Amount Of Harvest Research Articles

The effect of organic fertilizer types and Endophyte bacteria application on the productivity of hot pepper (Capsicum ascalonicum)

This study was aimed to examine the interaction between the types of manure which used as basic fertilizer and the intervals of giving endophyte bacteria consortium to support hot pepper plant growth. The study was designed as completely randomized design in factorial experiment. The first factor is types of manure (P), while the second factor is the interval of endophyte bacteria consortium (N) application. Parameters observed were the growth of hot pepper namely plant height and number of leaves, and harvest quantity namely fruit number dan fruit resulted. As the result, there is interaction between type of manure treatment with the intervals of giving the endophyte bacteria. The application of endophyte bacteria able to increase the efficiency of manure given. The most recommended combination to produce best quality of harvested hot pepper is cow manure and intervals of 5 days of endophyte bacteria. Using this combination, the productivity of hot pepper could be reached to 19.5 tons per ha.

Hydroponic: Empowering Local Farmer Knowhow to Gain Value Added on Agriculture Commodity

The agricultural sector is one of the potential commodities in business at domestic and abroad, local farmers in the West Java area are trying to run the best farming system that is adapted to market needs. Conventional farming systems that require large tracts of land, the availability of farmer labor and the length of time for harvesting are obstacles for local farmers to expand their businesses and increase their production yields. A concept in the agricultural system that is different from conventional agriculture yet can be used by local farmers at this time is hydroponic farming. Hydroponic farming that uses water as a planting medium can be implemented anywhere such as urban areas because it does not require large tracts of land. One of the hydroponic techniques that is currently developing is the NFT or Nutrient Film Technique which can be applied in the highlands and lowlands. This system can provide quality harvests. The NFT system provides added value for farmers by increasing farmers' knowledge about the hydroponic farming system and increasing agricultural commodities produced, through this system the farmers can run their farming business on land that is not extensive in urban areas. The commodities produced are of high quality because they are environmentally friendly, with efficient fertilizer, water and the use of non-pesticide ingredients. In fact, this hydroponic system requires a large enough cost to purchase material, regardless of the greater quantity of harvest and shorter harvest time. Increasing the quality and quantity of agricultural products encourage local farmers to run a hydroponic system in meeting market needs so that they have high economic value and can improve the welfare of local farmers.

Multiple values from the forest: contribution of non-timber forest products to livelihoods of local communities in Northeastern Thailand

Local residents near forests often collect non-timber forest products (NTFPs) for a variety of reasons, including food, medicine, firewood, religious reasons, or to produce handicrafts. This study focused on NTFP collection in the Phu Sritan forest in northeastern Thailand. Interviews were conducted with 568 residents to understand which NTFPs were collected, how the NTFPs are used, and how much income is generated. We found that 96% of those surveyed visit the local forest to collect NTFPs, mushrooms were the most frequently collected item, and the average income per year from NTFPs was $19 US. Also, most interviewees were not processing the raw materials collected, meaning that a value-added process for the NTFPs in the future could result in higher income possibility. We recommend that future research should focus on individual species that are under extreme NTFP collection pressures, and that harvest amounts should be measured and documented.

Spatial distribution of rice productivity utilizes sentinel-2A and NDVI algorithm in Nagrak Sub-district, Sukabumi Regency

Rice is a commodity of rice-producing food crops that plays a vital role in the Indonesian economy. For anticipating increased food needs, accurate information about the amount of harvest becomes very important. Information on the number of harvests, one of which can be known by estimating rice productivity. Rice productivity estimation can be monitored by remote sensing. This study used a remote sensing approach by employing satellite imagery from Sentinel-2A sensors to generate vegetation index. This study used NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) to determine rice plants’ age and estimate rice productivity. This study analyzes rice productivity and the spatial distribution of rice crop productivity in the Nagrak Sub-district, Sukabumi Regency. The results of this study are Sentinel 2-A and algorithm could provide rice productivity estimation and know the range of the largest rice productivity is greater than 6 ton per hectare, which is widely spread at an altitude of 500 -1000 meter above sea level and a slope of 8 to 15 percent, and a distance of 0 - 150 meters from the river.

