HarperCollins Publishers Research Articles

Filling naval roles

N.A.M. Rodger, The Insatiable Earl: A Eife of John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich 1718-1792 . HarperCollins Publishers, London, 1993. Pp. xviii + 425, 19 illustrations, £20. ISBN 0 00 215784 5 ‘Corrupt politician remembered as the inventor of sandwiches , to eat at the gaming-table.’ 1 — this is how the subject of the book under review, John Montagu, fourth Earl' of Sandwich, is dismissed in one of the reference books on your reviewer’s desk. Great- great-grandson of the Commonwealth admiral given an earldom by Charles II, Sandwich was appointed a member of the Board of Admiralty under the Duke of Bedford in 1744 at the early age of 26 and held the post of First Lord from 1748 to 1751. He was One of the Secretaries of State under George Grenville from 1763 to 1765, taking a leading part in the prosecuttion of John Wilkes for the North Briton episode, and returned to the Admiralty as First Lord in 1771, serving in Lord North’s administration for eleven years through the greater part of the War of American Independence.

The Lincoln-Douglas Debates: The First Complete, Unexpurgated Text (review)

book reviews347 Readers well acquainted with this story may wonder what is new in this account, while Americanists in a hurry to explain the Civil War may wonder what is relevant in all this posturing among nations. Gradually, however, there emerges from Jones's telling of the tale a picture of Americans inexplicably determined to destroy one another while the great powers of the day found themselves surprisingly powerless to act. The Americans seemed motivated by abstract fidelities quite out of proportion to their rational interests. Had Britain or the concerted powers of Europe tried to impose a settlement, what would it be? Who would enforce it? And how long would any settlement hold? Jones builds relatively little on this central insight (228), but one can extrapolate some of the early signs of the limits of power that confronted modern states once their people became mobilized either in making war or shaping national political identity. John Lauritz Larson Purdue University The Lincoln-Douglas Debates: The First Complete, Unexpurgated Text. Edited and with an introduction by Harold Hölzer. (New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 1993. Pp. xvii, 384. $27.59.) Here, for the first time under one cover, is the "unexpurgated" text of the Lincoln-Douglas debates—unexpurgated in the sense that the speeches of the protagonists were drawn from the opposition press. While the Chicago Daily Press and Tribune polished what Lincoln said, it printed Douglas's speeches in the form taken down by the stenographer on the scene; and the pro-Douglas Chicago Daily Times reversed the process. Earlier editions, forty in all, contained the speeches of both as bowdlerized or sanitized by friendly party editors . The first one, in i860, was based on the scrapbook of the debates Lincoln himself had put together, albeit with a few additional changes in his speeches and without Douglas's permission to print. The editorial strategy of the present volume is simple and straightforward. The Tribune's account of Douglas's speeches is combined with the Time's version of Lincoln's speeches. Punctuation errors and misspelled proper names are cleared up and other obvious errors duly "sicced"; but the fragments of thoughts and tortured syntax in many of the sentences remain as reported. Other editorial touches, bracketed in the text rather than placed in notes, are calculated to capture "the spontaneous magic" (10) ofthe debates, otherwise suffocated by the partisan editors. First names are dubbed in; the crowd response from the friendly version is given; notable discrepancies between the two versions are pointed out; and less-well-known persons and events are identified for the benefit of the general reader. The editor believes that the resulting text brings the reader much closer to "the true voice of these remarkable leaders" (xiv) as voters heard them in the rollicking and partisan atmosphere of 1858. 348CIVIL WAR HISTORY The general reader will welcome the editor's long introduction to the text and shorter ones for each of the seven debates. The questions raised and conclusions offered will, at the same time, give scholars much to ponder. In some ways Douglas "won" the debates: he was better than Lincoln at impromptu address, crowd-pleasing bombast, and natural fluency with language; and, of course, he did gain reelection to the Senate. The advantage lay with Lincoln in other regards. His wit and humor, logical reasoning, and powers of moral suasion came through well in the debates. Other Republicans running at the time did somewhat better in the counties that hosted the debates. And precisely because Lincoln was less effective at extemporaneous speaking, he stood to benefit more than Douglas from the polished version. It surely had considerable impact on his quest for the presidency in i860 and on his more ultimate goal of shaping public sentiment aright on the slavery issue. In retrospect it is remarkable that no one had thought of an unexpurgated text of the debates before. Harold Hölzer and his publisher are to be commended for the effort. Other scholars can now begin to give their assessment of its value. Major L. Wilson Memphis State University Farmcarts to Fords: A History of the Military Ambulance, 1700-1915. By John S. Haller, Jr...

