Harmful By-products Research Articles

Efficient trihalomethane quantification in drinking water for minimally-equipped water treatment plants labs

Chlorine is a common disinfectant used in water treatment. However, its reaction with organic matter can lead to the formation of harmful byproducts, such as trihalomethanes (THMs), which are potentially carcinogenic. To address this issue, the aim of this work was to enhance a colorimetric method capable of quantifying THMs in drinking water through UV/Vis Spectrophotometry, using cost-effective equipment, and validate this methodology for the first time according to established validation protocols. The method’s innovation involved replacing the solvent pentane with the more common hexane, along with adjusting the heating ramp, elucidating the mechanisms involved in the process. This method involves the reaction between THMs, pyridine, and NaOH to produce a colored compound, which is then monitored through molecular absorption spectroscopy in the visible region. The method was thoroughly validated, achieving a limit of detection of 13.41 μg L−1 and a limit of quantification of 40.65 μg L−1. Recovery assays ranged from 86.1 % to 90.7 %, demonstrating high accuracy. The quality of the linear fit for the analytical curve exceeded R2 > 0.98. The method was applied to real samples, revealing concentrations ranging from 13.58 to 55.46 μg L−1, all way below the legal limit in Brazil (Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCL) = 100 μg L−1). This cost-effective and straightforward method is suitable for integration into water treatment plant laboratories.

Enhanced dye degradation using plasma bubbles for the sustainable environmental remediation

This study proposes a novel and eco-friendly approach for wastewater treatment using plasma jet technology under bubble condition. This method allows for the controlled production of highly reactive hydroxyl radicals (OH•) while minimizing unwanted interactions with nitrogen in the air. The presence of bubbles in liquid significantly boosts the diffusion of OH• within the wastewater, leading to a two-fold increase in degradation rate compared to normal condition. The effectiveness of the treatment was confirmed through ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, which showed a significant decrease in rhodamine B and methyl orange absorbance peaks. Raman spectroscopy further revealed structural changes in both pollutants, indicating successful degradation. Additionally, plasma characteristics like power, electron temperature, and density were monitored to gain deeper insights into the underlying mechanism. Importantly, the process minimizes the formation of harmful secondary pollutants such as ozone and nitrogen oxides. These pollutants were found under concentration of 0.14 mg m−3 which is below established safety thresholds, adhering to World Health Organization guidelines. This research demonstrates that plasma jet treatment in bubble condition not only enhances the degradation efficiency of pollutants in wastewater but also minimizes the formation of harmful byproducts. This represents a significant breakthrough in developing sustainable wastewater treatment technologies.

Photo-transformation of graphene oxide in synthetic and natural waters

Graphene oxide (GO) is widely employed due to its outstanding properties, leading to an increasing release into the environment and natural waters. Although some studies have reported on the photo-transformation of GO, its behavior in complex natural waters remains inadequately explored. This study demonstrates that different types of ions may promote the photoreduction of GO in the order of Ca2+ > K+ > NO3− > Na+ by interacting with the functional groups on the surface of GO, and the photoreduction is enhanced with increasing ion concentrations. Additionally, natural organic matter (NOM) can inhibit the photoreduction of GO by scavenging reactive oxygen species. However, with increasing NOM concentrations (≥ 5 mgC/L), more NOM adsorb onto the surface of GO through hydrogen bonding, Lewis acid-base interactions, and π-π interactions, thereby enhancing the photoreduction of GO. On this basis, our results further indicate that the combined effects of different ions, such as Ca2+, Mg2+, NOM, and other complex hydrochemical conditions in different natural waters can promote the photoreduction of GO, resulting in a reduction in oxygen functional groups and the formation of defects. This study provides a theoretical basis for assessing the long-term transformation and fate of GO in natural waters.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon: underpinning the contribution of specialist microbial species to contaminant mitigation in the soil.

