Hard Technology Research Articles

Utilization of Quality Organic Fertilizer at P4S Sari Sedana, Badung, Bali

This Community Partnership Program (CSP) conducted in Desa Selat, Kecamatan Abiansemal, Kabupaten Badung, has achieved significant advancements in organic agricultural development. The program focused on the implementation of both hard and soft technologies. Hard technologies included the development of high-quality organic fertilizers using local waste materials such as livestock manure, biochar, Trichoderma, NPK fertilizers, and dolomite, processed with simple equipment. These innovations addressed local waste management issues and enhanced agricultural productivity. Soft technologies involved comprehensive training on production management, business operations, and marketing strategies, which empowered the P4S Sari Sedana Group with essential skills for sustainable operation. The program demonstrated high relevance to local needs, effectively transforming waste into valuable resources and introducing environmentally friendly production methods. It also fostered active community participation and generated substantial environmental and economic benefits, including increased soil fertility and reduced reliance on chemical fertilizers. The project produced several key outputs: high-quality organic fertilizer, enhanced community skills, scientific publications, intellectual property registration, and online media coverage. Future sustainability will be supported through institutional capacity building, market expansion, product innovation, and ongoing monitoring and evaluation.

Learning from each other: Cross-cutting diagnostic development activities between magnetic and inertial confinement fusion (invited).

Inertial Confinement Fusion and Magnetic Confinement Fusion (ICF and MCF) follow different paths toward goals that are largely common. In this paper, the claim is made that progress can be accelerated by learning from each other across the two fields. Examples of successful cross-community knowledge transfer are presented that highlight the gains from working together, specifically in the areas of high-resolution x-ray imaging spectroscopy and neutron spectrometry. Opportunities for near- and mid-term collaboration are identified, including in chemical vapor deposition diamond detector technology, using gamma rays to monitor fusion gain, handling neutron-induced backgrounds, developing radiation hard technology, and collecting fundamental supporting data needed for diagnostic analysis. Fusion research is rapidly moving into the igniting and burning regimes, posing new opportunities and challenges for ICF and MCF diagnostics. This includes new physics to probe, such as alpha heating; increasingly harsher environmental conditions; and (in the slightly longer term) the need for new plant monitoring diagnostics. Substantial overlap is expected in all of these emerging areas, where joint development across the two subfields as well as between public and private researchers can be expected to speed up advancement for all.

Research on the impact of hard technology innovation on the high-quality development of SRDI enterprises: based on the moderating role of digital transformation

Research on the impact of hard technology innovation on the high-quality development of SRDI enterprises: based on the moderating role of digital transformation

Experts and Evidence: Sweden’s Nuclear Decision-Making in the 1970s

The role of nuclear power was intensely debated in Sweden in the 1970s. Experts took an active part in the debate and many of them presented their views in books and booklets. The experts were divided in their view of Sweden’s nuclear future. This should be a good ground for getting a well-informed public and seeing the nuclear decision-making as both democratic and rational. However, the anti-nuclear side had a tendency to argue against nuclear power as part of a larger system of hard technology and big power dominance, standing against local initiatives and ecology. They were disinclined to take up a discussion that could have moderated the perceived threats and risks of nuclear power. This disinclination even led to a rather misleading argument about the relationship between nuclear power and nuclear weapons. Amazingly, it was spread by the most prestigious of all the experts involved.

A arte de endurecer sem perder a ternura: o uso de tecnologias por obstetrizes na atenção ao parto domiciliar planejado

Abstract Introduction: Given the intense medicalization of childbirth and the hegemony of a technocratic model, there is a growing need for professional midwives to promote safe pregnancy and childbirth with minimal interventions. Objective: This study aims to identify the technologies present in the toolbox of certified midwives graduated from University of São Paulo. Methodology: It consists of a descriptive-exploratory study, with a qualitative approach. Semi-structured interviews were carried out virtually with five midwives from August 2020 to May 2021. The material was analyzed using dialogical maps. Results: A very heterogeneous range of technologies was identified, which included soft, soft-hard, and hard technologies. Soft technologies include affection, effective communication (knowing how to speak, knowing how to listen), and bonding. Soft-hard technologies include basic disciplines, scientific evidence, experience, and intuition. Finally, hard technologies include human-made instruments, in addition to the use of the materiality of the body. Conclusions: Midwives tend to use hard technologies when they are unable to achieve the desired effect with the soft technologies they had available, while also using their interrelational resources throughout the entire process. Furthermore, to employ such technological resources, professionals use different kinds of knowledge, without hierarchizing them.