Native Americans Then and Now - Edward Lazarus, Black Hills/White Justice: The Sioux Nation Versus the United States, 1775 to the Present (New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 1992. Pp. xxiv + 486. $27.50 hardcover). - M. Annette Jaimes, ed., The State of Native America: Genocide, Colonization, and Resistance (Boston: South End Press, 1992. Pp. x + 460. $16.00 paperback). - Fremont

Native Americans Then and Now - Edward Lazarus, Black Hills/White Justice: The Sioux Nation Versus the United States, 1775 to the Present (New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 1992. Pp. xxiv + 486. $39.95 hardcover). - Volume 5 Issue 4

Jefferson Davis: The Man and His Hour (review)

I56CIVIL WAR HISTORY equality. But unless the constitutional process which he felt gave that idea life is given at least equal weight, such an exercise will serve only the purpose (important but limited) of contemplating ideals. The main thing, as Harvey Cox once said about Christianity, is not to believe it; it is to do it. In this country equality will be achieved only when the rule of law, which forms a vital element in the nation's character, is respected equally with ideal of equality, respected as providing the means to live, achieve, and not just think about equality. As Christopher Dodd once said, "In this country our means are our ends." Lincoln understood this. Wills, on this evidence, has not adequately explored it. Phillip S. Paludan University of Kansas Jefferson Davis: The Man and His Hour. By William C. Davis. (New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 1991. Pp. xv, 784. $35.00.) According to the author, Jefferson Davis has hitherto been ill served and misunderstood by those who have tried to tell his story. He believes that "the Davis we have been given in print has come chiefly from an unbroken string of second- and third-rate biographies," among which he mentions those by Edward A. Pollard, Hudson Strode, and Clement Eaton. Whereas other biographers have failed to understand Davis, to William C. Davis there is "nothing at all mysterious" (xi) about him. Observing that "excellent works have appeared by scholars like William Cooper, Frank Vandiver, Paul Escott, Ludwell Johnson and others," Mr. Davis nevertheless avoids secondary sources and embarks on a Rankeian-like search for the pure flame of truth by confining himself almost entirely to sources contemporary with his subject. (Incidentally, I am still trying to figure out what I have written that is important enough for Mr. Davis to ignore.) This method, of course, has the advantage of finessing the irksome task of assimilating a daunting mass of modern scholarship. Generally speaking, one who does not pick the brains of other scholars runs the risk of making mistakes and failing to understand very precisely matters not fully explained by his necessarily incomplete range of sources. Even though this book is supposed to be a "life" and not a "life and times," a good grip on the times can help in depicting the life, and in this case the life suffers to some extent from an inadequate grasp of the antebellum period. Mr. Davis is naturally more at home in the war years, but even there his avoidance of secondary treatises narrows his focus unnecessarily. Mr. Davis undertakes to do two things: provide a narrative of his subject's life and explain Jefferson Davis the man. The first is done well, subject to the limitations of the author's method, and one must admire the impressive amount of work that went into making this book. Some might wish that more than sixty-seven of the 706 pages of text had been allotted to the twenty-four BOOK REVIEWS157 postwar years of Davis's life, but on the other hand one can applaud the full treatment of the antebellum years, something so often lacking in biographies of Civil War figures. If the narrative part of the book is for the most part solid and strong, the interpretive part leaves something to be desired. These remarks pertain especially to the author's reading of Jefferson Davis's personality, character, and psyche. He does not practice psychobiography, for which we can all be grateful, but relies on what he calls a common-sense approach to human nature . Even so, there are difficulties; a couple of examples may be offered. The reader is told that the great "unifying and overriding influence" of Davis's life was "one single paramount force—insecurity," which in the "great event of his life . . . helped to guide him to failure," even though that failure "may have been preordained" (641-42). He admits that the etiology of this alleged insecurity remains largely conjectural, but then attributes much of it to Samuel Davis, Jefferson's father, who "never knew how to show his affection." This impelled the son to adopt a succession of father substitutes , whom he regarded "almost...