The persistence of PAHs poses a significant challenge for conventional remediation approaches, necessitating the exploration of alternative, sustainable strategies for their mitigation. This review underscores the vital role of specialized microbial species (nitrogen-fixing, phosphate-solubilizing, and biosurfactant-producing bacteria) in tackling the environmental impact of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). These resistant compounds demand innovative remediation strategies. The study explores microbial metabolic capabilities for converting complex PAHs into less harmful byproducts, ensuring sustainable mitigation. Synthesizing literature from 2016 to 2023, it covers PAH characteristics, sources, and associated risks. Degradation mechanisms by bacteria and fungi, key species, and enzymatic processes are examined. Nitrogen-fixing and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria contributions in symbiotic relationships with plants are highlighted. Biosurfactant-producing bacteria enhance PAH solubility, expanding microbial accessibility for degradation. Cutting-edge trends in omics technologies, synthetic biology, genetic engineering, and nano-remediation offer promising avenues. Recommendations emphasize genetic regulation, field-scale studies, sustainability assessments, interdisciplinary collaboration, and knowledge dissemination. These insights pave the way for innovative, sustainable PAH-contaminated environment restoration.

Electromigration effect of nano-Fe3O4 in concrete under chloride erosion environment

In order to improve the effectiveness of electro-migration repair technology, researchers have introduced new materials to address the adverse effects of electrochemical repair on concrete, such as interface softening in reinforced concrete. In this study, a dispersed solution of nano-Fe3O4 was selected as the anode electrolyte. Concrete specimens were subjected to electric treatment for repair, and the entry of nano particles into the concrete under the action of an external electric field was investigated. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the repaired concrete material were analyzed using techniques such as potentiodynamic polarization curve, chemical titration, scanning electron microscopy, energy spectrum analysis, mercury intrusion porosimetry, and pull-out test. The results showed that after 15 days of electrochemical nano-repair, the passivation film on the steel reinforcement was repaired, resulting in a 57 % reduction in corrosion rate and prevention of further chloride ingress, thus improving the corrosion resistance of the reinforcement. Furthermore, the electrochemical nano-repair did not affect the outward migration of chloride ions from the concrete, with a chloride removal efficiency as high as 72.6 %. When the treatment duration was 15 days and the current density was 3 A/m2, the bond strength exhibited the greatest improvement, with an increase of 99.15 %. Compared to electrochemical chloride removal, the electrochemical nano-repair reduced the porosity in the middle and inner layers by 17.8 % and 14.8 %, respectively. Microstructural analysis revealed that the electromigrated nano-Fe3O4 particles were uniformly dispersed within the concrete, replacing harmful byproducts and filling the pores.

Fabrication of covellite supported spinel oxide CuCo2O4 hybrid nano-composite electrode for efficient overall water splitting

Hydrogen fuel being a green source of energy got attention as no harmful by-products are produced on its combustion. Hydrogen generation by water splitting via effective electrocatalyst is imperative. This study reports the synthesis of CuCo2O4 supported on CuS via hydrothermal technique and use it as electrocatalyst for hydrogen generation. Electrocatalysis using CuS/CuCo2O4 electrode in alkaline media, shows remarkably low overpotential of 286 and 135 mV at benchmark current density of 10 mA cm−2 for oxygen evolution and hydrogen evolution reactions (OER and HER), respectively. Strain and dislocation cause more defects in composite leading to increase in active sites. Modest Tafel value of 170 and 61 mV/dec for HER and OER, accordingly suggesting improved electrocatalytic efficiency and reaction kinetics of CuS/CuCo2O4 nano-composite. The CuS/CuCo2O4 nano-composite also shows higher values of TOF and electronic conductivity than CuS and CuCo2O4. Evaluation of durability over a 50-hour period shows little current loss, demonstrating that the generated nanocomposite’s remarkable stability and it also shows high electrocatalytic active surface area (139.6 cm−2).

Exploring Therapeutic Potential of Catalase: Strategies in Disease Prevention and Management.

The antioxidant defense mechanisms play a critical role in mitigating the deleterious effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Catalase stands out as a paramount enzymatic antioxidant. It efficiently catalyzes the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) into water and oxygen, a potentially harmful byproduct of cellular metabolism. This reaction detoxifies H2O2 and prevents oxidative damage. Catalase has been extensively studied as a therapeutic antioxidant. Its applications range from direct supplementation in conditions characterized by oxidative stress to gene therapy approaches to enhance endogenous catalase activity. The enzyme's stability, bioavailability, and the specificity of its delivery to target tissues are significant hurdles. Furthermore, studies employing conventional catalase formulations often face issues related to enzyme purity, activity, and longevity in the biological milieu. Addressing these challenges necessitates rigorous scientific inquiry and well-designed clinical trials. Such trials must be underpinned by sound experimental designs, incorporating advanced catalase formulations or novel delivery systems that can overcome existing limitations. Enhancing catalase's stability, specificity, and longevity in vivo could unlock its full therapeutic potential. It is necessary to understand the role of catalase in disease-specific contexts, paving the way for precision antioxidant therapy that could significantly impact the treatment of diseases associated with oxidative stress.

