The article highlights the current issues in modern conditions which are associated with the consumption of fluoride by the population of Russia, including individual oral care products. It is noted that fluorides have unconditional physiological significance for the human body, its health, including dental. The effectiveness of fluoride drugs and their effect on the reduction of dental caries is widely documented in foreign and domestic literature and thus it is an indisputable fact. Despite the fact that there is no generally accepted agreement on the mechanism of fluorine action, there is no doubt in its anti-caries action. The most intensive inclusion of fluorides in the composition of the hard tissues of teeth occurs during their formation and mineralization. At the end of teeth growth and mineralization, the enamel and dentin become less permeable to fluoride ions. The optimal daily intake of fluoride should range between 0.05 and 0.07 mg / kg body weight. Total fluoride intake should not exceed 0.1 mg / kg of body weight per day in order to avoid the appearance of dental and bony fluorosis. Recommendations on the use of fluoride-containing oral care products are given. It was noted that the problem of preserving the somatic and dental health of the population of Russia, including the prevention of dental caries, should be addressed in the context of climate-geographical, environmental, medical and social aspects, in the solution of which fluorides should play a significant role.