Hare Research Articles

The triumph of the friendly: A review of Brian Hare and Vanessa Woods, survival of the friendliest

The triumph of the friendly: A review of Brian Hare and Vanessa Woods, survival of the friendliest

Meteorological data recommendations for input to dispersion models applied to Jack Rabbit II trials

Abstract The Jack Rabbit II (JR II) chlorine field experiment observations are being used in a multi-dispersion model comparison exercise. So that all models are using consistent meteorological inputs, we analyzed the many early-morning meteorological observations that were taken at Dugway Proving Ground (DPG), Utah, during the nine chlorine release trials during JR II to produce recommendations for surface and vertical profile meteorological variables. The JR II field experiment included a mesonetwork of about 35 surface wind sites, a surface energy balance site, three 32 m towers located 1 km apart, and several vertical sounding instruments. The challenge is to determine a single set of meteorological inputs for the dispersion models. It is assumed that the recommended meteorological conditions represent the flat desert about 100 m upwind of the chlorine release location. Recommendations of surface winds, and momentum and sensible heat fluxes for each early-morning field trial are based on averages of sonic anemometer observations at 2 m on the upwind 32 m tower and at 2.5 m on a nearby “Energy Balance” station, for the half hour period during which the chlorine release took place. These observations were also used to estimate the surface roughness length, zo = 0.5 mm, for the flat desert. Single vertical profiles of wind speed, wind direction, and temperature are specified for each trial for a time close to the chlorine release time, based on medians of observations at five levels on the three 32 m towers, a radiosonde, a minisodar, and two wind profilers (449 MHz and 921 MHz). During the early morning releases, as the sun rose and heated the surface, the boundary layer was transient. The surface boundary layer was stable for releases from about 7:30 to about 8:30 (local time) and was marked by a shallow mixed layer (about 8–16 m) for releases during the next hour. Above the 32 m tower tops, the atmosphere was stable during all release trials up to elevations of a few hundred meters. Large wind direction shears were usually found in this layer, since the near-surface flow was a drainage (katabatic) down-valley flow (from about 165°), while the synoptic flow above 100 m was from the west.

Three-dimensional velocity and concentration measurements and simulations of a scaled Jack Rabbit II mock urban array

Abstract Magnetic resonance (MR) techniques provide non-invasive, three-dimensional measurements of velocity and concentration fields. Applying MR techniques to measure flows of contaminants through urban arrays provides a wealth of information that is difficult to obtain with large-scale field tests. In this project, a 1:188 scaled model of the phase 1 Jack Rabbit II field test was replicated and studied using a water tunnel with properties chosen to mimic field conditions. Three-dimensional, time-averaged flow data was measured using magnetic resonance velocimetry (MRV) and magnetic resonance concentration (MRC) techniques. The scaled flow was also modeled with large-eddy simulations (LES) to provide a dataset for comparison with the MR based measurements. Despite a complex, three-dimensional flow field, both velocity and concentration show good agreement between the experimental measurements and simulation data. Measurement uncertainty was estimated to be ± 5 % of each of the measured velocity components at each location for MRV and ± 4 % of the measured concentration at each location for MRC.

Britter and McQuaid (B&M) 1988 workbook nomograms for dense gas modeling applied to the Jack Rabbit II chlorine release trials

Abstract The Britter and McQuaid (B&M) 1988 Workbook for Dense Gas Modeling uses principles of basic physics and thermodynamics to develop simplified nomograms for calculating dense gas dispersion, involving dimensionless combinations of the fundamental variables and parameters. There is one nomogram for instantaneous releases, and another for continuous releases. The B&M nomograms were applied to the three Jack Rabbit II (JR II) chlorine release trials being used for the multi-model comparison described in other papers in this special issue. The intent was to use the B&M model as a baseline against which other, more sophisticated models, could be compared. In any model applied to the JR II trials, it is important to properly initialize the cloud characteristics (geometry, density, etc.). The B&M handbook has a simple basic thermodynamics method to calculate the initial size and density of a cloud released as a two-phase pure mixture. It is shown that the B&M nomograms’ predictions of arc maximum concentration (arc max C) for JR II trials 1, 6, and 7 have skill about in the middle of the group of 17 models that are being compared. The B&M predictions are relatively unbiased for Trials 6 and 7 (which has the largest arc max C), but overpredict by a factor of 2 or 3 for Trial 1. It is concluded that the B&M nomograms are conservative and are adequate for first-cut estimates of maximum concentrations following large scale dense gas releases.

