Research of modern varieties of winter wheat according to productivity depending on growing conditions

Abstract

The creation of modern varieties of winter wheat has become an impetus to the intensification of cultivation technologies, which was directed to revealing the genetic potential of the latter, which is possible only provided the implementation of the entire complex of agrotechnological measures and hard technology of growing seeds. The productivity of varieties which are dif-ferent by genotype depends to a large extent on predecessors, sowing terms and weather conditions during the vegetation period. The purpose of our research was to determine the potential crop capacity of new winter wheat varieties by Myronivka selection depending on predecessors and terms of sowing in the conditions of the North-Eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The research was conducted in the fields of the Pravdynske State Enterprise of Experimental Farming (SEEF "Pravdynske"), the V.M. Remeslo Myronivka institute of wheat of National academy of agrarian sciences of Ukraine (MIW) in vegetation years 2018/19–2020/21 (factor – A (year)), located in the conditions of the North-Eastern Forest Steppe of Ukraine. The objects of research were five new varieties of winter wheat by Myronivka selection (MIP Fortuna, MIP Lada, MIP Yuvileina, Aurora Myronivska, MIP Lakomka) compared to the standard of Podolyanka (factor B). Experi-ments were laid after two predecessors – sunflower, soy (factor C); sowing was carried out on September, 25 and October, 5, a deviation of 1–3 days (factor D). The level of materiality coefficients of air temperature deviations (°С) and amount of precipitation (mm) were determined according to the gradation methods by Ped D. A. (1975) and Kalenska S.V. (2018). The weather conditions during the years of research differed significantly, which made it possible to evaluate the material objectively. The crop capacity of new winter wheat verities by Myronivka selection was examined depending on predecessors and sowing terms. Among the examined predecessors, soy was identified as the best one, and the sowing date – October 5, which on average over the years of study helped to obtain the maximum level of productivity of new crop varieties. The variety differences research determined that the largest crop capacity in general according to the experiment for two sowing dates (September, 25 and October, 5) had varieties the MIP Yuvileyna (6.38 and 6.82 t/ha, respectively) and MIP Fortuna (6.78 and 6.60 t/ha, respectively). Key words: winter wheat, variety, yield, weather conditions, predecessor, sowing time.