Geography in US. History in Review

Geography in US. History in Review Get access Mark Newman Mark Newman Mark Newman is a media consultant for HarperCollins Publishers. He is currently visiting assistant professor of history at the University of Illinois at Chicago. His book, Entrepreneurs of Profit and Pride: From Black-Appeal to Radio Soul was published in 1988. The author wishes to thank Stacy Flannery, Dan Gorman, Sylvia Grubisic, Nancy Klausner, Richard Mertz, Beth Noparstak, and Tom Wolfe. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar OAH Magazine of History, Volume 7, Issue 3, Spring 1993, Pages 56–61, https://doi.org/10.1093/maghis/7.3.56 Published: 01 March 1993

The Living by Annie Dillard

56 WesternAmerican Literature dated 1974, and first appeared in the California Quarterly in 1977. At the suggestion of Raymond Carver, it was published in The Pushcart Prize III the following year. I don’t know where else it has appeared, but it is a story which ought to endure, and it is good to see it in such fine attire. Of the aborted novels, he says, “only the two which I still think of as living are included here.”One of them is the omnipresent “Muddy Fork.’’Here, in the voice of Sonny Sughrue, we are in a shadow world to the “Prologue” of The Canterbury Tales, or to The Prelude, with its corresponding breezes, redundant, vexing creation. Here, too, there are memories and invocations to the past; but there are no blessings and fewjoys. Will he ever complete the work? He doesn’t say. If he does, though, if he can maintain the level he sets in this selection, he will then produce a masterpiece. The other novel fragment, “The Mexican Tree Duck,” also features Sughrue, the detective introduced in TheLast Good Kiss. As published here, the style is stilted and mildly parodic of his earlier work. Its opening reprises the themes of generational loss and duplicity, offalse reconciliation and desire, that served so powerfully in his earlier works. He reports that he is almost finished with the final draft and that it no longer tells of lost ladies. “It’s about laughter, love, and betrayal.” Had it been authored by a lesser talent, The Muddy Fork & Other Things would offer a fleeting, garrulous pleasure—of a sort provided by wizened barroom sages anywhere in the land. And for that reason alone, it is certainly worth the modest price. But Crumley has proven he can do magnificent things with words. This volume, in spite of its elegance and good will, falls short of Crumley’sown standard, and almost threatens to casta lightpall over his career. If it turns out to be the last weighty volume he ever produces, then it will doubtless be judged as the monument to his decline rather than, as we must now hope, a winter’s rest along the way. JOHN KOONTZ Drew University The Living. By Annie Dillard. (New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 1992. 397 pages, $22.50.) The Living is, without doubt, one of the two or three books with which Annie Dillard’s name will automatically be associated long into the future; it is, both stylistically and intellectually, the culmination of everything that she has done before. Long-awaited by her admirers, this novel of the pioneer era in Washington State places her immediately at the forefront of contemporary American novelists. It belongs on the same shelfwith such recent works of large fictive ambition as Dexter’s Paris Trout, Helprin’s A Soldier of the Great War, Essay Reviews 57 McMurtry’s Lonesome Dove, Wolfe’s The Bonfire of the Vanities, and Morrison’s Beloved. Dillard has two thematic preoccupations in TheLiving: the problem of evil and the implications death has for life. The problem of evil is, for Dillard, a central moral and metaphysical concern of existence, and death is that defining particular, that keystone, of our experience in this world. We might say that death and its attendant pain are what make the problem of evil something of more than hypothetical interest. The sheer, brute, ineffable fact of even the most mild of deaths gives life a hard certainty. To Dillard, death means physical pain (as in that of the Skagityouth found, near death, in the Cascade Mountains by the boyJohn Ireland Sharp and the surveying party he is accompanying: this young Indian’s vision quest has ended with his being run through by a sharp­ ened stake, set into the ground by his Thompson Indian foes). But more significantly, death means, as Whitman likewise observed, emo­ tional and spiritual pain for “the living.” This psychic anguish is felt by those who feel lacerated by the loss of others (like Ada Fishburn, who, on the wagon journey west has seen her three-year-old son die an absurd but awful death: “Charley fell out of the wagon and their own wheels ran...

