Harmonic Model Research Articles

Improved tidal estimates from short water level records via the modified harmonic analysis model

To fully resolve eight major tides from short-term records, classical harmonic analysis model usually infers unresolved constituents with the help of inference relationships from nearby long-term tide gauges. Our previous study developed a modified harmonic analysis model using the credo of smoothness (i.e., MHACS) which can achieve this without inference relationships. Via introducing the inherent natural links between major tides, MHACS breaks the restrictions of the Rayleigh criterion and requires only ∼9-day hourly records to resolve eight major tides. However, when data length is shorter than 9 days, the results of MHACS become problematic due to over-fitting. In this study, we introduce ridge regression to replace ordinary least squares (OLS) in the MHACS. Practical experiments on short-term hourly tide gauge records and satellite altimeter observations indicate that ridge regression can effectively eliminate meaningless mathematical artifacts obtained by OLS. The minimum length of records for MHACS to resolve eight major tides dramatically decreases from ∼210 h to ∼75 h as a result of using ridge regression. It is also found that ridge regression can notably reduce the uncertainties of tidal estimates from MHACS. Moreover, other modified harmonic analysis models such as NS_TIDE designed for river tides also suffer from over-fitting which can be solved by ridge regression in a similar way.

An improved simple model for α decay half-lives*

Abstract In this paper, using the α particle preformation probabilities from Xu et al. [Xu and Ren, Nucl. Phys. A 760, 303 (2005)], which were extracted by fitting experimental half-lives of α decay, based on a phenomenological harmonic oscillator potential model (HOPM) [Bayrak, J Phys G 47, 025102 (2020)], refitting 178 α decay half-lives of even-even nuclei obtained from the latest nuclear property table NUBASE2020, we obtain the only one adjustable parameter MeV in the HOPM, i.e., the depth of nuclear potential. The corresponding root-mean-square (rms) deviation is . Furthermore, to consider the contribution of centrifugal potential to unfavored α decay half-lives, adding a new term (d and l are the adjustable parameter and orbital angular momentum carried away by emitted α particle) to the logarithmic form of favored α decay half-lives under the HOPM framework, we propose an improved simple model (ISM) for calculating favored and unfavored α decay half-lives. Fitting the experimental half-lives of 205 unfavored α decay, we obtain . The ISM is used to calculate the unfavored α decay half-lives of 128 odd-A and 77 odd-odd nuclei. The results improve by 54.2% and 53.6%, respectively, compared with HOPM. In addition, we extend the ISM to predict the α decay half-lives of 144 nuclei with , and 120. For comparison, the improved model with eight parameters (DUR) proposed by Deng et al. [Deng, Phys. Rev. C 101, 034307 (2020)] and the modified universal decay law (MUDL) proposed by Soylu et al. [Soylu, Nucl. Phys. A 1013, 122221 (2021)] are also used. The predictions of these models and/or formulas are generally consistent with each other.

Vienna Rectifier Modeling and Harmonic Coupling Analysis Based on Harmonic State-Space

Due to the high permeability characteristics of power electronic devices connected to the distribution grid, the potential harmonic coupling problem cannot be ignored. The Vienna rectifier is widely utilized in electric vehicle charging stations and uninterruptible power supply (UPS) systems due to its high power factor, adaptable control strategies, and low voltage stress on power switches. In this paper, the three-level Vienna rectifier is studied, and the harmonic state-space (HSS) method is used to model the rectifier. The proposed model can reflect the harmonic transfer characteristics between the AC current and the DC output voltage at various frequencies. Finally, the model’s accuracy and the corresponding harmonic characteristics analysis are further verified by simulation and experimental test results. The results show that the harmonic state-space modeling used for Vienna rectifiers can reflect the harmonic dynamics of the AC and DC sides, which can be used in stability analysis, control parameter design, and other related fields.

Effect of Benzo-Annelation on Triplet State Energies in Polycyclic Conjugated Hydrocarbons.