Soot formation and its hazards in battery thermal runaway

As an increasingly important solution for the energy industry, batteries are widely used in electric vehicles and energy storage systems. However, thermal runaway of batteries is a serious safety hazard. In this process, the materials in the battery undergo thermal decomposition and combustion, resulting in the formation of soot and other harmful byproducts and posing a significant threat to the environment and human health. In this work, LiFePO4 and ternary lithium batteries are selected as experimental subjects to comprehensively evaluate the soot hazard in the thermal runaway process. The LiFePO4 and ternary lithium battery soot samples exhibited a typical "core-shell" structure, with lattice spacings ranging between 0.36-0.46 and 0.35–0.46 nm, respectively. The surfaces of these materials are covered with functional groups, including C–C, C–O, and O–H bonds. Soot samples taken from the thermal runaway of ternary lithium batteries also contain O–CO and π bonds, consistent with the functional groups in wood soot. Through EDS and XPS characterization, it is evident that the LiFePO4 battery soot contains C, O, Li, F, P, and Fe, while the ternary lithium battery soot, in addition to these elements, also contains Ni, Co, and Mn. The battery soot samples exhibited significant cytotoxicity to human cells, such as lung cells (MRC-5) and neural cells (SH-SY5Y). With high concentrations of soot, the survival rate of lung cells and nerve cells is low. Compared to wood soot, battery soot causes greater damage to human lungs and neural cells. The research in this work contributes to a better understanding of the hazardous characteristics of soot in battery thermal runaway and its potential threats to human health, offering a crucial reference for enhancing battery safety and emergency responses.

Cobalt-substituted porous calcium copper titanate electrodes for paracetamol degradation by an electro-oxidation/peroxymonosulfate system

Developing cobalt-substituted perovskite electroactive membranes with an efficient Co/Cu combination mode is an important environmental challenge for removing drugs via peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation. In this work, cobalt (Co)-substituted calcium copper titanatewas synthesized with an easy ball milling process and used as an anode in electro-oxidation in the presence of PMS for paracetamol degradation. The Co-CCTO anode with a Co ratio of 0.5 showed the highest removal efficiency (100 % of 10 ppm paracetamol after 180 min) due to the increase of the active sites and the appearance of the Co2+/Co3+ cycle that accelerates the charge transfer with Co incorporation into the lattice. Scavenger experiments showed that sulfate radicals (SO4̇−), oxygen radicals (O2̇-), hydroxyl radicals (̇OH), and singlet oxygen (1O2) were generated in the electro-oxidation-PMS reaction system and that SO4̇−, 1O2, and O2̇- were the dominant active radicals. The toxicity tests with Vibrio fischeri confirmed paracetamol mineralization and decomposition and the elimination of harmful by-products. It is crucial to explore the substitution of CCTO with different metal dopants in order to optimize the membrane performance and overcome the limitations associated with cobalt substitution.

Biomaterial-based sponge for efficient and environmentally sound removal of bacteria from water

Designing materials capable of disinfecting water without releasing harmful by-products is an ongoing challenge. Here, we report a novel polycationic sponge material synthesized from chitosan derivatives and cellulose fibers, exhibiting antibacterial properties. The design of such material is based on three key principles. First, the formation of a highly porous structure through cryogelation for an extensive surface area. Second, the incorporation of cationic quaternary ammonium moieties onto chitosan to enhance bacterial adsorption and antibacterial activity. Lastly, the reinforcement of mechanical properties through integration of cellulose fibers. The presented sponge materials exhibit up to a 4-log (99.99%) reduction within 6 h against both gram-positive B. subtilis and gram-negative E. coli. Notably, QCHI90/Cell, with the highest surface charge, exhibits a 2–4.5 log reduction within 1 h of incubation time. The eco-friendly synthesis from water and readily available biomaterials, along with cost-effectiveness and simplicity, underscores its versatility and feasibility of upscaling. Together with its outstanding antibacterial activity, this macroporous biomaterial emerges as a promising candidate for water disinfection applications.

