Harsh Service Environment Research Articles

A review of near‐net shape forming by hot isostatic pressure technology

AbstractNear‐net shaping hot isostatic pressing (NNS‐HIP) forming process has the advantage of high material utilization ratio and good uniformity of billet microstructure. It is widely used to produce critical parts for harsh service environments in special fields such as aerospace and energy and chemical industry. This paper introduces the process characteristics and production flow of hot isostatic near‐net forming, the representative materials of hot isostatic near‐net forming, the development and application at home and abroad, and the micro‐ and macromodels of numerical simulation powder densification by HIP near‐net forming. Finally, the challenges and development trends of this technology are prospected, and corresponding countermeasures are put forward.

Solution for time-dependent resilience in the presence of gradual deterioration of performance

In this paper, a closed-form method is developed for the evaluation of time-dependent resilience (so named as it is a function of the service time of interest) of an aging object (e.g., a structure or system). These structures and systems often suffer from the deterioration of performances in a harsh service environment, causing the decline of serviceability. They are thus expected to be sufficiently resilient during their service lives, i.e., to have the ability to withstand disruptions to their performances. The proposed method takes into account the uncertainty associated with the performance deterioration process, the availability of resources that support the performance recovery, and the impact of a changing environment. The accuracy and improved efficiency of the proposed method are demonstrated through three examples. It is also shown through sensitivity analysis that the impact of a changing environment, and the availability of recovery-supporting resources play an essential role in the time-dependent resilience. The proposed resilience method can also be used to efficiently guide the design of new structures that meet predefined resilience goals.

Experimental study on the effects of temperature on mechanical properties of 3D printed continuous carbon fiber reinforced polymer (C[sbnd]CFRP) composites

Design for safety of 3D printed continuous carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CCFRP) composites remains challenging for accommodating harsh service environments with a wide range of temperatures. To investigate thermal effects on mechanical properties and failure mechanism of CCFRP materials, this study carried out a series of experimental tests on the laminates with layups of [0]n, [90]n and [0/90]n for tension, as well as [±45]n for in-plane shearing. The application of classical laminate theory and rule of mixtures to the 3D printed CCFRP composites under varying temperatures is then evaluated. The results indicate that the transverse elastic modulus/strength and in-plane shear modulus/strength increase at a low temperature, but all the mechanical properties decrease at a high temperature. Notably, an unexpected decrease in strength of [0/90]n laminates is observed when the temperature drops from −10 °C to −40 °C. Significant strain concentrations are visualized during tensile experiments at high temperature through the digital image correlation (DIC) technique. With increasing temperature, the [0]n laminates undergo a transition from an explosive to a jagged failure mode, while the [90]n laminates shift from brittle to ductile failure. The alteration is attributed to decrease in the mechanical properties of both the matrix and the matrix fiber interface, as revealed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. It is found that although the classical laminate theory exhibits an acceptable prediction accuracy for the 3D printed CCFRP composites under varying temperature conditions, the rule of mixtures is not applicable. For this reason, the new formulations for the rule of mixtures are then proposed to enable accurate predictions for 3D printed CCFRP composites under different temperatures. This study is anticipated to provide insightful understanding on mechanical properties and failure mechanisms for 3D printed CCFRP composites at different temperatures.

A combined RF–GRNN algorithm for monitoring complex damage of bolted joints with high-level robustness

Bolted joints in aerospace, rail transportation, civil engineering, and other applications are prone to various forms of damage, such as bolt loosening and crack, due to the harsh service environments. The difficulties arising from crosstalk and nonlinear evaluation between composite damage and single damage at bolted joints in practical monitoring environments are particularly pronounced. In response to this challenge, we propose an integrated algorithm, namely the random forest-generalized regression neural network (RF–GRNN) algorithm, characterized by high-level robustness. The proposed algorithm adheres to the core concept of “specificity” and forms a multi-task prediction framework of “classification before regression.” This approach enables efficient damage assessment and mitigates the nonlinear complexity of the prediction model. To evaluate the effectiveness of the RF–GRNN algorithm, its generalization, robustness, and prediction accuracy based on the piezoelectric ultrasonic guided wave principle under 0%–10% noise (the corresponding minimum signal-to-noise ratio was 10.4 dB) interference were investigated. Additionally, we clarify the impact of feature selection and its combination method on the algorithm’s prediction performance, deciphering the intrinsic link between prediction performance and feature distribution. The results demonstrate that the presented algorithm achieves the accurate classification and quantification of multiple bolted structural states, including no damage, crack, loosening, and crack-loosening composite damage. Therefore, the RF–GRNN algorithm is an important attempt to solve the bottleneck present in existing damage monitoring techniques which fail to balance the identification and quantification of multiple damage models.