Comparison of the predictive results from the two dispersion models PUMA and LPELLO with the JR II field data

Abstract Events triggered by unfortunate accidents or malicious antagonistic attacks bear witness to the great health risks involved in sudden releases of poisonous liquefied gases. For the society to be better prepared for these types of crises, experimental data from controlled releases is essential. To address this, a set of large scale releases of chlorine gas was conducted in the Jack Rabbit II field trials. The resulting dense gas plumes were monitored at distances up to 11 km by means of a comprising network of sensors. A group of international researchers involved in atmospheric dispersion modelling was formed to reproduce the field trials with different models as a benchmarking process to collectively improve upon the model suite and, in the end, be able to provide enhanced support to the society. The Swedish Defence Research Agency has previously developed two custom-made models for atmospheric dispersion on the local scale: PUMA and LPELLO. They use different modelling schemes but are able to handle the same types of dispersion processes. The validation process presented in this study was based on three selected field trials from Jack Rabbit II. Necessary meteorology and source data was, with some simplifications, congregated and distributed by the organizers to obtain a high degree of uniformity in the input data for the different models. Simulations were conducted by replicating these prerequisites whereby the resulting concentration plumes were analysed and compared with the measured data. There are many different metrics, properties and phenomena to scrutinize in a model validation process. After a thorough analysis, it was found that the two models showed similar plume behaviours in some aspects but also possessed quite diverse characteristics in others. In particular, the simulated concentration maxima were in general higher than the measurements indicate, which is analysed and discussed in detail. Findings and analyses presented here will have bearing on other dispersion models using similar schemes.

Goose and hare faeces as a source of nutrients and dissolved organic matter for bacterial communities in the newly formed proglacial lake Ventisquero Negro (Patagonia, Argentina)

Fil: Vega, Evelyn Nathalie. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche. Laboratorio de Limnologia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universidad Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; Argentina

'Magpies and Hare': Cui Bai's Commentary on Marriage, Eunuchs, and Self-awareness

'Magpies and Hare': Cui Bai's Commentary on Marriage, Eunuchs, and Self-awareness

Hare's error

Hare's error

Particulate matter emission factors using low-dust harvesters for almond nut-picking operations

ABSTRACT The lack of an available particulate matter (PM) PM2.5 emission factor for almond harvesting operations has become a challenge for particulate matter regulations and emissions inventory in California. Low-dust harvesters are viewed as one of the strategies to reduce PM emissions and help achieve the state’s PM2.5 attainment targets. This paper evaluates the potential emission reduction from using low-dust harvesters compared to the conventional. Orchard boundary measurements of PM concentrations were collected to back-calculate emission rates using inverse dispersion modeling. Emissions from four low-dust harvesters (Flory 850, Exact E3800, Weiss-McNair 9800 and Jack Rabbit) were compared to those from a conventional harvester (Flory 480) in two orchards, located in the Fresno County. Emissions of PM2.5, PM10 and total suspended particles were observed to be lower for all new harvesters compared to the conventional harvester. The range of reductions varies from about 40% to 77% in PM2.5 emissions based on emission factors generated. The average ratio of PM10 to PM2.5 emissions is about 12.5%. The results of these tests imply that these new low-dust harvesters are capable of reducing PM emissions without affecting product quality. Therefore, the San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District should consider including the use of these new harvesters in the conservation management practices (CMP) for the reduction of PM emissions in the valley. Implications: The results of this research indicate that almond low-dust harvesters could potentially reduce PM emissions over traditional harvesters without any negative effect on product quality. Therefore, the use of these new harvesters should be considered as part of almond best management practices and updating of emissions inventory in the San Joaquin Valley.