Design of a pebbles-like erbium stannate integrated with graphene nanoribbons for the anti-cancer drug nilutamide detection in water and biological samples

The invention of antibiotics revolutionized modern medicine, yet their unchecked usage poses risks to the environment and human health. Nilutamide (NLT), an anti-androgen drug for prostate cancer, undergoes hepatic metabolism, producing harmful by-products. Recent studies have detected elevated NLT levels in ecosystems, demanding comprehensive monitoring. Electrochemical sensors have evolved, offering compact, sensitive, and selective detection. Integration of nanotechnology has further enhanced these sensors, particularly graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) and pyrochlore oxides like erbium stannate (Er2Sn2O7). This study focuses on fabricating a GNR/Er2Sn2O7 nanocomposite-modified electrode and proposing its application for NLT detection in water and human samples. The nanocomposite's hierarchical arrangement, facilitated by synergistic effects and quantum confinement within the hybrid heterojunction, enhances the electrode modifier's activation, enabling the detection of NLT with an outstanding limit of detection (LOD) as well as a wide linear range and appreciable recoveries in real samples.

Effect of support structure of Pt/silicaite-1 catalyst on non-thermal plasma (NTP) assisted chlorobenzene degradation and PCDD/Fs formation

Development of efficient catalysts for non-thermal plasma (NTP) assisted catalysis to mitigate the formation of harmful by-products is a significant challenge in the degradation of chlorinated volatile organic compounds (Cl–VOCs). In this study, catalytically active Pt nanoparticles supported on non-porous SiO2 and silicalite-1 zeolites (S1) with different pore structure were comparatively investigated for catalytic chlorobenzene degradation under NTP condition. It was shown that the pore structure could significantly impact the metal size and metal dispersion rate. Pt supported on modified S1 hierarchical meso-micro-porous silicalite-1 (Pt/D-S1) exhibited the smallest particle size (∼6.19 nm) and the highest dispersion rate (∼1.87). Additionally, Pt/D-S1 demonstrated superior catalytic performance compared to the other catalysts, achieving the highest chlorobenzene conversion and COx selectivity at about 80% and 75%, respectively. Furthermore, the pore structure also affected the formation of by-products according to the findings from GC-MS analysis. Pt/SiO2 generated a total of 18 different species of organic compounds, whereas only 12 species of organic by-products were identified in the Pt/D-S1 system (e.g. polychlorinated compounds like 3,4 dichlorophenol were exclusively identified in Pt/SiO2). Moreover, dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyl and other chlorinated organic compounds, which have potential to form highly toxic dioxins, were detected in the catalysts. HRGC-HRMS confirmed and quantified the 17 different dioxin/furans formed on Pt/SiO2 (25,100 ng TEQ kg−1), Pt/S1 (515 ng TEQ kg−1) and Pt/D-S1 (367 ng TEQ kg−1). The correlation between synthesis-structure-performance in this study provides insights into the design of catalysts for deep oxidation of Cl–VOCs in NTP system.

Development Prospects for Nuclear and Solar Energy in The U.S.

Global-wise, Fossil fuels dominate the global energy mix currently with significant drawbacks, for example, increasing prices, harmful byproducts emissions, etc. Realizing this, the U.S. stepped their first step out towards a carbon neutrality world by introducing their ambitious plan of net-zero emissions by 2050. Since then, the development of Renewable Energy has been strongly promoted in the U.S. Two most potential energies, solar and nuclear energy, are aggressively evolving and spreading across the U.S. Solar energy favors the society's needs by its lower cost and higher efficiency while the nuclear energy leads the RE (renewable energy) mix according to its huge potential. This article will introduce you to all the significant knowledge that you need to know in order to compare them and get conclusions. It’s short but precise, advantages and disadvantages of each will be shown objectively and some subjective comparison in the end will enhance your thinking and help your understanding.