In a series of earlier studies, the effect of benzo-annelation was found to be a useful tool for tuning the aromaticity in polycyclic conjugated compounds to desired level. In this work we studied the (anti)aromaticity of benzo-annelated derivatives of three conjugated hydrocarbons (anthracene, fluoranthene and biphenylene) in their lowest lying singlet (S0) and triplet (T1) states by means of the energy effect (ef), harmonic oscillator model of aromaticity (HOMA), multicentre delocalization indices (MCI), magnetically induced current densities (MICDs) and nucleus independent chemical shifts (NICS). We showed that benzo-annelation is a topology-based effect which can be used to modify the T1 state excitation energies (E(T1)). A quantitative model was established being able to accurately predict the E(T1) based only on the numbers of angularly, linearly and geminally annelated benzene rings. In addition, it was demonstrated that the E(T1) can be directly related to the (anti)aromatic character of the central ring in the studied molecules in their S0 state.

Linearized Models of the Coupled Rotorcraft Flight Dynamics and Acoustics for Real-Time Noise Prediction

This article demonstrates the linearization of the coupled rotorcraft flight dynamics and aeroacoustics to provide realtime acoustic predictions in generalized maneuvering flight. To demonstrate the methodology, the study makes use of a nonlinear simulation model of a generic utility helicopter (PSUHeloSim) that is coupled with an aeroacoustic solver based on a marching cubes algorithm. A periodic equilibrium of the coupled rotorcraft flight dynamics and acoustics is first found at a desired flight condition using a modified harmonic balance trim solution method. Next, the nonlinear time-periodic dynamics are linearized about that periodic equilibrium and transformed into an equivalent higher order linear time-invariant system in harmonic decomposition form. Composite aeroacoustic measures are included as an output of this system. To speed up runtime and make control design tractable, the order of these harmonic decomposition models is reduced via residualization to an 8-state model where the states are representative of the rigid-body dynamics of the aircraft. This 8-state model is shown to provide accurate acoustic response predictions for small-amplitude pilot inputs and to abate runtime by a factor of approximately 104, thus enabling acoustic predictions in generalized maneuvering flight that are significantly faster than real time. The 8-state model is subsequently used to demonstrate the use of linear system tools for the dynamic analysis of the coupled rotorcraft flight dynamics and acoustics.

Research on harmonic power flow calculation of novel urban distribution network considering the switching power supply harmonic and the correlation of impedance-frequency

Harmonic power flow calculation is the basis of harmonic analysis, tracing, and treatment. This paper focuses on the harmonic issues associated with the implementation of the “dual-carbon” plan in novel urban distribution networks. Due to the widespread integration of renewable energy generation into urban electrical grids, an increasing number of power electronic devices are being connected to the grid, which has a certain impact on harmonic power flow. Firstly, the harmonic components of 6-pulse and 12-pulse rectifiers are analyzed for the switching power supply model widely used in the distribution network. Secondly, the equivalent parameter models of the generator, the transformer, and the lines are reviewed. Finally, from the perspective of power balance, a harmonic power flow model considering the terminal switching power supplies and the correlation between impedance and frequency is proposed. Simulation verification is conducted to demonstrate the feasibility and accuracy of the proposed method.

Utilizing waveform synthesis in harmonic oscillator seasonal trend model for short- and long-term streamflow drought modeling and forecasting

ABSTRACT This study introduces an improved version of the harmonic oscillator seasonal trend (HOST) model framework to accurately simulate medium- and long-term changes in extreme events, focusing on streamflow droughts in the Mobile River catchment. The updated model incorporates new mathematical formulas and waveform synthesis, resulting in improved performance. The updated framework successfully captures long-term and seasonal patterns with a Kling -Gupta efficiency exceeding 0.5 for seasonal fluctuations and over 0.9 for trends. The best-fit model explains around 98% of long-term and approximately 55% of seasonal variance. Test sets show slightly lower accuracies, with about 20% of nodes underperforming due to the absence of drought during the test phase resulting in false-positive model forecasts. The newly developed weighted occurrence classification outperforms the binary classification occurrence model. In addition, application of an automatic period multiplier for decomposition using the seasonal trend decomposition using LOESS (locally estimated scatterplot smoothing) method improves test dataset performance and reduces false-positive forecasts. The improved framework provides valuable insights for extreme flow distribution, offering potential for improved water management planning, and the combination of the HOST model with physical models can address short-term drivers of extreme events, enhancing drought occurrence forecasting and water resource management strategies.