Обзор источников освещения для тепличных хозяйств и фабрик растений

Phyto-emitters for plants are used to grow vegetables in cold climates all year round and to increase the yield in places with insufficient solar radiation. In recent years, the crop lighting industry has been undergoing innovative changes. Thanks to light-emitting diodes, the market for plant lighting is growing rapidly. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in studying the market of lighting for crop production, analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of various phyto-emitters for growing plants in closed agroecosystems. (Materials and methods) The article presents a review on the state of the vegetable growing sector in the closed ground in Russia, as well as works on phyto-emitters for growing plants. The collected materials on phyto-emitters were classified and analyzed, and the prospects for their implementation were proposed. Authors used the methods of a systematic approach. (Results and discussion) The possibilities of light-emitting diodes and arc sodium tube lamps were studied. The device of phyto-emitters on top of the canopy of high vegetable crops leads to an uneven distribution of light, LED irradiators in the aisle leads to an increase in the amount of harvest. It was found that LED lamps are more effective for shelving plant cultivation. In cold climates, plant factories can be more rational than greenhouses with additional illumination under LED lighting. LED irradiators for crop production were classified according to the type of lamp. The article lists the most popular types of phyto-emitters based on LEDs. LED lighting systems designed to provide a sufficient level of photosynthetically active radiation are ideal for growing plants. (Conclusions) The selection of the spectrum of photosynthetically active radiation for plants can accelerate their growth and development, improve the quality of plants and fruits. Despite the impressive characteristics of LED irradiators, arc sodium tube lamps continue to be competitive when used as the main lighting in greenhouses.

Multiband Patch Antenna Design Using Nature-Inspired Optimization Method

Radio frequency energy harvesting has attracted considerable interest as a technique of enabling self-powered wireless networks. This technique faces several challenges, such as the receiving and the rectifying modules of a rectenna system. Multiband antennas provide several comparative advantages against the goal of maximizing the amount of energy harvesting. In this work, we present a multiband microstrip patch antenna with three slits operating in the LoRaWAN (Long Range Wide Area Network) and the cellular (GSM-1800 and UMTS) communication frequency bands. A feasible solution of the antenna is obtained by the application of a recently introduced nature-inspired optimization technique, namely the Coyote Optimization Algorithm. The proposed antenna operates satisfactorily in the LoRaWAN (Long Range Wide Area Network) and the cellular (GSM-1800 and UMTS) communication frequency bands. Measured results of the proposed antenna exhibit an acceptable performance (multiband frequency operation, maximum gain of 3.94 dBi, broadside operation) and demonstrate features of operation, which make it a strong candidate for various RF energy harvesting applications.

Palm oil plantation waste handling by smallholder and the correlation with the land fire

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: From August to October 2019, several provinces in Sumatra and Kalimantan had faced severe forest fires, causing thousands of citizens to suffer respiratory disorders. This study aims to assess waste handling in palm oil plantation manage by smallholders and the correlation palm oil plantation waste handling with the fireland in Sumatera, especially on Jambi province. METHODS: Primary data collection was conducted in September 2019, and a purposive random sampling method was used to select respondents. Primary data collection was applied for four hundred smallholders in five districts in Jambi using a mixed method. FINDINGS: Out of 400 correspondents that handle their waste, 50% of respondents handle the residues by stacking the waste on their field, 25% of correspondents stack the waste between trees, 17.25% of correspondents stack the waste on piles, 5% of them bury the posts, and 2.75% incinerate the waste. The average distance from home to the field for 200 correspondents is 8.825 kilometres, and they have the highest harvest quantity with a mean of 1.0940 tons. Most of them are common smallholders and self-subsistent smallholders. The 298 correspondents join a farming association. About 50% of smallholders in Jambi handle the residues by stacking the wastes on their field instead of incinerating the waste. CONCLUSION: Out of the overall samples collected in this study, only 2.75% smallholders in Jambi incinerate their residues. Hence, the fire breakouts happened on several provinces in Sumatera and Kalimantan in late 2019 did not happen due to crude palm oil waste-handling activities.

