Hardest Hit Research Articles

Occurrence of Disaster Events and their Impact in Nepal: Role of Government and Civil Society Organizations to Reduce the Disaster Risks

Nepal is highly vulnerable to multiple geological, hydro and meteorological hazards in which floods, landslides, fires, avalanches, glacial lakes outburst floods, droughts and earthquakes are predominant. Nepal has also been experiencing outbreak of epidemics and pandemic having high morbidity and mortality. Every day, on an average, 2 people die due to recurrent disasters. Situated in seismic zone, Nepal is prone to earthquake, and it had experienced several episodes of earthquake having losses of human lives and physical infrastructure. Climate change attributing significantly in extreme weather conditions resulting heavy rainfall, drought, fire, and glacial lake outburst floods. The disasters events have severe impact in socio-economic and health of community people creating problem in access, disrupting supply chain, damage, and destruction of service delivery outlets. The main objective of this paper is to analyze the disaster situation in country, their impact and assess the role of government of Nepal and civil society organizations in reducing the disaster risks. This paper has been prepared by reviewing the secondary data mainly government, UN and I/NGOs reports and research articles. Marginalized groups of the society are hardest hit by the disasters. Investing resources in preparedness and risk reduction pays off in saving lives and properties, investing 1 NPR in DRR is equivalent to 18 NPR during post disaster situation. A whole of society approach where preparedness, risk reduction, response, recovery, and reconstruction go simultaneously in building resilience nations to disasters. Development work should mandatorily apply environmental impact assessment and do no harm principles. The government of Nepal has developed DRM Act, policy, and strategic plan. Accountability framework, risk governance and risk education play a critical role to achieve outcomes stipulated in the strategic plan.

Understanding changing public transit travel patterns of urban visitors during COVID-19: A multi-stage study

COVID-19 has caused huge disruptions to urban travel and mobility. As a critical transportation mode in cities, public transit was hit hardest. In this study, we analyze public transit usage of urban visitors with a nearly two-year smart card dataset collected in Jeju, South Korea – a major tourism city in the Asia Pacific. The dataset captures transit usage behavior of millions of domestic visitors who traveled to Jeju between January 1, 2019 and September 30, 2020. By identifying a few key pandemic stages based on COVID-19 timeline, we employ ridge regression models to investigate the impact of pandemic severity on transit ridership. We then derive a set of mobility indicators – from perspectives of trip frequency, spatial diversity, and travel range – to quantify how individual visitors used the transit system during their stay in Jeju. By further employing time series decomposition, we extract the trend component for each mobility indicator to study long-term dynamics of visitors’ mobility behavior. According to the regression analysis, the pandemic had a dampening effect on public transit ridership. The overall ridership was jointly affected by national and local pandemic situations. The time series decomposition result reveals a long-term decay of individual transit usage, hinting that visitors in Jeju tended to use the transit system more conservatively as the pandemic endured. The study provides critical insights into urban visitors’ transit usage behavior during the pandemic and sheds light on how to restore tourism, public transit usage, and overall urban vibrancy with some policy suggestions.

Adult Protective Services Perspectives on Responding to Elder Abuse and Serving Clients During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The initial COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent public health measures dramatically impacted Adult Protective Services (APS), requiring rapid adjustments. Our goal was to describe challenges for APS and strategies developed to respond. We conducted six focus groups and seven interviews during March-April 2021 using a semi-structured topic guide, with 31 participants from APS leadership, supervisors, and caseworkers in New York City, a community hard hit by the initial COVID surge. Data from transcripts were analyzed to identify themes. Participants identified challenges faced by APS (e.g., clients less willing to engage with APS, inability to perform necessary job tasks remotely, and low staffing levels) as well as strategies APS used in response (e.g., increasing collaboration with other community-based programs and service providers, enabling remote court hearings through technology and in-person facilitation, and ensuring staff had access to personal protective equipment). These findings may inform APS planning for future large-scale societal disruptions.

Between here and there: comparing the worry about the pandemic between older Italian international migrants and natives in Switzerland

Since the beginning of the pandemic in 2020, people have been worried about COVID-19. As one of the risk groups, persons aged 65 and older are especially vulnerable. Additionally, minorities and migrants are hit harder by the pandemic than natives. Using data from the TransAge survey, a study including over 3000 older persons (65+) living in Switzerland and Italy, we show that the levels of worry about the pandemic are significantly higher among Italian international migrants living in Switzerland than among Swiss natives. We are not able to fully explain the difference using sociodemographic variables, the COVID-19 situation at the time of the interview, and international migrants’ transnationalism behavior. Nevertheless, transnationalism explains a large part of the difference in worry between the two groups and our study sheds light on the importance of two specific transnational aspects, having Swiss nationality and voting behavior, for the prevention of elevated levels of worry of international migrants.