AI-Based Design With Data Trimming for Hybrid Phase Shift Modulation for Minimum-Current-Stress Dual Active Bridge Converter

Dual active bridge (DAB) topology has been recognized as the key circuit for the next generation of high-frequency-link power conversion systems. In order to realize desired operating performance, DAB modulation strategies need to be selected carefully. Different modulation strategies have been considered and combined into a hybrid one, which is able to fully optimize performance. However, to develop a hybrid modulation strategy, the conventional methods including harmonic model and piecewise model have difficulty in balancing modeling accuracy and manpower burden. Although recent data-driven modulation approaches can automate the design process, the accuracy of data-driven models decreases nontrivially with the existence of outliers and without sufficient data. Hence, to alleviate human-dependence and improve modeling accuracy, this paper proposes an AI-based design with data trimming (AI-DT) for hybrid phase shift modulation. Two two-degree-of-freedom modulation strategies are considered for the sake of optimal current stress performance. AI-DT firstly adopts the one-class support vector machine (SVM) to exclude outliers. Second, the state-of-the-art extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), which is insensitive to training data size, is adopted to build data-driven current stress models for the DAB converter. After that, differential evolution (DE) algorithm helps to choose modulation strategy and optimize modulation parameters for optimal current stress. Generally, the proposed AI-DT is developed in an automated fashion, which largely relieves manual computational complexity while exhibiting satisfactory modulation accuracy. The effectiveness of the proposed AI-DT approach has been experimentally verified with a 1kW hardware prototype, realizing optimal current stress under full operating conditions with more than 96.5% as peak efficiency.

Dynamic Model Fidelity Effects on Covariance Based Track Association

This paper examines the performance of covariance-based track association with varying levels of dynamic model fidelity. To minimize the dynamic nonlinearities, the mean modified equinoctial (MME) elements are used. Ground-based radar measurements are generated by propagating the osculating orbits of 100 space objects in low Earth orbit using a 70×70 spherical harmonic gravity model (JGM-3). Atmospheric drag, solar radiation, and third-body gravity are not considered. To associate two tracks, the two sets of states and covariances are propagated to a common time. The Mahalanobis distance between the two tracks is then used to determine whether they associate. A higher-fidelity dynamic model for state propagation improves association performance, while the fidelity of the dynamic model for covariance propagation does not have a significant impact. The MME-based track association demonstrates excellent performance when incorporating J2, J22, J4, and J6 in the MME state propagation as well as the MME covariance propagation with J2. It achieves an accuracy of 99.92%, a true positive sensitivity of 92.43%, a false negative sensitivity of 7.57%, a false positive sensitivity of 0%, and a true negative sensitivity of 100% when associating tracks separated by 10 days.

The exact implementation of a spherical harmonic model for gravimetric quantities

Abstract This note presents formulas to evaluate a spherical harmonic model of Earth’s gravitational potential for essential gravimetric quantities without spherical and linear approximation. Typically, 10–13 significant digits of numerical accuracy for such computations are obtained over the globe using EGM2008 with FORTRAN 77 code that is also provided.

Abstract 7530: Harmonization radiomics models to predict tumor response in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with immunotherapy