FACTORS INFLUENCING SMALL FARMERS’ PARTICIPATION IN THE EXTENSION OF TEA FARMING: A CASE OF ILAM, NEPAL

Tea is one of Ilam’s most significant sources of foreign exchange as well as a source of employment and income for the farmers. The quality of Ilam tea is actually among the best in the world but the quantity is still a challenge. In order to increase the quantity of the orthodox tea, farmers are encouraged to extend tea farms. The extension of land under tea cultivation in previous years, Importance of being a member of a cooperative, the source of credit, off-farm employment, the harvest quantity influenced extension positively to farmers while education level, the main occupation did not influence the participation of the farmers in the extension of tea farming. Based on the results the study recommends increasing the farmer’s awareness to join the cooperative. It is suggested that the tea factory and infrastructures should be made easily available to minimize costs and increase benefits. The factors influencing small farmers' participation within the extension of tea farming were studied using both primary and secondary source of data through interviews with 196 tea farmers in Jitpur and Mangalbare areas of Ilam district as a case study. The participants were involved in tea cultivation at least for the last five years. In this study, a detailed analysis of the factors have been carried out. KEYWORDS- cooperative, extension, factors, orthodox tea, small farmers

Assessment of Safe Cartilage Harvesting Quantity in the Shoulder: A Cadaveric Study

PurposeTo evaluate the volume and yield of morselized cartilage that can be harvested from the shoulder for immediate reimplantation and repair.MethodsA standard arthroscopic approach was used to harvest non–load-bearing cartilage from 5 cadaveric shoulder specimens. Cartilage was separated from the humerus, grasped, added to the cartilage particulator, and morselized to form a cartilage paste. The volume of reclaimed cartilage was measured and compared with average humeral and glenoid defects.ResultsThe total yield of cartilage paste following tissue processing that was obtained from the 5 glenohumeral joints ranged from 1.0 mL to 2.4 mL with a mean volume of 1.9 ± 0.5 mL, yielding a theoretical 18.6 cm2 ± 5.2 cm2 of coverage with a 1-mm monolayer. Previously reported mean glenoid defect size ranges from 1.12 cm2 to 2.73 cm2, while the mean humeral defect size ranges from 4.22 cm2 to 6.00 cm2.ConclusionsThis study validated that through a single-stage surgical and processing technique it is possible to obtain a sufficient volume for re-implantable autologous morselized cartilage graft to address most glenohumeral articular cartilage defects.Clinical RelevanceChondrocyte grafts have been shown to be effective in cartilage repair. A single-site, single-staged procedure that uses a patient’s autologous shoulder cartilage from the same joint has the potential to reduce morbidity associated with multiple surgical sites, multistaged procedures, or nonautologous tissue in shoulder surgery.

Sustainable food colours

Sustainable food colours

EVALUASI SISTEM PREMI PANEN TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN PANEN PADA PERKEBUNAN KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) DI PT. SENTOSA KALIMANTAN JAYA

This research is motivated by the company imposing a premium system on harvest employees with the aim of encouraging harvest employees to work even harder, so as to provide results in increasing the quality and quantity of harvest which will result in profits for the company. Therefore the aim of this research is to be able to evaluate the harvest premium system on the performance of oil palm harvest employees and to identify the characteristics of harvest employees in the Afdeling scope of an oil palm plantation company.
 The research method used is to take primary data in the form of observations and observations, field data, documentation, questionnaires and secondary data in the form of documents from the company with the sample method is the Slovin formula which is done randomly with the number of respondents 26 harvest employees then process the data using rock microsoft office. The data analysis method used is a simple descriptive statistical method using the data and information obtained and the Likert scale.
 The results of this study indicate that the harvest premium system implemented by PT. Sentosa Kalimantan Jaya (SKJ) is already good and has become a motivation for harvesters to work productively with results that can exceed the base or harvest target set by the company. On average, the harvester was able to harvest 255 jugs / person while the base was 135 for Afdeling 4 and the average harvester was able to harvest 245 jubils / person while the base was 135 for Afdeling 5, the difference was thought to be due to differences in the abilities of each worker. , differences in land conditions and crops harvested. Characteristics of respondents related to the performance parameters of harvest employees, from the age factor that is dominated is the productive age of 20-40 years in terms of working, the sex of harvest employees as a whole is male as many as 26 respondents, the majority of harvest employees are educated at elementary school (elementary school) Most of the existing employees also have sufficient 2-4 years of experience, this is a sufficiently supportive factor for the success of harvest employees. Harvest employee performance of PT. Sentosa Kalimantan Jaya (SKJ) has performed very well (4.76) due to quantity, quality, timeliness and attendance.