The role of learning technology developers as facilitators during the Covid-19 pandemic

Innovation in the learning technology field to facilitate the activities of students and educators in the learning process is the task and responsibility of the Learning Technology Developer (Pengembang Teknologi Pembelajaran/PTP). This research aims to (1) describe and analyze the role of PTP as a facilitator in online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic and (2) describe PTP products in online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. The research results show that PTPs, as facilitators, must be creative and innovative in developing learning models, media, and applications, collaborating with other professions, and increasing existing competencies related to cutting-edge technology and media. PTP must prove its performance through real work that can be realized through appropriate learning models, media, and applications. PTP has two main areas of study: soft technology and hard technology. The products produced by PTP can take the form of ICT-based learning models, learning media, and e-learning applications.

​​TECHNICAL VIEW OF EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHY IN THE TECHNICAL AGE​

In education philosophy point of view, technology not only refers to the meaning of various education skills, skills, methods and means and all kinds of materialized tools, equipment and information media system, and means the verb in the meaning of technology process, is noun technology of education, bright and structure, is "education technology", for the educators to use knowledge, skills with various tools, media technology system knowledge, cultivating students emotion, hone students will and fitness process of student body, it has the educational, emotional and artistic characteristics. According to different standards, educational technology can be at least divided into original technology and interventional technology, "hard" technology and "soft" technology, general technology and special technology. The practice of educational philosophy and technology should uphold the original intention of education, "improve technical quality" for technology, "soften" hard technology; achieve man-machine collaboration, and make technology serve the overall development of people.

Efeitos das tecnologias educativas na prevenção e tratamento da úlcera diabética: revisão sistemática e metanálise

Objective: to analyze the effects of educational technologies in the prevention and treatment of diabetic ulcers. Method: a systematic review conducted in seven databases, a bibliographic index, an electronic library and the Gray Literature. The sample consisted of 11 randomized controlled clinical trials. The synthesis of the results was descriptive and through meta-analysis. Results: the predominant educational technologies were training sessions and verbal guidelines, with soft-hard technologies standing out. When compared to usual care, the educational technologies presented a protective factor to prevent the incidence of diabetic ulcers (RR=0.40; 95% CI=0.18-0.90; p=0.03) and the certainty of the evidence assessment was low. The educational technologies also had a protective factor to prevent the incidence of lower limb amputations (RR=0.53; 95% CI=0.31-0.90; p=0.02) and certainty of the evidence was very low. Conclusion: soft-hard educational technologies such as structured verbal guidelines, educational games, lectures, theoretical-practical training sessions, educational videos, folders, serial albums and playful drawings, and hard technologies such as therapeutic footwear, insoles, infrared digital thermometer, foot care kits, Telemedicine app and mobile phone use, were effective for the prevention and treatment of diabetic ulcers, although more robust studies are required.

Effects of educational technologies on the prevention and treatment of diabetic ulcers: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

to analyze the effects of educational technologies in the prevention and treatment of diabetic ulcers. a systematic review conducted in seven databases, a bibliographic index, an electronic library and the Gray Literature. The sample consisted of 11 randomized controlled clinical trials. The synthesis of the results was descriptive and through meta-analysis. the predominant educational technologies were training sessions and verbal guidelines, with soft-hard technologies standing out. When compared to usual care, the educational technologies presented a protective factor to prevent the incidence of diabetic ulcers (RR=0.40; 95%CI=0.18-0.90; p=0.03) and the certainty of the evidence assessment was low. The educational technologies also had a protective factor to prevent the incidence of lower limb amputations (RR=0.53; 95%CI=0.31-0.90; p=0.02) and certainty of the evidence was very low. soft-hard educational technologies such as structured verbal guidelines, educational games, lectures, theoretical-practical training sessions, educational videos, folders, serial albums and playful drawings, and hard technologies such as therapeutic footwear, insoles, infrared digital thermometer, foot care kits, Telemedicine app and mobile phone use, were effective for the prevention and treatment of diabetic ulcers, although more robust studies are required.