Farm households’ vulnerability to climate change in Cambodia, Myanmar, and Vietnam: An advanced livelihood vulnerability indexing approach

Southeast Asia is considered one of the world’s climate hotspots as the countries in the Mekong region, in particular, will be the hardest hit by the impacts of climate change if the global temperature continues to rise. This study aims to evaluate the differences in climate change-induced vulnerability of farm households in Cambodia, Vietnam, and Myanmar. The total sample size was 999 farm respondents, of which 304 were from Myanmar, 350 from Vietnam, and 345 from Cambodia. The farm households’ vulnerability was measured using an advanced indicator or indexing method with balanced or equal weighting. A total of 36 indicators were selected based on an extensive literature review and expert judgment. Each major component was comprised of sub-components and indicators, which were standardized using a balanced weighted average approach. The findings reveal that Myanmar was high in all components of climate change vulnerability, whereas Vietnam was the second most vulnerable country, followed by Cambodia. Based on the findings, we suggest implementing policy measures that aim to reduce the sensitivity dimension of farm households, such as by improving early warning systems, increasing public funding investment in infrastructure development, and creating embankments to prevent saltwater incursion, while empowering the adaptive capacity of farm households. Furthermore, we also recommend establishing the necessary healthcare facilities, strengthening the public-private partnership, increasing outreach and healthcare services, and improving access to the formal credit system.

Segmentation and factors associated with the resilience of touristic SMEs: Results from Colombia

Organizational resilience refers to the ability of organizations to sustain and recover from adversity. The Covid-19 pandemic was an unexpected event of enormous magnitude that affected the stability and continuity of many organizations around the world. The tourism sector was among the hardest hit by the Covid-19 pandemic. In this sense and facing the Covid-19 pandemic, the objective of this study was to explore factors associated with greater resilience by the SMEs in the tourism sector in a destination of Colombia. The information used came from conducting 60 surveys directed to various SMEs, including adventure tourism service providers, overnight stay places and restaurants. In order to identify segments of touristic SMEs according to their resilience, a cluster analysis was carried out. Two segments of SMEs were found, one with greater resilience and another with less resilience. The incorporation of technology, the development of new products and the access to new market segments as actions to cope with the crisis generated by the Covid-19 pandemic are key factors that characterize the most resilient segment of touristic SMEs. Also, the size of the company and the gender and academic level of the managers are associated with resilience of the SMEs that took part in the study.

Understanding Digital Inequality: A Theoretical Kaleidoscope

The pandemic affected more than 1.5 billion students and youth, and the most vulnerable learners were hit hardest, making digital inequality in educational settings impossible to overlook. Given this reality, we, all educators, came together to find ways to understand and address some of these inequalities. As a product of this collaboration, we propose a methodological toolkit: a theoretical kaleidoscope to examine and critique the constitutive elements and dimensions of digital inequalities. We argue that such a tool is helpful when a critical attitude to examine ‘the ideology of digitalism’, its concomitant inequalities, and the huge losses it entails for human flourishing seems urgent. In the paper, we describe different theoretical approaches that can be used for the kaleidoscope. We give relevant examples of each theory. We argue that the postdigital does not mean that the digital is over, rather that it has mutated into new power structures that are less evident but no less insidious as they continue to govern socio-technical infrastructures, geopolitics, and markets. In this sense, it is vital to find tools that allow us to shed light on such invisible and pervasive power structures and the consequences in the daily lives of so many.

