Hare Research Articles

The White-Tailed Jack Rabbit in Missouri

The White-Tailed Jack Rabbit in Missouri

Evolution studies of rabbit allotypes-II. Gamma and MU chain sharing of a locus markers and L chain location of b locus markers

An IgM-rich fraction was isolated from serum of Sylvilagus floridanus (cottontail rabbit) and of Lepus californicus (black-tail Jack Rabbit). Immunodiffusion and immunodifusion inhibition assay showed the fractions to be free of IgG contamination. Indirect radioimmunoassay inhibition experiments suggested that IgM molecules of each genus bear antigenic determinants reactive with alloantisera specific for a locus markers of Ig molecules of Oryctolagus cuniculus. Further, Lepus IgM was shown by radioimmunoassay inhibition to ehibit L chain markers coded by the b locus in Oryctolagus. These data provided an evolutionary basis for Ig V-region sharing among C-region genes for a L chain sharing among diferent Ig classes.

Yersiniosis in mammals and birds in the United States: case reports and review.

Abstract Yersinia pseudotuberculosis infection has been reporte in the United States in six species of domestic mammal (cat, cow, goat, rabbit, sheep, and swine), five species of wild mammal including black-tailed jack rabbit (Lepus californicus), white-tailed antelope squirrel (Citellus lecurus), eastern cottontail (Sylvilagus floridanus), black-faced kangaroo (Macropus melanops), and albino fallow deer (Dama dama), and three birds (canary, dove, and pigeon). Also, epizootics in chinchilla caused by Yersinia enterocolitica have been recorded in the United States. The importance of intestinal carriers in fecal-oral spread of infection is emphasized in the epizootiology of yersiniosis (infection with Y. pseudotuberculosis or Y. enterocolitica). Wild birds and rodents appear to be significant reservoirs of Y. pseudotuberculosis, but birds have not been found infected with Y. enterocolitica.

Dimorphism in a new isolate of Saccharomycopsis Schiönning

Two strains of Saccharomycopsis guttulata Robin (Schiönning) were isolated from two out of four specimens of Lepus californicus, the wild jack rabbit of California. One isolate was similar to typical strains with budding cells occurring in domestic rabbits. The second strain was atypical in being dimorphic. Colonies of the yeast form, consisting of budding cells, were smooth and glistening, while those of the filamentous form were irregular, rough, and dull. The filamentous form consisted of septate, branched hyphae, radiating from a central origin of growth. New filaments generally were initiated by fragmentation. The two new strains were similar to domestic strains in assimilation and fermentation reactions and grew only between 30 and 40C. Both strains formed ascospores at 18C. The filamentous strain, unlike other S. guttulata strains, was not carbon dioxide dependent at 37C but did require oxygen. At 30C it became carbon dioxide dependent. During the stationary phase, a morphogenetic change occurred from the filamentous form to a yeast form, which was stimulated by anaerobic conditions. The budding form of the filamentous strain was relatively stable in culture and at either 30 or 37C it was carbon dioxide dependent. Spontaneous reversions from the budding to the filamentous form appear to occur sporadically.

Is Hare's Prescriptivism Morally Neutral?

Is Hare's Prescriptivism Morally Neutral?

The Birth of Penicillin and the Disarming of Microbes, by Ronald Hare, London, George Allen & Unwin, 1970, pp. 236, illus., £3.15

The Birth of Penicillin and the Disarming of Microbes, by Ronald Hare, London, George Allen & Unwin, 1970, pp. 236, illus., £3.15

New Light on a Legend

The Birth of Penicillin and the Disarming of Microbes By Ronald Hare. Pp. 236 + 8 plates. (Allen and Unwin: London, July 1970.) 63s.

The Hunt of the Hare in "Das Häslein"

The Hunt of the Hare in "Das Häslein"

Reproductive Biology of the White-Tailed Jack Rabbit in North Dakota

Reproductive Biology of the White-Tailed Jack Rabbit in North Dakota

An Ecological Study of the Swift Fox (Vulpes velox) in the Oklahoma Panhandle

Swift foxes studied in Beaver Co., Oklahoma, in 1965 and 1966 used dens throughout the year. Most dens had multiple entrances and were placed in open situations. Additional entrances were added prior to whelping. Location of dens seems to depend on properties of the soil including its friability. Dens in cultivated fields were temporary, infrequently used, and relatively shallow; those in pastures deeper and more permanent. Breeding begins in late December and most whelps are born around 1 April, average 5 (3 to 6) per litter. Family groups remain together until late August, when first-year individuals have attained adult size. Swift foxes probably pair and mate in their first year. Early growth rates are the same for both sexes, but adult males are larger than females. Adult foxes were heavily parasitized by fleas, ticks, cestodes and nematodes. The cestode Taenia multiceps and the tick Ixodes kingi are here first reported from swift foxes. The composition of 488 scats examined indicates that Sylvilagus sp. comprise over half the bulk of food consumed in early spring. Other important prey included birds, jack rabbits, and various rodents. Mammals other than lagomorphs account for 82% of the biomass represented in an autumn sample of scats. Remains at dens were those of larger prey species and hence were not a true representation of the food habits. Predation by swift foxes seems to be random and non-selective. Insects comprised the largest percentage of individuals represented in scats and stomachs, but are not significant in terms of biomass.

The Eye Lens as an Indicator of Age in the Black-Tailed Jack Rabbit

The Eye Lens as an Indicator of Age in the Black-Tailed Jack Rabbit

Hugh Frederick Hare, M.D. 1902-1967.

Hugh Frederick Hare, M.D. 1902-1967.