كلمة العدد (إنجليزي)

كلمة العدد (إنجليزي)

Evidence of the Contribution of the Technological Progress on Aquaculture Production for Economic Development in China—Research Based on the Transcendental Logarithmic Production Function Method

Technology includes hard technology and soft technology. Material technology embodied in production conditions and working conditions such as machinery, equipment and infrastructure is called hard technology, referring to the technology directly used in the development and production of means of production and means of subsistence, such as product design technology, equipment manufacturing technology, etc. Non-material technology, which embodies the experience, skills and management ability of process management, decision support and information technology, is called soft technology. Hard technologies make things easier and faster, while soft technologies promote flexibility and creativity. However, hard technologies take time to produce and have negative environmental impacts, while soft technologies are simple to produce but hard to use. Hence, finding the right balance between hard and soft technology investment is important for the sustainable increase of productivity. In recent years, China has continuously increased its investment in science and technology in aquaculture industry. However, the majority of the investment has gone to hard technology, which has hampered the long-term development of the industry. This paper aims to look at the status quo of the scientific and technological progress of the aquaculture industry in China and explore how the advancement of hard and soft technologies play a role in the economic growth of the aquaculture industry. Transcendental logarithmic production function is employed to calculate the contribution rate of technological progress on China’s aquaculture industry, and the contribution rates of hard technologies and soft technologies are examined separately. The results indicate that, from 2012 to 2020, the contribution rate of overall technical progress on aquaculture in China was 80.159%, of which 71.720% came from the progress of hard technologies, while only 8.439% came from the progress of soft technologies. Based on this conclusion, the paper calls for a balance of hard and soft technologies in the aquaculture industry in China to ensure a healthy and sustainable aquaculture industry. Policy suggestions are also put forward.

Research on Cultivation Model of Innovative and Entrepreneurial Talents with New Technology Applications in Higher Education Institutions

The issue of new technology applications in education is a worldwide concern. Following a thorough review of current studies, this paper believes that new technology in a broad sense has "hard technology" (referring to new inventions, discoveries, and creations that can be practically operated and applied) and "soft technology" (generally referring to technology formed in all industry fields in response to new changes, new markets, new industries, and new business models, such as innovative marketing models, new team building, and management strategizing, cultural and creative skills, etc.), with distinctive and external and internal connotations. In a narrow sense, new technology refers to the most recent and cutting-edge technology in a particular industry field. There are also definitions that are based on their applicability, such as referring to new operation methods as new technologies. The premise of how to precisely implement new technology application education in higher education is to understand how students in higher education institutions think. For this reason, this study takes senior graduate students as its target, and through the statistics and analysis of survey data, we get three results. First, education featuring applications of new technology proves highly compelling, particularly given its importance in graduates' career development, thus garnering support; second, such education is both conceptual and practice-based; third, education concerned with the application of new technologies can be carried out in any major, both in engineering and non-engineering disciplines, with different requirements for educational content and technical skills according to the varying disciplines. Based on the investigation and analysis, we propose solutions and recommend methods of applying new applications in higher education.

Research of modern varieties of winter wheat according to productivity depending on growing conditions