규정주의에 관한 아리스토텔레스와 R.M 헤어의 이론 비교

규정주의에 관한 아리스토텔레스와 R.M 헤어의 이론 비교

Transient large-scale chlorine releases in the Jack Rabbit II field tests: Rainout source data analysis from video records

Sponsored by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security Science & Technology (DHS S&T) Chemical Security Analysis Center (CSAC), the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA), Transport Canada, and Defence Research and Development Canada (DRDC), the Jack Rabbit II tests were designed to release liquid chlorine at ambient temperature in quantities of 5–20 T for the purpose of quantifying the behavior and hazards of catastrophic chlorine releases at scales represented by rail and truck transport vessels. In 2015, five successful field trials were conducted in which chlorine was released in quantities of 5–10 tons through a 6-inch circular breach in the tank and directed vertically downward at 1 m elevation over a concrete pad. In 2016, three additional trials were conducted with releases of 10 tons also through 6-inch circular breaches at different release orientations. A final 20 ton test was conducted in 2016. Data from the test program is available. This paper summarizes an analysis of the available data from the concrete pad including analysis of the temperature measurements above and below grade in the concrete pad. Assessment of the chlorine rainout is estimated based on temperature measurements and available video data analysis.

Sharing books…: Bear and Hare: Mine!

Nursery WorldVol. 2019, No. 4 EYFS ActivitiesSharing books…: Bear and Hare: Mine!Emily GravettEmily GravettSearch for more papers by this authorEmily GravettPublished Online:26 Feb 2019https://doi.org/10.12968/nuwa.2019.4.21AboutSectionsView articleView Full TextPDF/EPUB ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail View article FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails 18 February 2019Volume 2019Issue 4ISSN (print): 0029-6422ISSN (online): 2059-9358 Metrics History Published online 26 February 2019 Published in print 18 February 2019 Information© MA Education LimitedPDF download

Note a margine su natura demoniaca, sessualità e donna in Bhagavadgītā As It Is di A. C. Bhaktivedānta Svāmī Prabhupāda

The article analyses three recurring concepts in the Bhagavadgītā As It Is written by Bhaktivedānta Svāmī Prabhupāda (the founder of the Hare Kṛṣṇa movement): the demoniac nature, the sexuality, and the woman. The research investigates the use and meaning of these three concepts and how they are linked to each other by a basic doctrine of aversion of materiality. The doctrine of Svāmī Prabhupāda will be defined a “Traditional Worldly Asceticism” as a result of a comparison between the Hare Kṛṣṇa movement and the works and ideas of western scholars such as Wilhelm Halbfass and Max Weber.

Lagomorphs: Pikas, Rabbits and Hares of the World

Lagomorphs: Pikas, Rabbits and Hares of the World

Dense gas dispersion model development and testing for the Jack Rabbit II phase 1 chlorine release experiments

In 2015 and 2016, the US Army conducted a series of large-scale chlorine releases at the Dugway Proving Ground in Utah, known as the Jack Rabbit II trials. The purpose of these experiments was to improve our understanding of pressure-liquefied chlorine releases and atmospheric dispersion, and provide useful practical knowledge for emergency responders. The tests conducted in 2015 featured a grid of Conex shipping containers around the release point to simulate a mock urban array of buildings, while the tests in 2016 studied different release orientations and culminated in the full discharge of a 20-ton chlorine road tanker.Before, during and after these experiments, a group of dispersion modelling experts from around the world collaborated in simulating the tests to help configure the experiments and evaluate the performance of models. This paper presents the progress made in that modelling activity by two of the groups involved: the UK Health and Safety Executive (HSE) and the US National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR). The models tested by HSE and NCAR range in complexity from integral models that can be run quickly for emergency response to Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) models that require days of computing time. This paper summarizes these groups' analysis of the 2015 experimental data and initial model findings, and outlines future research directions.The discharge model predictions by HSE show that meta-stable models tended to over-predict the measured release rate from the chlorine tank, whilst flashing models under-predicted the release rate. CFD simulations of the near-field flow behavior show that the chlorine cloud was initially directed laterally, out of the sides of the mock urban array, due to the alignment of Conex containers. The two integral models tested by HSE (DRIFT and PHAST) provide best agreement with the downwind concentration data when they take into account the rainout of liquid from the impinging two-phase jet. The two models tend to over-predict concentrations slightly, but many of the measurements may have under-recorded the peak concentrations, due to sensors saturating and the clouds bypassing sensors. The newly-developed NCAR integral model accounts for the transition from momentum to buoyancy-dominated behavior and shows promising agreement with the CFD results and measured concentrations. In addition, it reproduces the observed −5/3 power law decay in concentration at large distances.Efforts are continuing on analysis of the Jack Rabbit II experiments and a collaborative international model inter-comparison exercise is currently underway. Additional papers by the coordinators of that exercise and other experts should be forthcoming. The Jack Rabbit II dataset will no doubt be used for decades to come as a seminal test case for validating flashing jet and dense gas dispersion models.