Experimental infection of lagomorphs with Rickettsia rickettsii.

SummaryThe pathogenesis and spotted-fever-group complement-fixing (CF) antibody responses of black-tailed jack rabbits and cottontails following inoculation with Rickettsia rickettsii were investigated. Cottontails inoculated 1 month after being trapped did not have rickettsemia that persisted for as long as it did in cottontails 9 months after capture. Of nine jack rabbits tested, rickettsemia lasting for 6 days developed in two. There was a marked variation in the persistence of rickettsemia in the cottontails and jack rabbits tested. There did not appear to be any tendency for latent infection in cottontails, as rickettsiae did not persist for longer than 20 days in the tissues of the animals tested. CF antibody was readily found in jack rabbits, but the response in cottontails was variable, and some cottontails known to have been infected did not have CF antibodies injected with a soluble antigen.It was concluded that the jack rabbit may not be as important in the cycle of R. rickettsii in nature as previously believed and that cottontails are of greater importance in the dissemination of R. rickettsii in nature.

On Hare's "Better"

In this note I question this claim by indicating some of the unacceptable consequences of Hare's definition. As a preliminary, we need to decide whether Hare means the If . . . then . which occurs in it to be rendered as material implication. In a discussion of the conditions under which the advice lectures on the Ethics are better than would have been ignored, Hare makes it fairly clear that the conditional is to be taken as material implication; for he says that only in the case of the pupil's going to B's lectures and not to A's can the pupil be accused of not taking the advice. However, Hare has confused the issue by saying just prior to the discussion of this example:

Microcosm and Macrocosm. By H. M. Hare.

Microcosm and Macrocosm. By H. M. Hare.

Hare on ideals and interests

Hare on ideals and interests

Experimental studies with four species of Brucella in selected wildlife, laboratory, and domestic animals.

SummaryStudies were conducted on the subcutaneous and intraperitoneal susceptibility to Brucella abortus, B. suis, B. melitensis, and B. neotomae of laboratory mice, guinea pigs, and rabbits and of 12 species of wildlife. These wild mammals included: deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus), pinyon mice (Peromyscus truei), montane meadow mice (Microtus montanus), desert wood rats (Neotoma lepida), Ord and chisel-toothed kangaroo rats (Dipodomys ordii and Dipodomys microps), white-tailed antelope squirrels (Ammospermophilus leucurus), and black-tailed jack rabbits (Lepus californicus). The mice were generally found to be relatively susceptible to these bacteria, while the rats, lagomorphs, and the squirrels were more resistant. The persistence of serum agglutinins and viable organisms in the tissues of certain of these animals was determined up to 24 months after infection. All four bacterial species caused chronic infection in the animals, but no evidence was obtained to show that they pass the organisms in their excreta or other body wastes. Bacteremia was found to occur regularly in many of the animals during the early stages of infection, and the possibility of transmission by ectoparasites was noted. Mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) and sheep were found to be relatively resistant to locally isolated strains of B. neotomae.

Droplet expulsion from the respiratory tract.

The aerial transmission of infection involves three separate stages: production, transport, and reception of infective particles. The site of reception of a particle in the respiratory tract depends largely upon the size of the particle ( 1) . In the case of tuberculosis, for example, the airborne particles responsible for the initiation of infection are most probably of minute dimensions, of the order of a few microns (2). Aerial transport is also dependent upon particle size; only very small particles are maintained in aerial suspension for any length of time (3). The production of particles with infective potential is less well understood than is transport or reception. While Hare ( 4) has suggested that most infective particles are dispersed from the skin or clothing of the infector, it seems probable that for certain diseases, particularly tuberculosis, the infective particle of most importance is the droplet nucleus, derived by evaporation from droplets expelled directly into the air from the respiratory tract (5). A number of methods have been used in the past to determine the numbers and sizes of droplets expelled from the respiratory tract during various respiratory maneuvers (6--9). Methods involving light scattering have yielded useful information, but the resolution available using this method 1s somewhat limited. Duguid (7) conducted a series of experiments in which a marker microorganism or a dye was introduced into the mouth, and respiratory maneuvers were made into a closed chamber. Expelled particles were recovered by impaction, by settling, or by air sampling, and were recognized by the dye stain or by the growth of organisms. Buckland and Tyrrell (9) studied the dispersal of

The Pattern of Phaenomena 367-385

I print the passage without a full stop until the last line, to avoid interrupting the unity of its structure:‘The stars of slight magnitude and slight brilliance between the Rudder and the Sea-monster, lying beneath the flanks of the grey Hare, are nameless in their course; they are not cast in a resemblance to the structure of any specific figure, like the numerous constellations that pass in ordered ranks along the same paths year after year, constellations that someone in a past generation observed and thought of calling all by names, after giving them definite shapes; he could not, of course, have named or identified all the stars taken individually, because they are too numerous all over the sky, many of them are alike in magnitude and in colour, and all of them have a circling movement; therefore it seemed best to him to make the stars into groups, so that different stars arranged in conjunction with each other could represent figures; and that is how the named constellations came into being, and no star-rising is a surprise nowadays; but while the stars in general are fixed in clear-cut figures when they appear, those beneath the hunted Hare are all very dim and nameless in their course.’

A Note on NaturalismFreedom and Reason. R. M. Hare

Previous articleNext article No AccessDiscussionA Note on Naturalism Freedom and Reason. R. M. Hare Roger HancockRoger Hancock Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Ethics Volume 77, Number 1Oct., 1966 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/291613 Views: 2Total views on this site Copyright 1966 University of ChicagoPDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.