A high bonding tensile strength of CFRP ultrafast laser surface texturing method for surface damage repair

Carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite (CFRP) has a wide range of applications in aerospace, but it can cause varying degrees of damage in harsh service environments. Seeking a high-performance repair method is an effective way to save costs and ensure the service performance of CFRP components. In this study, a high bonding tensile strength of CFRP surface ultrafast laser texturing method for damage repair was proposed, which achieved complete removal of surface resin while retaining intact exposed fiber filaments. The difference in groove processing under unidirectional scanning and cross-scanning modes at different angles was explored. When the groove spacing was 0.2 mm and 0.4 mm, the surface resin was completely removed, the carbon fiber remained intact, and no debris was inside the groove. The groove morphology has a significant impact on the contact zone of the surface, which in turn affects the mechanical properties of the bonded joint. Cross-scanning can effectively improve surface roughness to increase the contact surface area. However, there is more fiber breakage, manifested as a groove weakening effect, which limits the improvement of bonding strength. In the 0° unidirectional scanning mode, the tensile performance of the joint is the best, improved by 61.6 % compared to manual processing.

Surface phosphating modification of FeCoNiMn high-entropy alloys for efficient electromagnetic-wave absorption performances

FeCoNi-based magnetic high-entropy alloys (HEAs) have attracted much attention as an emerging electromagnetic-wave absorbing (EMA) material. In this study, FeCoNiMn HEAs flake powders were prepared by high-energy ball-milling and phosphating using phosphoric acid-anhydrous ethanol solutions. The micro-morphology, static magnetic properties, corrosion resistance, high-temperature oxidation resistance and EMA performances of the samples were systematically investigated. The results showed that the phosphate protective film can be generated on the powder surface by phosphating treatment, which enhanced dielectric loss and improved the corrosion resistance and high-temperature oxidation resistance of HEAs. The #P50 had a minimum reflection loss of −62.4 dB at 10.7 GHz and an effective bandwidth of 4.1 GHz. Therefore, the phosphated HEAs have excellent EMA performances and great adaptability to harsh service environments, which provide a new idea for the study of EMA materials.

Construction of gradient structure C/C–ZrC–SiC composites with good ablation resistance

With the upgrade of aircraft and the increasingly harsh service environment, it is urgent to develop high-performance thermal structural materials. In this study, inspired by foliar and root water uptake of trees, we propose a one-step facile method to achieve an autonomous gradient in C/C–ZrC–SiC sharp leading edge composites. The gradual increase of SiC content from top to bottom is beneficial to improve the heat transfer capacity of the composites. After oxyacetylene ablation for 60 s, the mass and linear ablation rates of the samples with gradient structure are 0.83 mg/s and 0.5 μm/s, 35 % and 83 % lower than conventional samples. The composites with gradient structure of ZrC and SiC are favorable to the formation of a compact and smooth ZrO2 oxide protective layer, which not only protects the composites from further penetration of O2, but also resists the mechanical denudation. The novel gradient structure composites with enhanced ablation resistance show a bright application prospect in next-generation thermal protection systems.

Experimental and numerical investigation on low-velocity impact damage and parametric study of composite rotor blades

Modern helicopter rotor blades are made of composite materials. Due to the harsh service environment, the blades may be impacted by hail and other falling objects at low velocity. The damage behavior of composite rotor blades subjected to low-velocity impact is studied here. Low-velocity impact experiment is conducted on a composite helicopter rotor blade, and the impact force and the damage are measured. Based on the experiment, a finite element model is developed and validated to predict the impact damage of the blade. With the model, a parametric study is performed to investigate the effects of impact energy, impact locations, and foam core on impact responses of the composite blades. The results show that the rib is the most vulnerable part to damage, associated with severe deformation, and delamination rapid expanding under low-velocity impact. The foam crush region is close to the blade top surface below the impact point. The interface between the skin and internal part is especially sensitive to increase in impact energy. Impacts near the leading edge produce higher impact force, while impacts near the trailing edge cause large deformation and small impact force. Better impact performance will be achieved when modulus and density of the foam are increased.