Largest dengue outbreak (2022) in Nepal

Dengue virus infection, transmitted by Aedes aegypti (also by Ae. albopictus) mosquito, is an increasing health problem. The number of dengue cases has increased over eight-fold over the last two decades, from 505,430 cases in 2000, to over 2.4 milli on in 2010, and 5.2 million in 2019 with deaths accounting in thousands. Currently, 3.9 billion people in 129 countries mainly in Asian countries are at the risk of dengue infection. Most of the new cases are reported from Brazil, Vietnam, Indonesia, the Philippines, Sri Lanka and others. First case of dengue was reported from Nepal in 2004 and in 2006 a small outbreak was reported with 32 cases throughout the country. In Nepal, dengue epidemic occurred in 2010, 2013, 2016, 2017, and 2019; of them 2019 epidemic was largest one with reported 17,992 cases. This year (2022) largest outbreak occurred with a total of 54,784 cases recorded from all 77 districts in 7 provinces. Of the 7 provinces Bagmati Province was hardest hit (77.4%) followed by Lumbini Province (9.2%), Province 1 (4.2%), Gandaki Province (3.6%), Sudur Pashchim Province (2.5%), Madhesh Province (1.8%) and Karnali Province (1.2%). Most of the patients were aged 15-59 years and slightly more than half were males. Of the four serotypes existed in Nepal, DENV-1 DENV-2 and DENV-3 were common this year’s outbreak (DENV-1 was predominant: 57.1%). This demands a precise mapping of dengue through integrated disease surveillance and evaluation of the dynamics of population-level immunity on evidence-based policy-making in days to come.

Impact of Entrepreneurial Leadership, Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy, Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction, and Training Effectiveness on Entrepreneur Resilience in Malaysian SMES

The COVID-19 Pandemic has impacted industries worldwide, affecting virtually every industry and business field as it spreads. Small and medium-sized businesses, in particular, have been particularly hard hit due to a scarcity of funding and a lack of entrepreneurial skills such as resilience. However, research on resilience at an individual level is underexplored, with even less attention on resilience in the context of entrepreneurs. Thus, this study examined entrepreneur resilience in Malaysian SMEs related to entrepreneurial leadership, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, basic psychological needs satisfaction, and training effectiveness. Social cognitive and self-determination theories underpin the study framework. Integrating both theories can provide a motivating lens to facilitate a more holistic understanding of resilience factors. Indeed, addressing the entrepreneurs' basic psychological needs and satisfaction can help entrepreneurs overcome their fear of failure. The study used a quantitative approach to collect primary data from 221 Malaysian small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) entrepreneurs through an online questionnaire. Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to analyze the data. The findings reveal that entrepreneurial self-efficacy is statistically significant and positively impacts entrepreneur resilience. Meanwhile, basic psychological needs satisfaction mediates the relationship between entrepreneurial leadership, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, and entrepreneur resilience. The second contribution of this study is that it establishes a moderating impact on training effectiveness. As a result, this study discovered that entrepreneurial self-efficacy, basic psychological needs satisfaction, and training effectiveness directly or indirectly impacted entrepreneur resilience. Entrepreneurial leadership, on the other hand, is the inverse. Many previous studies on the factors influencing resilience yielded inconsistent and incoherent findings. Therefore, this study contributes to the theoretical debate on exploring resilience concepts, measures in SMEs, and the factors that influence resilience at the entrepreneur level.

Research on Carbon Emission Accounting of Water Transportation

The issues of "carbon peak" in 2030 and "carbon neutral" in 2060 have become hot issues in China and have attracted the great attention of the whole society. As an important part of economic development, transportation has become the "hardest hit" by carbon emissions. In response to this phenomenon, China should strengthen the quality of waterway transportation, reduce carbon emissions in transportation, improve economic efficiency, and reduce environmental pollution. Carbon emission statistics and accounting is an important foundation for the work of "carbon peaking" and "carbon neutral", and is an important basis for policy formulation, promotion, assessment, and negotiation for compliance. Therefore, it is urgent to study the carbon emission accounting method for water transportation enterprises that is suitable for China's national conditions and in line with international standards. It is necessary to systematically review and study the current development of carbon emission accounting in the field of water transportation, and provide a reference for the establishment of a carbon emission accounting system for water transportation. Combining the actual situation of the domestic water transportation industry and international policy requirements, this paper analyzes the key issues of carbon emission accounting for Chinese water transportation enterprises in terms of accounting boundaries and accounting methods and puts forward accounting suggestions.