Abstract Background: Precise prediction of immunotherapy response in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is crucial for personalized treatment. This study investigates the application of pretreatment CT-based radiomics and use of harmonization model in predicting these outcomes in NSCLC patients receiving immunotherapy. Methods: This retrospective study examined data from 152 stage III-IV NSCLC patients undergoing immunotherapy. Patient responses were categorized using immune-related RECIST (irRECIST) criteria into durable responders (complete response [CR], partial response [PR], or stable disease [SD]) for at least 24 weeks and non-responders. Tumor segmentation was performed using LIFEx software (IMIV/CEA, Orsay, France). 3D-radiomic features were extracted from both the tumor and surrounding 1 cm thick peritumoral regions. The Random Forest (RF) algorithm was employed to develop a classification model to differentiate between responders and non-responders. A harmonization model was deployed to account for the scanner-related differences by using spleen and normal lung signals. The dataset was divided into a training set (75%) and a test set (25%). Bootstrapping with 1,000 iterations was performed to estimate the model's performance by calculating the median and 95% confidence interval (CI) estimate. The accuracy of the model's predictions was evaluated by creating a confusion matrix. The model's performance was assessed by calculating the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values (PPV), negative predictive values (NPV), and area under the ROC curve (AUC) for response prediction. Results: A total of 152 patients were analyzed. 87 (57.23%) were female and 65 (42.76%) were male. The median age was 59 years. Histology types included were: 111 Adenocarcinoma (73%), 27 Squamous cell carcinoma (17.8%), and 14 other types (9.2%). The model achieved a sensitivity of 0.63, a specificity of 0.59, a PPV of 0.51, and NPV of 0.7 for response prediction of NSCLC patients receiving immunotherapy. The AUC of 0.61 indicates that the model may discriminate between responders and non-responders with an accuracy of 61%. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the potential of radiomics and the use of harmonization models to predict immunotherapy responses in NSCLC patients, offering insights into personalized treatment approaches. Larger studies are needed to validate our findings and the utility of harmonization models in predicting a tumor response. Citation Format: Monica Yadav, Jeeyeon Lee, Peter Haseok Kim, Seyoung Lee, Taegyu Um, Salie Lee, Maria Jose Chuchuca, Trie Arni Djunadi, Liam Il-Young Chung, Jisang Yu, Darren Rodrigues, Nicolo Gennaro, Leeseul Kim, Myungwoo Nam, Youjin Oh, Sungmi Yoon, Zunairah Shah, Yuchan Kim, Ilene Hong, Jessica Jang, Grace Kang, Amy Cho, Soowon Lee, Timothy Hong, Cecilia Nam, Yury S Velichko, Young Kwang Chae. Harmonization radiomics models to predict tumor response in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with immunotherapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 7530.

Abstract 7529: Harmonization radiomics model to predict immune checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis (CIP) in non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in patients treated with immunotherapy

Abstract Background: With the increasing use of immunotherapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), managing adverse events, particularly checkpoint inhibitor-associated pneumonitis (CIP), poses a significant challenge. CIP often necessitates discontinuation of immunotherapy, even in cases of tumor response. Currently there are no effective models in predicting CIP. This study leverages artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms and the use of harmonization models to analyze radiomic features from chest CT scans, aiming to predict the occurrence of CIP in patients with NSCLC. Methods: This retrospective study examined data from 152 stage III-IV NSCLC patients undergoing immunotherapy. Tumor segmentation was performed using LIFEx software (IMIV/CEA, Orsay, France). 3D-radiomic features were extracted from both the tumor and the surrounding 1 cm thick peritumoral regions. The Random Forest (RF) algorithm was employed to develop a classification model to differentiate between CIP and non-CIP. A harmonization model was deployed to account for the scanner-related differences by using spleen and normal lung signals. The dataset was divided into a training set (75%) and a test set (25%). Bootstrapping with 1,000 iterations was performed to estimate the model's performance by calculating the median and 95% confidence interval (CI) estimate. The accuracy of the model's predictions was evaluated by creating a confusion matrix. The model's performance was assessed by calculating the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values (PPV), negative predictive values (NPV), and area under the ROC curve (AUC) for CIP prediction. Results: Among 152 patients, 87 (57.23%) are female and 65 (42.76%) are male. The median age was 59 years. Histology types included were Adenocarcinoma 111 (73%), Squamous cell carcinoma 27 (17.8%), and others 14 (9.2%). CIP was seen in 30 (19.73%) patients. Among the 30 patients with CIP, 17 (56.7%) patients had grade 1 pneumonitis, 11 (36.7%) patients had grade 2 pneumonitis, 2 (6.6%) patients had grade 3 pneumonitis, and none had grade 4 or grade 5 pneumonitis. The model achieved a sensitivity of 0.57, a specificity of 0.67, a PPV of 0.48, and NPV of 0.38 for predicting CIP. The AUC of 0.59 indicates that the model may predict checkpoint inhibitor-associated pneumonitis with an accuracy of 59%. Conclusions: The study provides insights into the potential of radiomic analysis coupled with AI algorithms and the use of harmonization model in predicting CIP among NSCLC patients treated with immunotherapy. Larger studies are needed to validate our findings and the utility of harmonization models in predicting CIP. Citation Format: Monica Yadav, Jeeyeon Lee, Peter Haseok Kim, Seyoung Lee, Taegyu Um, Salie Lee, Maria Jose Chuchuca, Trie Arni Djunadi, Liam Il-Young Chung, Jisang Yu, Darren Rodrigues, Nicolo Gennaro, Leeseul Kim, Myungwoo Nam, Youjin Oh, Sungmi Yoon, Zunairah Shah, Yuchan Kim, Ilene Hong, Jessica Jang, Grace Kang, Amy Cho, Soowon Lee, Timothy Hong, Cecilia Nam, Yury S Velichko, Young Kwang Chae. Harmonization radiomics model to predict immune checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis (CIP) in non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in patients treated with immunotherapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 7529.