Hygrothermal aging mechanism of epoxy composites used for medium-frequency transformers

The integration of medium-frequency transformer design and the harsh service environment raise higher demands for the medium-frequency insulation performance of epoxy composites. As epoxy composite's frequency response characteristics and sensitivity to moisture intrusion are still unknown, its application as the insulation materials of medium-frequency transformers under hygrothermal conditions is limited. This paper investigates the mechanism of moisture intrusion damage to the molecular structure of the epoxy resin matrix and its cross-linking points with the curing agent. The regularity of medium-frequency insulation performance degradation of epoxy composites after hygrothermal aging is studied. Results indicate that after 40 days of hygrothermal aging, moisture together with high temperature damaged the main chain of the epoxy resin and its cross-linking points with the curing agent, resulting in a 23 °C decrease in the glass transition temperature and an 82 % decrease in cross-linking density of the epoxy composite. Moisture ionization and the increase of carriers due to epoxy resin hydrolysis lead to an increase in the amount of space charge. The temperature rise caused by dipole steering polarization facilitates the formation of internal conductive pathways in the epoxy composite, resulting in a 73 % decrease in the medium-frequency breakdown strength and a four-order magnitude decrease in the medium-frequency volume resistivity of the epoxy composite. This study can guide the insulation design of high-reliability medium-frequency transformers.

Mn-doped 0.67BiFeO3-0.33BaTiO3 ceramic sensor for high-temperature structural health monitoring

Real-time monitoring of structural health status is very important for supersonic aircraft, since the long-term operation in harsh service environments, such as high temperatures, can cause potential damage. Structural health monitoring (SHM) based on lamb wave has been approved to be a critical technique for the reliable operation of supersonic aircraft, but is limited by the operating temperature of conventional piezoelectric sensors, which makes it difficult to meet the high-temperature monitoring requirements. The BiFeO3–BaTiO3 ceramics exhibit excellent piezoelectric properties and high Curie temperature (Tc), making them promising for high-temperature SHM of supersonic aircraft. Here, we fabricated a piezoelectric sensor using 0.67BiFeO3-0.33BaTiO3-0.25%molMnO2 (BF33BTMN-025) ceramic, which exhibits a piezoelectric charge constant (d33) of 135 pC/N at room temperature and a Tc of 448 °C. The BF33BTMN-025 ceramic sensor operates effectively at temperatures up to 200 °C and maintains stable damage monitoring sensitivity as well. Compared with Pb(Zr, Ti)O3 (PZT), BaTiO3 (BTO) and other piezoelectric sensors commonly used in SHM field, the BF33BTMN-025 ceramic sensor has a higher operating temperature and a comparable sensitivity. Our work demonstrates that the BF33BTMN-025 ceramic sensor can be employed as piezoelectric sensor for high-temperature SHM, which has a wide application potential in the field of real-time monitoring of supersonic aircraft.

One-step facile pathway synthesis of PAPXD/1214-PEA thermoplastic elastomer: Structure and properties

In this study, a novel and facile one-step synthesis route was conducted to prepare semi-aromatic polyamide elastomer (PAPXD/1214-PEA) with p-phenylenediamine, dodecane diamine, dodecanedioic acid and polyether amine (PEA) as monomers. A systematic investigation has been conducted into the effect of hard segment content on the thermal, mechanical and solvent resistance of polymers when semi-aromatic polyamides are used as hard segments. It was found that the melting point of the copolymers gradually increased from 191.2 °C to 231.5 °C with the hard segment content increased from 39 % to 76 %, while the Vicat softening temperature (VST) enhanced from 103.2 °C to 192.2 °C. Compared with the commercial polyamide elastomer Pebax@ (produced by Arkema Inc) with similar hard segment contents, the VST of PAPXD14/1214-PEA were 17.4–66.2 °C higher. The mechanical performance of these elastomers was also largely improved with tensile strength increasing from 15.1 to 40.6 MPa, Young's modulus from 28.2 to 168.7 MPa, toughness from 91.1 to 170.7 MJ/m3. In addition, the solvent resistance properties of PAPXD14/1214-PEA was compared with the commercial polyamide elastomer Pebax@. After soaking in hydrochloric acid for 24 h, the tensile strength of PAPXD/1214-PEA with the hard segment content increased from 50 % to 63 % decreased down to 9.4 and 14.4 MPa, respectively. While the commercial polyamide elastomer Pebax@ (with similar hard segment content) decreased down to 1.5 and 4.3 MPa, indicating the commercial polyamide elastomer products were deteriorated. This suggests the corrosion resistance of the synthesized PAPXD/1214-PEA is much better than that of commercial product, and these semi-aromatic polyamide elastomers can be potentially applied in some harsh service environment especially for high temperature and corrosion sealing.