The creation of modern varieties of winter wheat has become an impetus to the intensification of cultivation technologies, which was directed to revealing the genetic potential of the latter, which is possible only provided the implementation of the entire complex of agrotechnological measures and hard technology of growing seeds. The productivity of varieties which are dif-ferent by genotype depends to a large extent on predecessors, sowing terms and weather conditions during the vegetation period. The purpose of our research was to determine the potential crop capacity of new winter wheat varieties by Myronivka selection depending on predecessors and terms of sowing in the conditions of the North-Eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The research was conducted in the fields of the Pravdynske State Enterprise of Experimental Farming (SEEF "Pravdynske"), the V.M. Remeslo Myronivka institute of wheat of National academy of agrarian sciences of Ukraine (MIW) in vegetation years 2018/19–2020/21 (factor – A (year)), located in the conditions of the North-Eastern Forest Steppe of Ukraine. The objects of research were five new varieties of winter wheat by Myronivka selection (MIP Fortuna, MIP Lada, MIP Yuvileina, Aurora Myronivska, MIP Lakomka) compared to the standard of Podolyanka (factor B). Experi-ments were laid after two predecessors – sunflower, soy (factor C); sowing was carried out on September, 25 and October, 5, a deviation of 1–3 days (factor D). The level of materiality coefficients of air temperature deviations (°С) and amount of precipitation (mm) were determined according to the gradation methods by Ped D. A. (1975) and Kalenska S.V. (2018). The weather conditions during the years of research differed significantly, which made it possible to evaluate the material objectively. The crop capacity of new winter wheat verities by Myronivka selection was examined depending on predecessors and sowing terms. Among the examined predecessors, soy was identified as the best one, and the sowing date – October 5, which on average over the years of study helped to obtain the maximum level of productivity of new crop varieties. The variety differences research determined that the largest crop capacity in general according to the experiment for two sowing dates (September, 25 and October, 5) had varieties the MIP Yuvileyna (6.38 and 6.82 t/ha, respectively) and MIP Fortuna (6.78 and 6.60 t/ha, respectively). Key words: winter wheat, variety, yield, weather conditions, predecessor, sowing time.

Exploration on Modular Curriculum Construction of Economic and Management Majors in the Digital Age

Under the background of digital economy, digital literacy has become one of the basic qualities that economic and management talents should have. Digital thinking and digital skills should be integrated into the construction of modular courses of economic and management professional groups. Focusing on the new business philosophy of "soft business and hard technology", the comprehensive education mode of "post-course-competition-certificate" and the sustainable development of multi-specialty "collaborative symbiosis", this paper puts forward the construction system of "three-dimension and three-order" modular courses for economic and management majors. Three dimensions include management knowledge, digital skills and professional literacy. Three levels include primary general digital ability, middle professional digital ability and advanced innovative digital ability. Finally, this paper proposes the implementation path: integrating digital tools into teaching resources, building teaching team across borders, deepening the integration of industry and education, establishing a quality system.

HEALTH TECHNOLOGIES

The use of health technologies provides better health management, anchored in equity, communication and governance in health. Technologies are conceptualized as a tool, which helps from planning to the execution of activities, and can be applied in health or in another area of knowledge. The objective is: to analyze scientific productions related to health technologies in a collective perspective. This study takes the form of an integrative literature review, built through the following steps: definition of the research question, selection of descriptors, choice of database, search and organization of articles and presentation of results. The chosen databases were: Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences - LILACS, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrievel System Online - MEDLINE, Google Scholar and Scientific Electronic Library Online - SciELO, from July to August, year of 2022. Eight studies on the topic were gathered and organized in a table. The results obtained from the research carried out through scientific articles related to health technology and the collective impacts, several concepts were analyzed about the word technology, the main ones being: “light technology”, “light-hard technology” and “hard technology” . It was observed that there is a generalization of these mentioned terms, which are related to the reception along with the dialogue, the information and the production of procedures, respectively.

LHCb RMS-R3, new radiation hard system for on-line monitoring of beam and background conditions in Run 3

During Run 3, the LHCb experiment will collect data at a higher luminosity with respect to the previous decade of data taking. The Radiation Monitoring System (RMS-R3), functionally designed for reliable long-run performance, will display the interaction rate of the LHC’s beams along with its background in LHCb. The RMS-R3 comprises 4 detector modules based on the Metal-Foil Detectors radiation hard technology that can withstand fluences up to 1020 MIPs/cm2 or radiation doses of up to a GGy, during its entire lifespan. The modules are placed symmetrically around the beam pipe remarkably close to the interaction point at LHCb at about 2.2 m, while covering a backward acceptance of 7-14 degrees. The readout electronics provide a continuous relative luminosity measurement for LHCb and observations of background evolutions during the various stages of the beam preparation towards collisions. The RMS-R3 detector’s performance has shown good response reproducibility of about 1% and excellent linearity, making it a robust and reliable complementary detector for beam induced background and luminosity measurement at LHCb.