Manipulation of plasmon dephasing time via the coupling between localized surface plasmon resonance and waveguide modes

Manipulation of plasmon dephasing time of the hybrid modes has gained much attention in recent years, which plays critical roles in many important applications of plasmonics. Here, we manipulate the dephasing time of plasmonic field resulting from coupling of the localized surface plasmon (LSP) of the nanosphere array and the waveguide mode supported by the indium tin oxide film with quasi-normal mode-assisted harmonic oscillator model method. It results in the formation of two distinct modes, transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) modes. Such coupling can significantly modify the dynamics of the original plasmonic modes. The dephasing time of the hybrid plasmon modes, encompassing both TE and TM modes, can be extended from 1.25fs to 4.95fs, which is about 2–7 times compared to that of a single localized surface plasmon resonant mode. More importantly, by changing the structural parameters, we can flexibly manipulate either the dephasing time with a fixed wavelength or the resonant wavelength with a fixed dephasing time.

Theoretical and kinetic study of the hydrogen abstraction reactions of ethyl propionate

Ethyl propionate shows great promise as a biodiesel molecule model. However, the current oxidation kinetic model falls short in accurately predicting its combustion behavior. Therefore, this study employed ab initio quantum chemistry methods to analyze the hydrogen abstraction reactions of ethyl propionate with various reactive radicals, including OH, O, H, CH3, C2H3, C2H5, HO2, CH3O and CH3O2, which play a critical role in refining the oxidation kinetics. Theoretical calculations were conducted to determine the rate constants and branching ratios for these reactions at temperatures ranging from 500 K to 2500 K using transition state theory, quasi-rigid rotor harmonic oscillator model, and tunneling correction. After updating the kinetics of hydrogen abstraction reactions in the oxidation mechanism proposed by Metcalfe et al., the modified model was validated by comparing the simulated mole fraction evolutions of ethyl propionate and major products in a jet-stirred reactor, ignition delay in a closed homogeneous batch reactor, and laminar flame speed with experimental data. The findings indicate that the modified model reliably reproduces the experimental data and significantly improves the prediction accuracy for low-temperature combustion of ethyl propionate when compared to the original model.

Multi-source data driven harmonic spectrum estimation of substation feeder current

With the proliferation of non-linear loads and distributed power resources that connect through power electronic equipment, decentralized harmonic pollution in three-phase symmetric power system becomes increasingly serious. Despite this, monitoring the current harmonic of all substation feeders regardless of cost is unrealistic. To this end, a multi-source data driven method is proposed in this paper, utilizing data from the power quality monitoring system, dispatching system, and market business system, to estimate the harmonic spectrum of substation feeder currents and estimate the harmonic current components of each feeder with monitoring data of bus voltage harmonics and line harmonic currents. The objective function of the harmonic spectrum estimation model is constructed based on the analysis of current harmonic phasor and power relationship on the feeders. An improved particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is proposed to solve the proposed estimation model thereby obtaining the current harmonic content of each feeder and the phase angle difference between the current harmonics of the feeders. The performance of the proposed model and algorithm is validated by numerical simulation with a test system and an actual system.

Thermophysical Properties for Alkylphosphonate and Alkylphosphate Compounds

Organophosphorus compounds have a wide range of applications; they are commonly used as drugs or pesticides or in the production of ion batteries. However, some organophosphorus compounds, which were developed as warfare nerve agents, are neurotoxic and potentially lethal to living organisms. On the basis of the literature search, certain properties of these compounds are not well known. Knowledge of thermodynamic properties and the availability of reliable data are fundamental in the development of methods for detecting, treating, and safely analyzing decontamination. For research purposes, substitutes, called simulants, which have similar molecular structures and properties but are less toxic, are often employed. This work presents a thermodynamic study of four organophosphorus nerve agent simulants: trimethyl phosphate, triethyl phosphate, dimethyl methylphosphonate, and diethyl methylphosphonate. Differential scanning calorimeter and a Tian–Calvet type calorimeter were used to analyze their phase behavior and measure the liquid heat capacities, respectively. Vapor pressures were experimentally determined with the static method. Ideal-gas heat capacities were calculated using the R1SM approach, which combines the rigid rotor–harmonic oscillator model, the one-dimensional hindered rotor model, and the mixing model. The results obtained were compared with the data from the literature and simultaneously correlated to obtain a highly reliable thermodynamic description.Graphical