Economic Reliable Technique for Tunnel Grafting Using Iliac Crest Bone Graft in Two-Staged Revision Anterior Cruciate Ligament Surgery

Revision anterior cruciate ligament surgery is a technically demanding procedure. Mal-positioned tunnels together with bone loss and its management are some of the difficulties and challenges faced. Two-staged procedures have successfully been used to tackle those challenges. We present a technique that is safe, reliable, reproducible, and economic in the management of bone defects faced in anterior cruciate ligament revision surgery by using iliac crest bone graft. Preoperative assessment of tunnel position and size is done by computed tomography. Tri-cortical iliac crest bone graft is harvested through a trap door. It is then shaped to fit the tunnels to be filled. It is tapered at the advancing end to facilitate introduction. Mounted on a passing pin and a drill bit, the graft is arthroscopically introduced into the femoral and tibial tunnels. The second stage is performed after the graft has incorporated, as seen on postoperative computed tomography, done at approximately 3 months after the first stage. Iliac crest provides a natural abundant reservoir for bone graft and has all the advantages of being an autograft. With good meticulous technique, complications can be avoided with less donor-site morbidity. This technique is safe, reliable, and reproducible. It provides an ample amount of graft and harvest does not rely on implants; hence, it is economic.

Rainwater harvesting in residential areas of arid and semi-arid regions (case study: Torbat-e Jam, Iran).

Nowadays, rainwater harvesting systems, particularly on the roof of the buildings in residential areas could be considered as a managerial procedure to reduce water crisis. This efficient method is being investigated and implemented in different countries all around the world. This study was conducted on the estimation of rainfall, runoff coefficient, and the calculation of the optimized tank volume and the total harvested amount of rainwater on the roofs of the residential areas in Torbat-e Jam. It is noteworthy to mention that the roofs’ surfaces are covered by waterproofing. This study aimed to estimate the amount of the harvested rainwater in the study area, and to apply this method in different areas of Torbat-e Jam, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. According to the results, the values of the roofs’ runoff coefficient and average rainfall were 0.9 and 154 mm, respectively. The results of the tank volume sensitivity analysis showed that the average peak 24-hour rainfall is the best rainfall index to calculate the tank volume. The total harvested amount of rainwater was 5,606 m3 considering the total surface of the roofs and the annual rainfall in the study area. Applying this procedure in other areas of Torbat-e Jam, the harvested rainwater was estimated as 772,806 m3. This amount of harvest resulted in 15.5% water saving.

The Energy and Environmental Potential of Waste from the Processing of Hulled Wheat Species

Organic farmers farming on arable land have often had, in addition to the cultivation of common species of cultivated crops (such as wheat, rye, triticale or potatoes), interest in the cultivation of marginal crops such as hulled wheat species (Einkorn, Emmer and Spelt wheat). The production of marginal cereals has seen significant developments in the European Union related to the development of the organic farming sector. Just the average annual organic production of spelt in the Czech Republic reached more than 9000 tons in 2018. The cultivation of these cereals requires post-harvest treatment in the special method of dehulling. The waste emerging after dehulling of spikelet (i.e., chaff) accounts for about 30% of the total amount of harvest and can be used as an alternative fuel material. When considering the energy utilization of this waste, it is also necessary to obtain information on the energy quality of the material, as well as environmental aspects linked to their life cycle. For evaluating the energy parameters, the higher and lower heating value, based on the elemental (CHNS) analysis, was determined. The environmental aspects were determinate according to the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology where the system boundary includes all the processes from cradle to farm gate, and the mass unit was chosen. The SimaPro v9.1.0.11 software and ReCiPe Midpoint (H) within the characterization model was used for the data expression. The results predict the energy potential of chaff about 50–90 TJ per year. The results of this study show that in some selected impact categories, 1 kg of chaff, as a potential fuel, represents a higher load on the environment than 1 kg of lignite, respectively potential energy gain (1 GJ) from the materials.