God’s Command, written by John E. Hare

God’s Command, written by John E. Hare

Quantifying the mass discharge rate of flashing two phase releases through simple holes to the atmosphere

Many toxic industrial chemicals (TICs) such as chlorine and ammonia are stored as liquids at ambient temperature which flash when released to atmospheric pressure. Sponsored by the Chemical Security Analysis Center (CSAC) of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) of the U.S. Department of Defense, and Transport Canada, the Jack Rabbit II tests were designed to release liquid chlorine at ambient temperature in quantities of 4,500–18,000 kg (5 to 20 T) to quantify the hazards of catastrophic release at scales represented by rail and truck transport vessels. All trials were conducted releasing chlorine through a 15.2 cm (6 in) circular breach in the 9,100 kg (10 T) capacity test vessel (disseminator) at different orientations (vertically downward, 45° below horizontal, and vertically up). A final 18,000 kg (20 T) release was made vertically downward using a truck vessel. This article analyzes disseminator load cell data to determine the mass release rate. Along with this data, previously published data are also considered to quantify the impact on release rate of flash fraction and superheat limit temperature for various materials. This work develops a general approach to quantifying the mass release rate of flashing two phase releases of TICs and other flashing liquids such as cryogenics. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Process Saf Prog 37:382–396, 2018

The evidence for a birth order factor in schizophrenia.

The evidence for a birth order factor in schizophrenia is reviewed, and a paradoxical situation is revealed. Previous conclusions pointing to an over-representation of early born from small families and late born from large are confused by the report of a large sample of psychiatric patients by Hare and Price. This showed that similar distortions in birth order distribution occur in the non-schizophrenic patients to a greater extent than in the schizophrenic patients. An attempt is made to resolve this paradox. The reported distortions are assumed to be a feature of the general population. It is then hypothesized that they are diminished in the schizophrenic sample by a secondary over representation of another intermediate birth position. Evidence is given for a specific over-representation of the last-but-one position in schizophrenic samples.

Conviviality?: Eating Together with Hare Krishna Believers

Conviviality?: Eating Together with Hare Krishna Believers

Can’t You Run with the Hare and Hunt with the Hounds? Social Reform and Political Strategy in Cyropaedia’s Distribution of Weapons

espanolEl presente trabajo busca analizar las estrategias politicas utilizadas por Ciro para lograr sus objetivos en el reparto de armas al pueblo en la Ciropedia de Jenofonte. Este episodio es una instancia clave en el proyecto del principe persa: Ciro se propone armar a los auxiliares, equiparando su situacion militar a la de los homotimoi. En este movimiento abrira para el pueblo llano el acceso a premios y cargos, lo que representara una intensa reforma politico-social. A partir de un estudio detallado de las secciones mencionadas, mostraremos que concepcion de justicia opera detras del proyecto de Ciro, como logra los fines propuestos, y que imagen de gobernante encarna el principe persa. EnglishThis article seeks to analyze the political strategies used by Cyrus to achieve his objectives in the distribution of weapons to the commoners in Xenophon’s Cyropaedia. This episode is a key instance in the Persian prince imperial project –Cyrus intends to arm the auxiliaries, equating their military situation with that of the homotimoi. This change will enable the commoners to access to prizes and political positions, which will represent an intense sociopolitical reform. Undertaking a detailed study of the above mentioned sections, we will show what conception of justice operates behind the Cyrus project, how he accomplishes his envisioned goals, and what image of ruler embodies the Persian prince.