Revenue Management in Airlines and External Factors Affecting Decisions: The Harmonic Oscillator Model

The Revenue Management (RM) problem in airlines for a fixed capacity, single resource and two classes has been solved before by using a standard formalism. In this paper we propose a model for RM by using the semi-classical approach of the Quantum Harmonic Oscillator. We then extend the model to include external factors affecting the people’s decisions, particularly those where collective decisions emerge.

A double-ended third harmonic method for vegetation high impedance fault location in overhead distribution systems

Vegetation-related high-impedance faults (VHIFs) on overhead distribution systems can cause damage, maintenance issues, and even wildfires, impacting both utilities and ecosystems. Existing fault location techniques struggle to accurately locate VHIFs. In this paper, we propose a novel double-ended terminal location method based on the third harmonic component of the fault system. The proposed technique determines the distance of the VHIF by approximating the third harmonic voltage at the fault local, utilizing measurements from the remote terminal located at the far-end of the feeder. This method efficiently locates VHIFs with just two measurement terminals, cutting the need and cost of extensive sensor deployment. Moreover, the proposed method overcomes the limitations of traditional fault location techniques by using a third harmonic model of the faulted system, eliminating the need for complex mathematical models to approximate the fault behavior and voltage at the fault local. Simulation tests were conducted to validate the proposed method, demonstrating its effectiveness in accurately locating VHIFs. The technique achieved error rates below 1.6 %, making it a promising solution for real-world applications in power distribution systems. The ability to precisely locate VHIFs meets a proactive protection philosophy and contributes to improved power system protection and ensures uninterrupted power supply.

A theoretical study on 1H-indole-2,3-dione complexes with lithium, sodium, and potassium cations.

A comparative study of the change in different properties of electronic and structural of the free 1H-indole-2,3-dione molecule and its complexes has been obtained. HOMA analysis was performed to investigate the effects of lithium sodium and potassium cations on the aromaticity of lithium sodium and potassium complexes of 1H-indole-2,3-dione. Several 1H-indole-2,3-dione complexes with lithium, sodium, and potassium cations were optimized at the B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) level. The cation and π interaction has been investigated from different aspects, including interaction energy calculations, charge transfer values, and changes in the aromaticity of the ring upon complexation. The charge transfer and natural population analysis for the complexes were performed with the natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis. The properties of bond critical points in complexes were studied by applying the quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM). Finally, the aromaticity change of phenyl induced upon complex formation was evaluated by applying the harmonic oscillator model of aromaticity (HOMA). [Li-INa]+ and [[Li-INb]+ were optimized with the wB97XD function using a version of Grimme's D2 dispersion model, and the absorption energy was compared with the calculation made with the B3LYP functional.

Decay process within the QCDSR approach* *Supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (12265010, 12265009) and the Project of Guizhou Provincial Department of Science and Technology (ZK[2021]024, ZK[2023]142)

In this paper, we investigate the charmed meson rare decay process using an approach based on QCD sum rules. First, the pion twist-2, 3 distribution amplitude (DA) moments and are calculated up to the tenth and fourth orders, respectively, in the QCD sum rules according to the background field theory. After constructing the light-cone harmonic oscillator model for the pion twist-2, 3 DAs, we obtain their behaviors by matching the calculated ξ-moments. Then, the transition form factors (TFFs) are calculated using an approach based on QCD light-cone sum rules. The vector form factor at the large recoil region is . Using the rapidly converging simplified series expansion of , we present the TFFs and corresponding angular coefficients in the whole squared momentum transfer physical region. Based on non-standard neutrino interactions, the decay can be related to the decay indirectly. Thus, we first describe the semileptonic decay process , differential decay widths, and branching fraction with . The differential/total predictions for forward-backward asymmetry, -differential flat terms, and lepton polarization asymmetry are also reported. The prediction for the branching fraction is .