A Composite Superhydrophobic, Photothermal Coating by Modified Carbon Nanotubes and the Study of Its Anti‐Icing/Deicing Behavior

Linearly structured carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are intertwined to form complex micro‐ and nanoscale structural undulations, and the structural undulations of the coating are further enhanced using large‐size nano‐SiO2. It can be prepared by the composite superhydrophobic coating (S‐C coating) with contact angle of 165.3° and sliding angle of 1°. Small‐size nano‐SiO2 can doped into the 3D‐network structure formed by the CNTs and act as anchor points to fix the structure. This enhances the stability of the coating as well as the abrasion resistance. The coating exhibits good long‐term durability and the ability to face harsh service environments. Due to the presence of the air layer with low heat transfer rate on the coating surface, the S‐C coating demonstrates good anti‐icing properties compared to the uncoated tinplate. By the lower surface free energy and contact area with the ice layer of the coating, the coating also exhibits good deicing performance. The ice adhesion strength of the coating is only 11.5 kPa. The photothermal properties of CNTs and the ability of the micro‐ and nanostructure to reflect light enable the coating to exhibit excellent photothermal properties. This also accelerates the melting and shedding of the ice layer on the coating.

Oxidation Behavior of Pre-Strained Polycrystalline Ni3Al-Based Superalloy.

The harsh service environment of aeroengine hot-end components requires superalloys possessing excellent antioxidant properties. This study investigated the effect of pre-strain on the oxidation behavior of polycrystalline Ni3Al-based superalloys. The growth behaviors of oxidation products were analyzed by scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The results indicated that the 5% pre-strained alloys exhibited lower mass gain, shallower oxidation depth and more compact oxide film structures compared to the original alloy. This is mainly attributed to the formation of rapid diffusion paths for Al atoms diffusing to the surface under 5% pre-strain, which promotes the faster formation of protective Al2O3 film while continuing to increase the pre-strain to 25% results in less protective transient oxidation behavior being aggravated due to the increase in dislocation density within the alloy, which prevents the timely formation of the protective Al2O3 film, resulting in uneven oxidation behavior on the alloy.

Key role of gradient-nanostructure and extremely thin amorphous passive film on tribocorrosion behavior of a novel Cr+N alloyed high-Mn austenitic steel

High manganese steel is influenced by the combined effects of corrosion and wear during service under specific conditions, resulting in components with shortened service life. Under harsh service environments, newly developed Cr+N alloyed austenitic high manganese steel (Mn18Cr7C0.6N0.2 steel) as a new type of railway steel has shown promising results. Herein, the tribocorrosion behaviors of Mn18Cr7C0.6N0.2 and Mn13C1.1 steels in artificial acid rain were studied using electrochemical methods, field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM), scanning transmission electron microscopemicroscopy energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (STEM-EDS), and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). The results showed the formation of passive film and gradient-nanostructure on surfaces of both test steels during tribocorrosion. A dense and tightly adhering amorphous passive film was formed on Mn18Cr7C0.6N0.2 steel surface with a superior blocking effect toward invasive ions. The high strain resistance and plasticity of the Mn18Cr7C0.6N0.2 steel resulted in an intact gradient-nanostructure, suitable for obtaining high surface hardness and maintaining the toughness of the matrix, contribute to providing high wear resistance. The oxide film on the Mn13C1.1 steel surface comprised crystal α-FeOOH. Vortex cracks formed in its gradient structure due to strain localization. Meanwhile, the relatively poor corrosion protection ability and vortex cracks of its gradient-nanostructure prevented it from maintaining interface integrity of the gradient nanostructure, resulting in inferior tribocorrosion resistance. In artificial acid rain, the new type of Cr+N alloyed Mn18Cr7C0.6N0.2 steel exhibited higher tribocorrosion resistance than traditional high manganese steel, promising for use as an excellent wear-resistant material under corrosive environments.