Community stressors and coping mechanisms in accessing the health system during a double crisis: a qualitative case study from Yangon Region, Myanmar

BackgroundDue to the COVID-19 pandemic and political crisis, Myanmar’s health system has suspended routine services while struggling to respond to the pandemic. Many people who need continuous care, like pregnant women and people with chronic illnesses, have been facing challenges in seeking and receiving essential health services. This study explored community health seeking practices and coping mechanisms, including their views on health system stressors.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional qualitative study based on 12 in-depth-interviews with pregnant people and persons with pre-existing chronic health conditions in Yangon. Sampling was purposive, convenience-based and snowball sampling was also used. The 3-delays framework was used to understand how persons were interacting with and accessing health care services; community and health system stressors and coping mechanisms in relation to COVID-19 were also identified.ResultsFindings showed that Yangon region was the hardest hit with both the pandemic and political crisis and its health system was greatly affected. People were unable to access essential health services on time. The health facilities were not available to see patients, with serious shortages in human resources, medicines and equipment, resulting in interruption of essential routine services. The prices of medicines and consultation fees, and transportation costs, increased during this period. Limited options for accessing care were available due to travel restrictions and curfews. It became challenging to receive quality care because of unavailable public facilities and private hospitals being costly.Despite these challenges, the Myanmar people and health system have shown resilience. Cohesive and organized family support structures and extended and deep social networks played an important role in accessing health care. At times of emergency, people relied on community-based social organizations for transportation and accessing essential medicines. The health system also showed resilience through establishing new service provision options, such as teleconsultations, mobile clinics, and sharing medical advice through social media.ConclusionsThis is the first study in Myanmar to explore peoples’ perceptions on COVID-19, the health system and their healthcare experiences during political crisis. Although there is no easy way to cope with this dual hardship, the people and the health system, even in a fragile and shock-prone setting like Myanmar, stayed resilient by developing alternative pathways for seeking and providing health services.

Factors Influencing Students’ Continuance Usage Intention with Virtual Classroom during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Empirical Study

The constant variation of COVID-19 has intensified the spread and recurrence of the epidemic, and education continues to be hard hit in most countries. The virtual classroom has become the main platform to replace the traditional classroom in the COVID-19 pandemic context. Due to the lack of a comprehensive understanding of college students’ perceptions of the platform system, it is essential to explore the factors and mechanisms that influence students’ willingness to use virtual classrooms consistently to improve the learning efficiency and optimize the effect of educational communication during the epidemic. This study integrates the Delone and McLean (D&M) information systems (IS) success model, expectation–confirmation model (ECM), and instructor quality factor to construct an operational model, and it used a structural equation model to analyze the 411 valid samples received from online questionnaires. The results reveal that the determinants of college students’ perceived usefulness of virtual classrooms are service quality, instructor quality, and confirmation, while system quality has no effect on perceived usefulness in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Secondly, system quality, service quality, and instructor quality are three critical antecedents of confirmation, and perceived usefulness and confirmation positively affect satisfaction. Finally, perceived usefulness and satisfaction directly affect college students’ continuance intention.

Possible threat of the Omicron subvariant BF.7 to FIH Hockey World Cup 2023 in particular and the South-East Asia Region in general.

Possible threat of the Omicron subvariant BF.7 to FIH Hockey World Cup 2023 in particular and the South-East Asia Region in general.

The Reporter

The Reporter Steve Slavin (bio) 1 I met Gail Olson at a very crowded New York City loft party in 1972. It was probably being held to honor some poor painter whose show had just opened, but most of us regarded it as a great singles party. Soon after I squeezed my way into the loft, I saw Gail, a drink in one hand and a cigarette in the other, trying to have a conversation with two very interested guys, each of them cupping their ears. I decided to have some fun, so I passed her a note that read, "The two gentlemen you're conversing with escaped from an institution for the criminally insane, and I'm waiting for backup. Please keep them occupied." She looked at me, and I shrugged. Five minutes later, we were making out in a corner of the loft. Then we shared a joint—the first one I had ever rolled without expert supervision. I had packed the paper with uncleaned pot—stems and all—and twisted both ends. When I lit it, a three-foot flame shot up. Thankfully, she didn't say anything, happy to just share the joint. A few weeks later, when Gail and I had dinner with one of her friends, I told him the story about the joint. As the three of us laughed, he said, "Gail was too kind to say anything." Indeed, Gail was perhaps the nicest person I would ever know. As our relationship grew more serious, I became more and more aware of just how nice she was. A reporter for a banking newspaper, she once told me that sometimes the most important element of writing was what you didn't say—what was purposefully left out. She introduced me to one of her colleagues, Stanley—a big guy, almost as round as he was tall. When she had started working at the American Banker, her first journalism job in New York, Stanley more or less took her under his wing. While he was a crack reporter, it was obvious that he had a drinking problem. But how could that be? He held down a good job, showing up on time every day. Maybe Stanley was a little odd, but he always made his deadlines and there were no complaints about his work. [End Page 136] Then Gail found out he was homeless. She insisted that he move in with her until he could get it together to find his own apartment. A few weeks later, she introduced him to her friend Caroline, and he soon moved in with her. A year later they got married, and Gail was their maid-of-honor. 2 I had a long-time friend who I often invited to parties. Jerry had almost no success meeting women. But one night he got lucky. Marcy was very bright and had a good sense of humor. She was an editor at a large publishing house and always had funny stories about the writers she met. She once took a rather successful author to lunch. While they waited for coffee and dessert, the author picked up her handbag, excused herself, and went to the ladies' room. When she did not return for some time, Marcy went to see if she was OK. As she approached the door of the ladies' room, Marcy heard a banging noise and rushed inside. The writer was hitting the door with her fist, and then trying to force it open. But because it was a pay toilet, it would remain locked no matter how hard you hit it. Marcy was puzzled. Was someone in there? Why didn't the author just use a different toilet? The author's face was beet red. It took her a while to catch her breath. Then she held out her hand, palm up. Finally, Marcy understood. She opened her handbag and gave the author a quarter. Without a word, the author took it, put it in the slot, opened the door, went inside the stall, and left Marcy standing there. Marcy and Jerry had been together for a month or so when she broke up with him. Two years later...

