient energy and power the nodes, eliminating the need for frequent battery replacements or recharging. This study proposes a solar energy harvesting technique to prolong the lifespan of each wireless sensor node in a network. The aim of the research is to assess the impact of energy harvesting on wireless sensor networks with a focus on solar ambient light energy, as it is a critical component of achieving a Green Internet of Things (IoT). The study is adapted to the tropical weather of Malaysia and its forecasted conditions. Through the use of NetSim simulations, the energy efficiency and reliability of the network are evaluated using solar energy harvesting. The recharge rate for energy harvesting in a wireless sensor network is calculated to be 2.34W per day using a 55x70mm solar photovoltaic panel based on Malaysia weather forecasts and sun hours. This proposed method is successfully executed using NetSim, which utilizes real device parameters for a WSN in a simulated agriculture environment. The results show an overall improvement of 22.4 percent in performance parameters in all areas, including energy consumption, network layer, routing performance, and IEEE 802.15.4 metrics, representing a significant improvement. With the implementation of solar energy harvesting, traditional energy of WSNs can benefit from developing smart agricultural monitoring systems. This efficient method and calculation for solar energy harvesting can help to sustain the infinite lifetime of WSN by optimizing the operational time to 18% of the duty cycle. Results demonstrate that the proposed method can effectively increase the energy efficiency and reliability of the network, making it a promising solution for WSNs operating in tropical regions. This research contributes to the development of sustainable and energy-efficient WSNs, promoting the Green IoT concept.

Analysis of Farmers' Knowledge Level of Off Season Cultivation Technology, Harvesting Techniques, Post Harvest Handling and Quality of Gedong Gincu Mango Fruits for the Export Market

Gedong gincu mango is a food commodity that has good added value with relatively high demand in various markets. Thus, production availability and quality standards can be realized by implementing off season gedong gincu mango cultivation, harvesting and post-harvest techniques that can minimize the level of losses due to improper handling. This research aims to determine the level of farmers' knowledge regarding off season cultivation, harvest techniques, post-harvest handling and fruit quality for the export market. The research was conducted in Sedong District with the consideration that this area is the highest mango production center in Cirebon Regency. The research is planned to be carried out in January 2024. The research design used is descriptive quantitative with survey research techniques. The sample in this study was 54 gedong gincu mango farmers. The data analysis technique was carried out using descriptive statistics with score weighting between 1 and 5. The results of the analysis showed that the level of knowledge of farmers in off season cultivation was 84.86%, harvest techniques were 82.90% and post-harvest handling was 82.04%. so it is classified as very knowledgeable, while farmers' knowledge of the quality of export fruit is 79.77%, so it is classified as knowledgeable.

Farmers' Behavior in the Application of Coffee Harvest and Post-Harvest Techniques According to Good Manufacturing Practice Quality Standards

Good manufacturing practice is a guideline for producing safe and quality food products. GMP is carried out from the plantation, starting from harvest and post-harvest techniques. Harvest and post-harvest handling is influenced by the farmer's behavior in carrying out his business. This research aims to determine the behavior of farmers in Cilimus District in implementing coffee harvesting and post-pane techniques in accordance with GMP standards. The research was conducted in Cilimus District, Kuningan Regency with the consideration that this area has superior coffee production. The research is planned to be carried out in January 2024. The research design used is descriptive quantitative with survey research techniques. The sample size in this study was 65 respondents. The data analysis technique was carried out descriptively with a Likert score weighting of 1-5. The research results show that farmer behavior in harvesting techniques consists of knowledge with a percentage of 56.31%, attitude with a percentage of 52.00% and farmer skills with a percentage of 49.78%. Each aspect indicates quite good condition. Farmers' behavior in post-harvest handling consists of knowledge of 64.09% in the good category, but attitude of 55.87% and skills of 50.86% in the quite good category

Stochastic modeling of enhancing energy efficiency for HAP in HAP-LEO systems using Markov regenerative process

The sixth-generation (6G) communication systems heavily rely on space-air-terrestrial networks (SAT), which integrate high-altitude platforms (HAPs) and low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites. LEO satellites play a crucial role in ensuring global coverage and supporting a large number of users, while HAPs are strategically deployed to cover regions with high demand, providing a more reliable communication service to ground users. The principal aim of the proposed model is to explore techniques for energy conservation and efficient energy harvesting within the multi-layered system for HAP. In this energy harvesting scenario, it is assumed that HAPs will store the energy units generated through solar power. Moreover, the presented model incorporates two energy-saving states: standby and sleep states, during which HAPs consume minimal or zero energy. To analyze the described multi-layer system, a stochastic model is formulated using Markov regenerative process (MRGP), with consideration for the mean sojourn times of energy-saving states following a non-exponential distribution. The numerical results vividly demonstrate the significant contribution of energy-saving states in enhancing the energy efficiency of the HAP system. Also, trade-offs have been presented to analyze the impact of energy harvesting and energy saving in the proposed model. These findings are visually presented in graphs, and to validate the proposed model, simulation results have been carried out.