BIO-MITIGATION STUDIES OF ARTIFICIAL SWEETENER IN WASTE WATER: A REVIEW

Artificial sweeteners, which are widely used in modern diets and are persistent and may have negative effects on aquatic ecosystems, such as saccharin (SAC), cyclamate (CYC), aspartame (ASP), acesulfame (ACE), sucralose (SUC), alitame (ALT), neotame (NEO), and neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NSDH), are being found in wastewater effluents at an increasing rate. In order to address this problem, bio-mitigation studies have shown promise as a method of reducing the harm that wastewater-borne artificial sweeteners do to the environment. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in bio-mitigation approaches for artificial sweeteners in wastewater treatment systems. Firstly, the prevalence and persistence of artificial sweeteners in wastewater are discussed, highlighting their widespread occurrence and challenges associated with their removal during conventional wastewater treatment processes. Subsequently, various bio-mitigation strategies are examined, including microbial degradation, phytoremediation, and advanced oxidation processes. Microbial degradation, facilitated by diverse microbial communities, has shown potential for degrading artificial sweeteners into less harmful byproducts. several other techniques like Photocatalytic Degradation, Bank filtration, Granular activated carbon (GAC), advanced oxidation processes, such as ozonation and UV/H2O2 treatment, are explored for their ability to degrade artificial sweeteners into non-toxic compounds.

In vitro antioxidant effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Cassia tora aerial part using different models

Background: Free radicals, harmful by-products of a cell's natural metabolism, are responsible for various health problems. The search for plant-based supplements or medicines is always in high demand, as is the antioxidant activity that contributes to the therapeutic efficacy of plants. Aim: In the present study, the hydroalcoholic extracts from the aerial parts of Cassia tora were used for in vitro analysis of their antioxidant activity. Methods: Six separate assay methods were used to evaluate the antioxidant activity, i.e., against hydroxyl radical, DPPH, superoxide anions, nitric oxide, and also total flavonoid and phenolic content, were investigated. This was done by standardizing hydroalcoholic extract (70/30 ethanol to water) of Cassia tora and ascorbic acid. Results: Percentage scavenging activity and IC50 value were measured for extract prepared at various concentrations. The results IC50 values were 25.54 µg/ml, 45.04 µg/ml, 36.56 µg/ml, and 97.61 µg/ml for DPPH, superoxide radicals, hydroxyl radicals, and nitric oxide, respectively. Subsequently, the total phenolic and flavonoid content in the extract obtained was 1.927±0.73 mg GAE/gm and 1.018±0.29 mg QE/gm, respectively. Conclusion: The hydroalcoholic extract of Cassia tora contains more phytoconstituents. This suggests it has a wide range of medicinal antioxidant properties that make it helpful in treating many diseases. With the increasing demand for safer herbal treatments, scientific efforts in this field are making significant contributions and advances and supporting innovation.

Quantification of Byproduct Formation from Portable Air Cleaners Using a Proposed Standard Test Method.

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, air cleaning technologies were promoted as useful tools for disinfecting public spaces and combating airborne pathogen transmission. However, no standard method exists to assess the potentially harmful byproduct formation from air cleaners. Through a consensus standard development process, a draft standard test method to assess portable air cleaner performance was developed, and a suite of air cleaners employing seven different technologies was tested. The test method quantifies not only the removal efficiency of a challenge chemical suite and ultrafine particulate matter but also byproduct formation. Clean air delivery rates (CADRs) are used to quantify the chemical and particle removal efficiencies, and an emission rate framework is used to quantify the formation of formaldehyde, ozone, and other volatile organic compounds. We find that the tested photocatalytic oxidation and germicidal ultraviolet light (GUV) technologies produced the highest levels of aldehyde byproducts having emission rates of 202 and 243 μg h-1, respectively. Additionally, GUV using two different wavelengths, 222 and 254 nm, both produced ultrafine particulate matter.

Chlorination of Aromatic Amino Acids: Elucidating Disinfection Byproducts, Reaction Kinetics, and Influence Factors.

In the face of ongoing water pollution challenges, the intricate interplay between dissolved organic matter and disinfectants like chlorine gives rise to potentially harmful disinfection byproducts (DBPs) during water treatment. The exploration of DBP formation originating from amino acids (AA) is a critical focus of global research. Aromatic DBPs, in particular, have garnered considerable attention due to their markedly higher toxicity compared to their aliphatic counterparts. This work seeks to advance the understanding of DBP formation by investigating chlorination disinfection and kinetics using tyrosine (Tyr), phenylalanine (Phe), and tryptophan (Trp) as precursors. Via rigorous experiments, a total of 15 distinct DBPs with accurate molecular structures were successfully identified. The chlorination of all three AAs yielded highly toxic chlorophenylacetonitriles (CPANs), and the disinfectant dosage and pH value of the reaction system potentially influence chlorination kinetics. Notably, Phe exhibited the highest degradation rate compared to Tyr and Trp, at both the CAA:CHOCl ratio of within 1:2 and a wide pH range (6.0 to 9.0). Additionally, a neutral pH environment triggered the maximal reaction rates of the three AAs, while an acidic condition may reduce their reactivity. Overall, this study aims to augment the DBP database and foster a deeper comprehension of the DBP formation and relevant kinetics underlying the chlorination of aromatic AAs.