Xerox is not a verb. Prophets in the Dark: How Xerox Reinvented Itself and Beat Back the Japanese David Kearns and David Nadler New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 1992 320 pages; $22.50

National Productivity ReviewVolume 11, Issue 3 p. 431-436 Book Review Xerox is not a verb. Prophets in the Dark: How Xerox Reinvented Itself and Beat Back the Japanese David Kearns and David Nadler New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 1992 320 pages; $22.50 Earle Hitchner, Earle Hitchner Earle Hitchner has written for Business Week Careers magazine, Prentice-Hall's Personnel Management: Policies and Practices and Communications report bulletins, and many other publications.Search for more papers by this author Earle Hitchner, Earle Hitchner Earle Hitchner has written for Business Week Careers magazine, Prentice-Hall's Personnel Management: Policies and Practices and Communications report bulletins, and many other publications.Search for more papers by this author First published: Summer 1992 https://doi.org/10.1002/npr.4040110315 AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Volume11, Issue3Summer 1992Pages 431-436 RelatedInformation

Sarah Canary by Karen Joy Fowler, and: Searoad: Chronicles of Klatsand by Ursula K. Le Guin

184 WesternAmerican Literature tells a good story, though his thematic range is somewhat limited. With its use of the West as an arena for moral action and new beginnings, Language in theBlood holds the greater interest for readers of Western American Literature. The novel also deserves praise, by the way, for the wealth of birding lore and information that Nelson weaves seamlessly into the narrative. PAUL HADELLA Southern Oregon State College Sarah Canary.ByKarenJoy Fowler. (New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1991. 290 pages, $21.95.) Searoad: Chronicles ofKlatsand. By Ursula K. Le Guin. (New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 1991. 193 pages, $20.00.) These are realistic works from authors most frequently described as science fiction writers. Ursula K. Le Guin is already a literary Garth Brooks of sorts; her classics The Left Hand ofDarkness and the Earthsea series are enjoyed by those who otherwise avoid science fiction and fantasy. But she is only infrequently counted among the best contemporary writers regardless of genre identifica­ tion. Searoadmay bring her the wider attention her fine writing deserves. Karen Joy Fowler, whose short stories are collected in Artificial Things, also began by publishing science fiction. She brings from the genre a sense of the limitlessness of fiction. These authors may have established their reputations by inventing other worlds, but in Searoad and Sarah Canary they are firmly grounded in the people and places of the Northwest. Sarah Canary is Fowler’s quixotic and engaging first novel. Set in Washing­ ton Territory in 1873, this is a story of the Old West told by its outcasts: Chin Ah Kin, the shanghaied railworker; B.J., an escapee from an insane asylum; Adelaide, the suffragette who lectures on female orgasm; and Harold, a survivor of Andersonville who thinks himself immortal. Fowler portrays them all with sympathy for their isolation and admiration for their sometimes visionary, sometimes lunatic insights. The object of their mutual quest is the monstrous, mysterious Sarah Canary. Unwilling or unable to explain herself, she becomes a kind of mirror reflecting the bias and cultural conditioning of those who view her. Contrasted against this likeable and ultimately very wise collection of misfits are briefhistorical essays that lambaste the moral and intellectual leaders of the time. The juxtapositions effectively, if perhaps too obviously, raise the question ofwhere sanity really lies, whose perception is really to be believed. Searoad is also about the people who settled the West. This collection of stories spans about 100 years in the history of Klatsand, a northern Oregon coastal town that doesn’t quite exist on the map. In these deceptively quiet Reviews 185 stories, Le Guin writes about the people who find in Klatsand a place to visit, live, die, or recover from the death of a loved one. Her focus is less on events than on people, and as in Fowler’s novel, we see some of the same characters from different points of view. Le Guin also makes main characters of those otherwise marginalized in the existing body of literature—housewives, wait­ resses, junior college professors. But the stories are linked not so much by recurrent characters as by the ocean, which courses beneath the narrative layer with a restless, powerful rhythm. Le Guin most frequently examines the rela­ tionships between generations of women, as in “Quoits” and the lovely “Hand, Cup, Shell.” The book’s luminescent centerpiece, “Hernes,” is a long, non­ linear narrative about four generations ofwomen in a Klatsand family and is as good as any fiction Le Guin has written. While Searoadand Sarah Canaryare quite different in style and content, they similarly reflect recent feminist and New Historicist thought. For instance, in both the authors playwith and overturn literary expectations. Fowler hilariously subverts chivalric traditions by making the object of the chase in Sarah Canary grotesquely ugly, an incarnation of European intellectual conceptions of woman as uncivilized and nonsensical. The quest that moves the plot falls apart when Sarah Canary vanishes, much to the guilty reliefof those who pursue her. Throughout Searoad, but particularly in “Hernes,” Le Guin reshapes our sense of language and narrative, frequently adopting what she calls “the mother tongue”—the language of the household as opposed to the language...