Ambient RF Energy Harvesting

In this paper, we present a study of ambient RF energy harvesting techniques. The measurement of the ambient RF power density is presented. The average of the density in broadband (1GHz- 3.5GHz) is in the order of -12dBm/m² (63µW/m²). Two systems have been studied to recover the RF energy. The first is a broadband system without matching circuit. The second is a narrow band system (1.8-1.9GHz) with a matching circuit. The rectifier circuit RF / DC and the choice of the load to optimize the DC power recovered are presented. The preliminary results indicate that the recovered energy is not sufficient to directly power devices but could be stored in a super-capacity or micro-batteries.

Early Results of Endoscopic Versus Open Saphenous Vein Harvesting in Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: A Single Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial

Background: The great saphenous vein (GSV) remains the most commonly used conduit worldwide for the majority of coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) procedures, despite concerns regarding the long-term patency of arterial revascularization. Therefore, our aim is to assess and demonstrate the impact of harvesting techniques on patient quality of life and early post-operative outcomes.
 Methods: This prospective, single-blinded randomized controlled study enrolled patients with ischemic heart disease indicated for CABG. The study was conducted at the Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery Center (CVSC) at Mansoura University, Mansoura, and El-Galaa Military Hospital, Cairo, involving 32 patients. Patients were categorized into two groups: Group I comprised sixteen patients where the GSV was harvested using the open vein harvesting technique (OVH), and Group II included sixteen patients where the GSV was harvested using the endoscopic vein harvesting technique (EVH).
 Results: Multivariate regression analysis evaluating the effect of the endoscopic technique revealed a significant correlation with postoperative outcomes, particularly in terms of leg wound complications assessed by the ASEPSIS score (p < 0.001) and the prediction of postoperative NRS values for leg pain (p 0.001). Additionally, the impact on patients' quality of life across all subclinical categories was assessed using the Euro-Qol 5D (p < 0.001).
 Conclusion: EVH presents itself as a viable minimally invasive alternative to traditional OVH techniques. It offers greater patient comfort, improved cosmetic satisfaction, a reduced incidence of postoperative leg wound complications, and lower levels of pain. Moreover, there is a statistically significant association between performing EVH techniques and enhanced quality of life, as well as a decrease in total ASEPSIS scores.

Bioecology of Imbrasia epimethea (Drury, 1773) caterpillars consumed in Kwilu province, Democratic Republic of the Congo

Abstract Imbrasia epimethea is one of the most esteemed and popular caterpillar species for its remarkable organoleptic and nutritional values. Its consumption extends throughout the Kwilu province and nearly the entire Democratic Republic of the Congo, but its supply is very limited. The high anthropogenic pressure and the poor harvesting techniques employed by the population of Kwilu pose a major threat to the conservation of the species. This study aims to investigate the bioecology of I. epimethea in order to develop semi-captive breeding techniques for these caterpillars, making them accessible to the population. In order to determine the host plants of I. epimethea, a survey was conducted among 424 caterpillar collectors from two populated and forested territories in the Kwilu province. To study the influence of changes in the caterpillars’ diet on their growth and determine their developmental cycle, a breeding experiment was conducted. This study revealed that the caterpillars of I. epimethea do not accept transfers from Petersianthus macrocarpus to Funtumia africana. It also confirms the polyphagy of these caterpillars while indicating that, overall, P. macrocarpus proved to be the most suitable host in the Kwilu province. I. epimethea is a social species with a development cycle, from hatching to emergence, lasting approximately 115.33 ± 3.06 days. The larval stage lasts about a month but with a prolonged period of nymphal diapause. Further analysis of the leaves of P. macrocarpus and F. africana, as well as the analysis of the caterpillars themselves, along with several breeding trials, will provide further clarification on this matter.