China's Reform Spree in 2021: Common Prosperity and Others

In 2021, China launched a series of reform initiatives including common prosperity, a property tax, a regulatory crackdown on technology firms, a roadmap for peak carbon dioxide emissions and carbon neutrality and other policies aiming to improve people's lives. This study reviews each of them and finds that they are centred around common prosperity and guiding resource allocation. Based on Google Trends search results, this study creatively created a series of common prosperity policy indices, showing that China in 2021 may have experienced the most important policy shift since at least 2004. Based on EGARCH and ARDL models, this study finds that the whole economy, proxied by two popular composite indices, i.e. the Shanghai Stock Exchange Composite Index and the China Securities Index 300, responded positively to the common prosperity policy. Stock market responses also show that China's policies have successfully guided the resource allocation from the soft technology sector to the hard technology one. This study also discusses the broad implications, such as the role of the government and the evolution of private ownership in the Chinese economy.

STUDY OF ACID RESISTANCE OF HYBRID ALKALI ACTIVATED NORMAL HARDENING CEMENTS

One of the reason of loses of main production sources nowadays for chemical, food and special industries is the degradation of equipment and constructions caused by acid corrosion. Traditional materials are characterized by various disadvantages, among them: high costs of the material, low water resistance, hard technology and danger for the personal.
 One of the ways to obtain acid resistant material is the use of alkali activated cements, which are known are the resistant to the aggressive environments. Increasing of acid resistance is possible by reducing of system basicity level.
 The presented studies have proved the possibility to obtain acid resistant materials, able to be hardening in normal condition, so far as possibility to partial replacement of the conditional alumina silicates by alumina silicates with technogenic origin, namely, red mud from alumina production under Bayer process. Reducing of basicity level make it possible to increase corrosion resistance coefficient up to 0.88. Also thus a way material became more ecologically friendly and lowering the cost of material.

Technology empowerment or technology negativity: The Two Sides of Digital Government Construction

With the development of the socialist market economy and the requirements of the modernization of social governance, the construction of digital government requires the government to actively establish the communication and sharing mechanism within the government，so that the information barriers existing within the government organs are gradually being broken, and the "technical dividends" are released. However, the problem of "compatibility" between the long-term government structure and the construction paradigm of digital government in China makes it difficult for technology embedding to achieve the desired effect, and the expectation of "technology empowerment" is often replaced by the reality of "technology negative energy". Taking the innovative practice of digital government construction in district a of S City - the integrated center as an example, this paper analyzes the two sides of the application of technology in social governance, and analyzes the practical path of expanding the effect of "empowerment" and reducing the impact of "negative energy" from the two aspects of "hard technology" of rational use of platform data and "soft technology" of optimizing and improving the mechanism concept, in order to avoid technology processing and improve social governance.

A Statistical Perspective on Advancement in Blockchain Technology

In computing, Blockchain is a decentralised, point-to-point program that provides a safe yet verifiable technique for secure distributed validation. Blockchain is a type of distributed transaction validation system. It is widely used in a variety of fields, including the finance sector, the Internet - Of - things, big data, virtualization, and edge computing, to name a few. Artificial intelligence technology, on the other hand, is having a substantial impact on the intellectual growth of a wide range of industries. Blockchain is a difficult technology that represents the important and influential vision and provide a comprehensive perspective to internet security. Blockchain is a hard technologies that represent an inventive and influential vision. When it comes to secure communication, Blockchain technology is always evolving and has the opportunity to deliver about substantial changes in how we work and live in the 21st century. Blockchain technology is continually evolving and become the next paradigms shifting technology. Our new problem is to figure out how we will keep up with the technological developments brought about by this revolutionary technology. A general overview of Blockchain technology, as well as its possibility to assist to future development, is presented in this article, which also proposes many study avenues for further investigation.