Potensi Sumber Energi Terbarukan dari Biomassa yang Berasal dari Sumber Daya Alam di Balikpapan

Biomass energy sources have several advantages, such as being used as a renewable energy source so that the energy source from biomass can provide a sustainable energy source. One of the first steps to determine the potential of energy resources that can be developed into renewable energy sources is by collecting data. The data collection carried out in this study focuses more on the biomass found in Balikpapan. The biomass potential in Balikpapan needs to be known by collecting and classifying the biomass data based on products from agriculture and plantations. The data that has been collected from secondary data and from surveys are then mapped to see the greatest biomass potential found in Balikpapan. The largest percentage of crop yields per year is found in North Balikpapan Subdistrict, which is 31% compared to five other sub-districts. The potential of biomass from Balikpapan City's natural resources, which the greatest amount of harvest, is the cassava food plant in North Balikpapan sub-district of 7,259 tons / year. In the type of fruit, snakefruit (salak) has the highest number of yields per year, which is about32,945 tons / year. The potential for waste from food plants, cassava waste originating from tree trunks, is 5,807.2 tons / year, and cassava skin is 1,088.8 tons / year

MARO TRADITION IN BANYUMAS COMMUNITY

This article discusses the Maro tradition of Banyumas commu- nity, whose existence is endangered by the modernization. Maro is a tradition dealing with agriculture profit share between a landowner and the cultivators by dividing the harvest into two equal parts, half is for the landowner, and the other half is for the cultivator. Maro is commonly applied for dividing the net profit, i.e. the amount of harvest minus the expenses of plantation processes. This tradition enables the low social- economy class to survive as they get the fair benefit for their efforts. The data of this research were collected through interviewing the people en- gaged in the Maro tradition as well as literary studies from previous re- searches related to the topic. This research finds that maro tradition in Banyumas has been popular since the arrival of tarekat in this region. The lands owned by kyai were rented to the cultivators whose payment is given in the form of profit-sharing, called Maro. With such a system, the profit is shared fairly to the cultivators who have done a lot of effort in producing rice. This system meets Islamic values, which emphasize profit sharing based on efforts and work performances. The landowners give freedom to the cultivators, and the net harvest obtained is divided equally between the two parties. Maro system, which was carried out with an oral contract, is considered not to burden the cultivators because of the clear counting system and easy procedures. Social solidarity is also formed in this tradition, it employs people to help the planting and harvesting process, called sambatan.

A long-term pilot-scale algal cultivation on power plant flue gas – Cultivation stability and biomass accumulation

A long-term culture of a selected freshwater microalgal assemblage on power plant flue gas was realized using a pilot-scale photobioreactor. Different culture conditions of light cycle, harvesting amount, pH stabilization, and sulfur addition were tested during a 12-month continuous operation at a natural gas fired power plant. The results concluded that the daily harvesting amount of 60% with no light-cycle and NH4NO3 as the nitrogen source and pH stabilization agent, resulted in optimal cultivation performance. Biomass concentration and biomass productivity reached 1.07 ± 0.23 g L−1 and 0.43 ± 0.14 g L−1 d−1, respectively. During the year-long cultivation period, the algal assemblage was relatively stable with average abundances of 88 ± 4% and 12 ± 4% for algae and bacteria, respectively, and no significant differences between individual case scenarios. The stable culture fostered a stable biomass composition. Protein, carbohydrate, and lipid contents of the algal biomass were 58.60 ± 2.41%, 19.5 ± 2.44%, and 9.70 ± 1.68%, respectively.

Features of formation of productivity of sugar beets hybrids of domestic breeding