Generative systemic‐constructionist psychotherapy in the face of crisis in the context of armed violence in colombia: Case of MM, Montes de María – Department of Sucre

AbstractThis article aims to show a process of systemic‐constructionist and generative therapy in the face of crisis situations experienced by MM. MM is a woman victim–survivor from the region of Los Montes de María in Colombia, a territory hard hit by armed violence between 1990 and 2008. Methodologically, the fragments presented are those that are repeated in three sessions. Psychotherapeutic work is a combination of dialogical and interactive resources, opportunities, and capacities that combine three kinds of time in MM's daily life. These are: first, the past of the violence; second, the present comprised of the presence of memories of violence, social and family interactions, together with psychiatric diagnoses; and third, the sense of a future based on the hope of reducing their suffering and taking action against the violence. Analysis and interpretation are hermeneutical constructions carried out throughout the psychotherapeutic process and in the midst of generative dialogues. On the one hand, the scientific and everyday knowledge that helps to process and transform the crisis is recognised. On the other hand, it shows a form of knowledge that distances itself from the parameters of science and positivist approaches. In conclusion, this article is an opportunity to question traditional positions within the field of mental health in the light of moments constructed with MM in the framework of systemic‐constructionist therapy, seen as a relational space where generative contexts are built.

Employment externalisation in response to a temporary exogenous shock: an adjustment costs perspective

ABSTRACTWe examine the externalisation of labour as a strategic response to a temporary exogenous shock (i.e. COVID-19). Combining ideas from employment externalisation theory and the CATO framework (which are both extensions of transaction costs economics), we argue that firms that are hit harder by the COVID-19 shock are more likely to plan hiring freelancers that replace permanent employees. The mechanism we argue for is that firms seek to reposition quickly, which lowers comparative adjustment costs and reduces constraints on switching employment modes in future, depending on the extent of task co-specialisation. Analysing survey data obtained from 1,090 Danish small medium enterprises during the initial COVID-19 lockdown supports our hypotheses. Our findings contribute to the research on strategic responses to crises and provide novel understanding of why firms may externalise employment.

Importance of Biotechnology in Controlling Insect Pests

Agriculture is considered an important source of national income for a lot of countries and most of inhabitants of these countries are dependent on farming for their food. Insects have been one of the most important sources of food production damage, accounting for 20% to 30% of global production losses. Approximately 67,000 insect species are thought to inflict harm to plantations and tropical regions, which are often the poorest in the world and are hit hardest by insect pests. Agriculture spends billions of dollars each year on insect control around the world. Pesticide use has resulted in pesticide-resistant insects, a drop in beneficial insect populations, and a slew of other negative effects for humans and the environment. These concerns have led researchers to consider a different approach in order to produce more environmentally friendly insect control tactics that use both synthetic and natural chemicals. The use of bio-pesticides in pest management has been increasing in recent years. There are three types of the ecofriendly management agents bio-pesticides have been identified as follows: bio-control organisms (pathogenic microorganism, predators and parasites); plant-incorporated protectants (transgenic Bt toxin); and biochemical pesticides (botanical pesticides and other natural compounds. Most of chemical companies such as Monsato, Dupont, and Ciba Geigy, are now promoting biotechnology as a strategy to ensure high productivity, these companies invests millions of dollars in biotechnology research to develop genetically modified crops, animals, and microorganisms to combat pests, produce fertilizer, and improve efficiency. Where they uploaded this businesses and scientific institutions are the slogans that biotechnology is the future of agriculture.