Alternative Concepts for Extruded Power Cable Insulation: from Thermosets to Thermoplastics.

The most common type of insulation of extruded high-voltage power cables is composed of low-density polyethylene (LDPE), which must be crosslinked to adjust its thermomechanical properties. A major drawback is the need for hazardous curing agents and the release of harmful curing byproducts during cable production, while the thermoset nature complicates reprocessing of the insulation material. This perspective explores recent progress in the development of alternative concepts that allow to avoid byproducts through either click chemistry type curing of polyethylene-based copolymers or the use of polyolefin blends or copolymers, which entirely removes the need for crosslinking. Moreover, polypropylene-based thermoplastic formulations enable the design of insulation materials that can withstand higher cable operating temperatures and facilitate reprocessing by remelting once the cable reaches the end of its lifetime. Finally, polyethylene-based covalent and non-covalent adaptable networks are explored, which may allow to combine the advantages of thermoset and thermoplastic insulation materials in terms of thermomechanical properties and reprocessability.

The removal of pathogenic bacteria and dissolved organic matter from freshwater using microporous membranes: insights into biofilm formation and fouling reversibility

Pathogenic bacteria in drinking-water pose a health risk to consumers, as they compromise the quality of portable water. Chemical disinfection of water containing dissolved organic matter (DOM) causes harmful disinfection by-products. In this work, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (4-HBA) blended polyethersulfone membranes were fabricated and characterised using microscopic and spectroscopic techniques. The membranes were evaluated for the removal of bacteria and DOM from synthetic and environmental water. Permeate flux increased from 287.30 to 374.60 l m−2 h−1 at 3 bars when 4-HBA increased from 0 to 1.5 wt.%, suggesting that 4-HBA influenced the membrane’s affinity for water. Furthermore, 4-HBA demonstrated antimicrobial properties by inhibiting bacterial growth. The membrane with 1 wt.% 4-HBA recorded 99.4 and 100% bacteria removal in synthetic and environmental water, respectively. Additionally, DOM removal of 55–73% was achieved. A flux recovery ratio (FRR) of 94.6% was obtained when a mixture of bacteria and humic acid was filtered, implying better fouling layer reversibility during cleaning. Furthermore, 100% FRR was achieved when a multimedia granular filtration step was installed prior to membrane filtration. The results illustrated that the membranes had a high permeate flux with low irreversible fouling. This indicated the potential of the membranes in treating complex feed streams using simple cleaning protocols.

On the geometry and material stability of tubular PVDF-TiO2 static mixer membrane contactors for photocatalytic ozonation of micropollutants

The prevention of ozone hotspots in ozonation reactors for wastewater treatment is essential for effective degradation of micropollutants without forming harmful by-products. Membrane contactors can provide a bubble-free ozonation process that is able to decrease by-product formation, e.g., bromate formation in bromide-charged wastewater. Furthermore, the geometry of the reactor influences the distribution of dissolved ozone in a membrane contactor. Turbulence promoters can significantly decrease ozone hotspots and increase ozone mass transfer into wastewater. This work presents a fabrication methodology to produce PVDF-TiO2 helical static mixer membranes using the rotation-in-a-spinneret technology. Static mixer membranes combine the functionality of a membrane contactor and a static mixer in a single component. Furthermore, the PVDF matrix is doped with TiO2 particles as photocatalyst. Thus, we present a membrane-based photocatalytic ozonation process to increase the concentration of hydroxyl radicals for degradation of micropollutants under UV radiation. Static mixer membranes increase the ozone mass transfer coefficient by 70% compared to conventional hollow fiber membranes. Furthermore, the specific photocatalytic degradation rate of methylene blue increases by 50% using static mixer membranes. However, this work also reveals a lack of long-term stability of PVDF-TiO2 membranes in the corrosive environment of photocatalytic ozonation. The molecular weight of PVDF decreases by 11% after use in photocatalytic ozonation resulting in a loss of mechanical stability of the membranes. Similar material concepts are required based on ceramic materials which avoid wetting of the porosity.