A novel device for investigating the anti-melting loss performance of Ni60A coating on coppery tuyere

Coppery tuyere is a core component in iron-making blast furnace, mainly used for supplying hot air and injecting pulverized coal. Due to the harsh service environment, tuyeres are prone to failure by wear and melting loss. Surface coatings can significantly improve the wear resistance of copper surface, but their anti-melting loss performance is still a research blank. This paper designed a novel device for testing the anti-melting loss performance of coatings. The device included plasma melting-drop, induction preheating and infrared temperature control systems, which can simulate the process of coating being corroded by molten iron under service conditions. Anti-melting loss test results of Ni60A coating indicated that the molten iron and the γ-(Cu, Fe, Ni) solid solution in the coating can form metallurgical bonding by element diffusion, thus adhering on the coating surface. The continuous accumulation of iron will worsen the heat-transfer capability of tuyere, making it more likely to cause melting loss. Adding ceramics in the Ni60A alloy or developing coating materials with higher melting points are expected to improve the anti-melting loss performance of coatings on coppery tuyere.

Effect of Cooling Rate on Sulfide Stress Cracking Resistance of a Q345 Pressure Vessel Steel Subject to Hydrogen Sulfide

As an important equipment for the separation, store, and transport of the oil and natural gas in energy industry, the pressure vessels are subjected to harsh service environments of sulfide stress cracking (SSC). In this work, the effect of the cooling rate on the SSC susceptibility of a Q345 pressure vessel steel is studied. A pronounced distinction in microstructure is presented as the cooling rate is increased from ≈1 to ≈15 °C s−1. At ≈1 °C s−1, the microstructure is consisted of polygonal‐like ferrite and distinct banded pearlite. At ≈5 °C s−1, the microstructure is consisted of polygonal‐like ferrite and faintly banded pseudo‐pearlite. At ≈15 °C s−1, the microstructure is acicular ferrite with a complete elimination of banded structure. The cooling rate decides the level of the banded structure. As the cooling rate increases, the banded structure becomes relatively slight and even disappears. Strength in sort ascending is ≈1, ≈ 5, and ≈15 °C s−1. The SSC failure happens at ≈1 and ≈5 °C s−1, while does not happen at ≈15 °C s−1. The strength is not the only dominant factor responsible for the SSC failure. The SSC is preferentially generated at the banded structure. The elimination of the banded structure is necessary to improve the SSC resistance of the Q345 pressure vessel steel.

Investigation on self-healing polyurethane coating doped with lignin composites for protecting cementitious materials

Surface protective coatings are prone to cracking and failure due to the deformation of concrete structure itself and harsh service environment factors such as UV, ion erosion, and large temperature differences during the period of service. It is urgently required to develop new types of self-healing coatings to provide long-lasting protection for concrete structures and extend their service life. In this investigation, a lignin-based self-healing agent was prepared using aniline and lignin as raw materials. Its characterization was analyzed by SEM and FT-IR. By introducing the lignin-based healing agent and dynamic disulfide bonds, a new kind of self-healing polyurethane coating was prepared, and its self-healing ability was qualitatively and quantitatively evaluated, indicating that it had excellent self-healing performance. After self-healing process, the crack could withstand bending force. Moreover, with the increased temperature, the self-healing efficiency of tensile strength gradually increased, reaching a maximum of 86.42% at 60 ℃. Meanwhile, the self-healing efficiency of its elongation at break firstly increased and then gradually decreased, reaching a maximum of 93.77% at 40 ℃. This self-healing polyurethane coating had high hydrophobicity (139.4°) and excellent abrasion resistance. After 40 friction cycles, its hydrophobicity only decreased by 10.9% to 124.2°. In addition, this self-healing protective coating also showed excellent resistance to chloride ions, effectively protecting cementitious materials with the damaged surface. This work provides a new method for long-term protection of concrete structures.