Highly salt resistant composite based protonated g-C3N4@rGO/biochar for photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes through simultaneous solar steam-electricity generation

Solar steam generation (SSG) is a promising solar energy harvesting technique for addressing global freshwater scarcity. However, the high materials cost, salt accumulation, and concentration of pollutants in the brine after SSG hindered their practical applications. Herein, the recycled sawdust waste was used as a cost-effective evaporator and decorated with protonated carbon nitride and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) which was termed as P-g-C3N4 @ rGO/DB. The g-C3N4 was protonated with sulfuric acid giving P-g-C3N4, which has high salt resistance via the Donnan exclusion mechanism. Besides, P-g-C3N4 as a metal-free semiconductor with a mild band gap (2.7 eV) was utilized for the photocatalytic degradation of the organic dyes under solar illumination to prevent the concentration of pollutants in water after desalination. Coupling rGO as electron acceptors inhibits the e−/h+ pairs recombination and traps the organic dyes on the surface of the evaporator increasing the photocatalytic degradation efficiency. The composite exhibited an excellent evaporation rate of 1.98 kg m−2 h−1 with 97.2 % solar to steam conversion efficiency as well as superior photocatalytic degradation of RhB dye under 1 sun illumination. Finally, the evaporator was coupled with a thermoelectric module achieving the maximum electricity cogeneration of 13.69 mW/m2.

A Nature-Inspired Green–Blue Solution: Incorporating a Fog Harvesting Technique into Urban Green Wall Design

This research aims to explore the use of vegetation and nets to collect water from fog on facades to meet the needs of buildings’ functional requirements, particularly outdoor thermal comfort, water demands, and encouraging sustainability by suggesting a new architectural green–blue wall system. The system is posited to be applicable within an urban context, given its minimal spatial requirements and adaptability to existing structures. However, similar challenges to those encountered by green walls are anticipated, wherein the provision of sustainable benefits is offset by the demands of maintenance and associated additional costs. For this reason, this paper is mainly divided into two parts: in the first part, green facades are explained, referring to their effect on urban environment, including thermal comfort, pollution absorption, noise pollution, and well-being, as well as types of plants to apply on green walls; the second part focuses on the fog collector as an irrigation system for green walls, analyzing its components, structure, and fabric, to identify its development margins in the construction industry. Fog harvesting initiatives predominantly focus on rural regions to cater to agricultural demands; however, limiting fog harvesting to agricultural settings is considered insufficient, as it represents a crucial solution for addressing water challenges in specific urban environments. Nevertheless, it is worth investigating the fog collector’s potential for integrating water supply in urban environments as well. The study focuses on exploring the environmental benefits of fog harvesting and green walls, particularly through their combined implementation. The proposed review is significant for guiding the integration of a device into green facades, ensuring water self-sufficiency while concurrently addressing air purification, noise reduction, and thermal comfort for pedestrians and urban inhabitants. Nevertheless, it is worth investigating the fog collector’s potential for integrating water supply in urban environments as well. The proposed review is, therefore, useful for integrating a device represented by the fog harvesting system, also identified in the text as the blue system, into the design of green facades, identified in the text as the green system, integrating the blue element in the design of the green wall to make them water self-sufficient and at the same time purifying the air, reducing noise pollution, or giving thermal comfort to pedestrians and inhabitants of the urban context.

RF energy harvesters for wireless sensors, state of the art, future prospects and challenges: a review.

The power consumption of portable gadgets, implantable medical devices (IMDs) and wireless sensor nodes (WSNs) has reduced significantly with the ongoing progression in low-power electronics and the swift advancement in nano and microfabrication. Energy harvesting techniques that extract and convert ambient energy into electrical power have been favored to operate such low-power devices as an alternative to batteries. Due to the expanded availability of radio frequency (RF) energy residue in the surroundings, radio frequency energy harvesters (RFEHs) for low-power devices have garnered notable attention in recent times. This work establishes a review study of RFEHs developed for the utilization of low-power devices. From the modest single band to the complex multiband circuitry, the work reviews state of the art of required circuitry for RFEH that contains a receiving antenna, impedance matching circuit, and an AC-DC rectifier. Furthermore, the advantages and disadvantages associated with various circuit architectures are comprehensively discussed. Moreover, the reported receiving antenna, impedance matching circuit, and an AC-DC rectifier are also compared to draw conclusions towards their implementations in RFEHs for sensors and biomedical devices applications.