The Jim Chee Mysteries: People of Darkness, The Dark Wind, and The Ghostway

Reviews 273 Big Bonanza (1876), still in print and still regarded as the best contemporary account of Comstock lode mining tales and shenanigans. But Dan De Quille never seemed to get around to collecting the best of his numerous short pieces. His daughter tried to do this and failed, but, almost one-hundred years after his death, Lawrence Berkove has managed to get this material carefully and pretty accurately into print. To accomplish this task, the amount of travel, released time from teaching, reviewing anonymous and suspect sources, andjust plain sheer drudgery must have been, in the parlance of today, awesome. The scholar­ ship here seems very good and very careful. The actual quality of the selections, however, is another matter. Here, one may question whether all of the time and effort of editing and introduction writing were worth the work involved. True, shorter works these days are getting more respect as these best short stories and biographical accounts deserve, but there are still a lot of problems with this book. Much of what De Quille wrote were humorous anecdotal reminiscences that only a young male would find to be quality. When De Quille gets more serious, aswith the title story, he sounds appallingly like a refried version of melodramatic Bret Harte. Most of this material, however, is certainly a leap and a bound better than Robert Service, but the incidents in the volume we can see mostly used to be funny. There are some exceptions. “Tongue-Oil Timothy Dead”does have true aspects ofmagic realism and grim humor. However thankful we may be that this complicated collection has been completed, one would certainlywish for awork of more than historical interest. PATRICK D. MORROW Auburn University TheJim CheeMysteries: People ofDarkness, TheDark Wind, and The Ghostway. (New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 1990. 556 pages, $15.95.) When I first began reading Tony Hillerman’s fiction only three or four years ago, my first taste was of PeopleofDarkness, and it still recalls Conrad’s Heart ofDarkness as an evocation of the sinister brilliance of which e. e. cummings’ “manunkind”is capable. Italso displays thejanus Face of Hillerman’s talent: his commendable passion for educating us into the ways of the Four Corners’ Indian Country which unfortunately results in a sometimes excessive didacti­ cism and a too frequent and somewhat patronizing review of the evidence. Hillerman combines innovation and timeliness in the quantum of Anima operative in the psyche of Chee, a cop never really comfortable with his gun. A female reader told me she likes Hillerman’s Indians and women, a tribute, in my opinion, to both his enlightened liberalism and his instinct for bestsellerdom . Whether, for instance, Jim Chee really intuits his crime-solving 274 WesternAmerican Literature breakthroughs by a logic more Navajo/circular than European/linear I leave to brains more right-hemispheric than my own. I find it more literarily interesting that Chee’s great career decision—to remain a Navajo and perfect the nearly lost rituals of the medicine men, rather than to Go East to an affirmative action position with the F.B.I. and a mixed marriage—is almost the exact opposite of the opting ofJames Joyce/Stephen Daedalus for the Priesthood ofArt over that of theJesuits and for International Exile over humble native provincialism. I doubt thatJoyce would have endorsed the cautionary wisdom of The Wizard ofOz. The Ghostwayregrettably exhibits a convention common to both the Eastern Urban and the Western Rural Establishments: L.A. bashing. I’ve lived in South­ ern California twenty-seven years and I don’t recognize the one of which Hillerman writes, neither its topography nor its people nor its police. He’s on firmerterrawhen he sticks to his own turf. Whatever seeming indictments I may have levied above, I have read virtu­ ally all of Hillerman’s novels and look forward to whatever else he may write with a sense of assured pleasure that I associate with few authors. A critic’sjob is to criticize, but I read these books lovingly with myAAA Indian Country map at my elbow. And though I abhor the notion that the ultimate test of a book is whether it gets made into a movie...

An Introduction to Models in the Social Sciences.

What is a model? How do you construct one? What are some common models in the social sciences? How can models be applied in new situations? What makes a model good? Focusing on answers to these and related questions, this multidisciplinary introduction to model building in the social sciences formulates interesting problems that involve students in creative model building and the process of invention. The book describes models of individual choice, exchange, adaptation, and diffusion. Throughout, student participation in analytical thinking is encouraged. Originally published in 1975 by HarperCollins Publishers.