Purpose. To reveal features of formation of productivity of modern sugar beet hybrids of domestic selection.Methods. Field, laboratory.Results. Studies show that the lowest yields of sugar beets were obtained in 2016, 2017 and 2019. Moreover, the conditions of the unstable humidification zone of the Right-Bank part of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine were mainly characterized by unstable precipitation, a decrease in their amount, as well as increased average daily air temperatures. Therefore, the selection of high-yielding hybrids of sugar beets to obtain a high level of productivity is relevant. As evidenced by the data comparing the yield of sugar beet root crops on the test site, they significantly exceeded the average indicators for Kiev region by 10.7–20.0 t/ha, and only in arid 2016 the difference was minimal – 4.6 t/ha. The high stability of the trait “sugar content in root crops” is inherent not only in hybrids with low parameters of its manifestation, but is largely determined by the genetic characteristics of the hybrid. Three clusters were identified based on the reaction of hybrids to growing conditions. The first cluster included triploid hybrids: ‘Zluka’, ‘Oleksandriia, ‘Olzhych’, ‘Kvarta’ and ‘Konstanta’, the second one – the triploid hybrid ‘BTs ChS 57’ and diploid ‘Vesto’, the third cluster - the triploid hybrid ‘Sofiia’ and diploid ‘Ukrainskyi ChS 72’.Conclusions. Proper selection of high-yielding hybrids resistant to adverse growing conditions in the zone of unstable moisture of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine is extremely important, because the biological characteristics of hybrids affect 45% of the amount of sugar harvest, but the growing season by 33% and the interaction of factors was 17%. It was found that despite the difficult weather conditions, the highest yields were formed by hybrids: ‘Anichka’ – 70.1 t/ha, ‘Ramzes’ – 70.5 t/ha, ‘Romul’ – 73.0 t/ha and ‘BTs ChS 57’ – 73.4 t/ha. But the maximum sugar content in root crops was in hybrids: ‘Ukrainskyi ChS 72’ – 17.3%, ‘Zluka’ – 17.3% and ‘Sofiia’ – 17.7%. Accordingly, the maximum sugar harvest was provided by hybrids: ‘BTs ChS 57’ – 12.1 t/ha and ‘Romul’ – 12.2 t/ha.

Sifat Kimia dan Organoleptik Permen Jelly Buah Naga (Hylocereus Polyrhizus) dengan Penambahan Karagenan sebagai Gelling Agent

ABSTRACT
 Dragon fruit is an Indonesian agricultural commodity that contains many essential nutrients for the body. Dragon fruit is known to reduce cholesterol and balance blood sugar levels in the body. Unfortunately, dragon fruit is easily damaged. In addition, dragon fruit also often experiences price declines especially when the amount of harvest is abundant. Therefore, efforts are needed to process dragon fruit into processed products of high economic value; one example is to process them into jelly candies. In this research, jelly candies were made from dragon fruit by using carrageenan as a gelling agent. This study aims to determine the chemical properties and the level of preference of panelists on dragon fruit jelly candy with the addition of carrageenan at different concentrations. The experimental design used in this study is a completely randomized design with 1 treatment factor, namely the difference in carrageenan concentration (3%, 5%, and 7%). The results showed that the water content of dragon fruit jelly candy at all levels of carrageenan concentration had fulfilled SNI-3547-2-2008 with an average value ranging from 4.78 to 6.61% (maximum water content according to SNI was 20%). And the ash content required by SNI-3547-2-2008 for jelly candy is 3% according to the treatment of adding 3% carrageenan with a value of 2.91%. The organoleptic test showed that the best treatment that panelists prefer is the treatment with the addition of 3% carrageenan with an average value of aroma 3.33 (somewhat like), color 3.60 (like), taste 3.53 (like) and texture 3.45 (somewhat like).

A systematic review of local to regional yield forecasting approaches and frequently used data resources

Abstract Forecasting crop yields, or providing an expectation of ex-ante harvest amounts, is highly relevant to the whole agricultural production chain. Farmers can adapt their management, traders or insurers their pricing schemes, suppliers their stocks, logistic companies their routes, national authorities their food balance sheets to guide import or export and, finally, international aid organizations can mobilize reliefs. Evidence has grown in the literature that such forecasts with a meaningful lead time are possible on various geographic scales and for a broad range of crops. Here, we present a systematic review of the methods applied in end-of-season yield forecasting and three frequently used data sources: weather data, satellite data and crop masks. Our literature database comprises 362 studies (2004–2019) which were evaluated regarding methods, crops, regions, data sources, lead time and performance. Moreover, we present 24 sources of real-time and predictive weather data, 21 sources of remote sensing data and 16 crop masks. Yield forecasting in our literature sample has been performed for 44 crops in 71 countries, also including many non-staple crops, but with an apparent bias in regions and crops. Forecasting performance depends on various factors, including crop, region, method, lead time to harvest and input diversity. Our systematic review supports a broader application of locally successful approaches at larger scales by providing a comprehensive, accessible compendium of necessary information for yield forecasting. We discuss improvement potentials with respect to methodological approaches and available data sources. We additionally suggest standardization procedures for future forecasting studies and encourage studying additional crops and geographic regions. Implications of forecasts for different target groups on different scales and the adaptation towards climate change are also discussed.