Dynamic identification of coupler yaw angle of heavy haul locomotive: An optimal multi-task ELM-based method

The lateral instability of the couplers seriously threaten the operation safety of 20,000-tonne heavy-haul trains. It is essential to dynamically monitor the coupler yaw angle (CYA) in order to evaluate the operation stability of the train. However, the traditional direct measurement methods for CYA are hindered by the harsh service environment, making it difficult to maintain long-term stability in monitoring. To address these issues, within this paper a multi-task deep multiple kernel extreme learning machine (MT-DMKELM) is developed to quantitatively identify CYA based on the multi-channel relative displacements between the car body and frame (RDCFs). Firstly, the correlation of multi-channel RDCFs is analyzed based on the dynamics model, and the data fusion of strong correlation channels is achieved through an extreme learning machine auto-encoder. Then, a deep network for feature extraction is created by stacking numerous multiple kernel extreme learning machine auto-encoders. Further, the high-level abstract features are input to multiple kernel extreme learning machine for regression estimation of CYA. In addition, the optimal model parameters are obtained using the genetic mutation particle swarm optimization for MT-DMKELM to improve the CYA identification performance. Finally, both dynamics simulation and field test are conducted to confirm the capability of the proposed methods in CYA identification.

Experimental Study on the Compressive Strength and Fatigue Life of Cement Concrete under Temperature Differential Cycling

Concrete, as an engineering material with extremely wide applications, is widely used in various infrastructure projects such as bridges, highways, and large buildings. However, structures such as highways and bridges often need to be situated in variable and harsh service environments for long periods. They not only face cyclic reciprocating vehicle loads but also have to contend with the effects of temperature cycling. Therefore, studying the impact and mechanism of temperature differential cycling on the compressive strength and fatigue life of cement concrete has certain theoretical significance and practical value. This study employed a comprehensive experimental design to investigate cement concrete specimens subjected to typical temperature variations (20–60 °C) and different numbers of temperature differential cycling (0, 60, 120, 180, 240, 300). Axial compressive strength tests, ultrasonic tests, and compressive fatigue tests were conducted. The axial compressive strength test measured the compressive strength of the cement concrete. It was found that with an increase in the number of temperature differential cycling, the compressive strength exhibited a trend of an initial increase followed by a decrease: at 60 cycles, the strength increased by 10.8%, gradually declined; returned to near-initial strength at 120 cycles, and continued decreasing, reaching a decline of 19.4% at 300 cycles. The ultrasonic test measured the ultrasound velocity of the concrete specimens after different temperature differential cycling. It revealed a decreasing trend in ultrasound velocity with an increase in times of temperature differential cycling, showing a strong linear relationship between the ultrasound velocity loss and strength loss, confirming the correlation between the degree of concrete strength degradation and internal damage. The compressive fatigue test analyzed the fatigue life variation in cement concrete under different times of temperature differential cycling and stress levels, showing good adherence to the Weibull distribution pattern. Based on the approximation assumptions of log-normal distribution and the Weibull distribution, the Weibull distribution parameters for the compressive fatigue life of cement concrete under temperature differential cycling were obtained.

Performance and mechanisms of ultraviolet laser ablation of plain-woven CFRP composites

Plain-woven carbon-fiber-reinforced-polymer (CFRP) composites prove advantageous in designing and manufacturing aeronautic and aerospace structures due to their excellent mechanical properties. Their harsh service environment usually leads to aircraft surface pits, scratches, and other types of defects, which result in internal damages that reduce their strength, influencing their safety and reliability. With laser-controlled ablation, surface damage removal was implemented. However, the multiscale characteristics of plain-woven CFRP (macroscopic plain-woven textiles, mesoscopic fiber clusters, together with microscopic fiber and epoxy resin) lead to complex thermal–mechanical ablation action, prone to secondary surface damages and resin residue. Aiming at the requirement of high-performance removal of the damaged zone, a comprehensive investigation of the influence of laser ablation strategies, including the wavelength, defocus distance, scanning speed, hatch distance, scanning passes, etc., on generating morphologies was conducted. Results identified that the severe anisotropy of plain-woven CFRP gained a wide heat-affected zone (HAZ), which was restrained by adopting an ultraviolet (UV) laser ablation means. A high-quality laser ablation zone without visible resin residue and broken carbon fiber has been presented by one-pass laser ablation when a particular scarfing conditions combination was used. Meanwhile, a depth-controlled surface-forming approach was gained, accompanied by multiple laser scanning. Subsequently, a hybrid laser treatment strategy was provided for characteristic structure generation, and a novel stepwise structure was constructed for verification.