Cyclone-induced coastal vulnerability, livelihood challenges and mitigation measures of Matla-Bidya inter-estuarine area, Indian Sundarban.

Indian Sundarban is highly susceptible to tropical cyclones and resultant impacts such as storm surge-induced floods, embankment breaching, and saline water intrusion. It affects life and livelihood in severe ways. Mitigation and policy measures are therefore very important, based on information gathered at the grassroots level. Hence, this study is designed to assess inter-village variation in cyclone vulnerability, considering physical vulnerability, social vulnerability, and mitigation capacity. This study also highlights livelihood challenges faced by coastal dwellers. Geospatial and quantitative methods were used to assess the composite vulnerability index (CVI). Remote sensing data and climatic data were integrated to assess physical vulnerability and various socioeconomic data were incorporated to determine the social vulnerability. Moreover, an intensive field survey (2020-2021) was also conducted to understand the livelihood challenges of local people and accordingly suggest mitigation measures to cope with natural hazards. According to this analysis, nearly 18% of the total population living in the southern and eastern parts of the Matla-Bidya inter-estuarine area (MBI) are extremely vulnerable (CVI > 0.544) due to their geographical location and high exposure to coastal hazards. Almost 51% of the total populations inhabited in 46% of the total MBI villages are experiencing high to moderate vulnerability. Conversely, MBI villages in the northern part, where 32% of the total population lives, show low vulnerability (CVI < 0.387) due to less exposure and high resilience. Coastal low-lying villages are often hardest hit by tropical cyclones. Therefore, effective mitigation strategies and coping mechanisms are essentially needed to reduce the adverse impacts of cyclones.

Intrapreneurship Way Forward for Keeping Entrepreneurial Spirit Intact Post-COVID-19

COVID-19 pandemic is far more than just the health crisis. After the Great Depression, the dot-com bubble, and the 2008 financial crash, we are staring at the biggest challenge for the economy. No industry has been spared from the brunt of this pandemic. The start-up sector is bleeding and has undoubtedly taken the hardest hit. With nine in ten start-ups registering decline, over third halting operations temporarily or permanently, this is an unprecedented downturn in the global economy. The aftermath of this crisis will be a long-term impact on the mindsets, attitudes, perceptions, and behaviors of entrepreneurs and those who want to leap into entrepreneurship. We should look at this situation as the new playing field and bounce back with renewed hope of recovery. Industry analysts suggest adopting intrapreneurial traits to instill the confidence back and keep the entrepreneurial spirit intact. Intrapreneurship is one of the ways of catalyzing recovery with sustained innovation and a competitive edge. This analysis aims to correlate the key attributes such as risk-taking, proactiveness, and autonomy in intrapreneurship with sustainable environmental, economic, and social innovation.

Co-Circulation of Dengue Virus Serotypes 1, 2, and 3 during the 2022 Dengue Outbreak in Nepal: A Cross-Sectional Study.

The largest dengue outbreak in the history of Nepal occurred in 2022, with a significant number of casualties. It affected all 77 districts, with the nation's capital, Kathmandu (altitude 1300 m), being the hardest hit. However, the molecular epidemiology of this outbreak, including the dengue virus (DENV) serotype(s) responsible for this epidemic, remain unknown. Here, we report the epidemic trends, clinico-laboratory features, and virus serotypes and their viral load profiles that are associated with this outbreak in Nepal. Dengue-suspected febrile patients were investigated by routine laboratory, serological, and molecular tools, including a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Of the 538 dengue-suspected patients enrolled, 401 (74.5%) were diagnosed with dengue. Among these dengue cases, 129 (32.2%) patients who required hospital admission had significant associations with myalgia, rash, diarrhea, retro-orbital pain, bleeding, and abdominal pain. DENV-1, -2, and -3 were identified during the 2022 epidemic, with a predominance of DENV-1 (57.1%) and DENV-3 (32.1%), exhibiting a new serotype addition. We found that multiple serotypes circulated in 2022, with a higher frequency of hospitalizations, more severe dengue, and more deaths than in the past. Therefore, precise mapping of dengue and other related infections through integrated disease surveillance, evaluation of the dynamics of population-level immunity and virus evolution should be the urgent plans of action for evidence-based policy-making for dengue control and prevention in the country.