Reconstruction Of Hard Palate Research Articles

Total Palate Reconstruction with Unilateral Angular Artery-Based Nasolabial Flap

Introduction: Pleomorphic adenoma is a mixed tumor consisting of differentiation of epithelial and mesenchymal cells. They are the most common benign tumors encountered at the salivary glands. Several flap options have been described for the reconstruction of palate. Case Report: A 48-year-old male patient was admitted to our outpatient clinic with a complaint of a mass at the palate. The mass was extending from the oral cavity to the nasal cavity. Hemi-maxillectomy was applied and the reconstruction was achieved using a reverse flow unilateral angular artery-based fasciocutaneous flap. Conclusion: Pleomorphic adenoma should be kept in mind when evaluating the lesions of hard palate. Angular artery-based fasciocutaneous flap is a reliable method for hard palate reconstruction.

Microsurgical reconstruction of the hard palate after resections for malignant tumors

Background. The main aims of hard palate reconstruction include separation of the nasal and oral cavities, restoration of chewing, swallowing, speech, ensuring good aesthetic results, and preparation for dental rehabilitation. The choice of reconstruction method is determined by such factors as the nature and location of the defect, surgeon’s experience in certain reconstruction methods, cancer prognosis, and patient’s preference. The study objective is to analyze the results of microsurgical reconstruction of hard palate defects using different types of flaps. Materials and methods. Forty-one (41) patients underwent microsurgical reconstruction of defects of the hard palate, soft palate, and alveolar process between 2014 and 2020. Defects of the anterior portion of the hard palate (grade I, IIc, IId according to the classification of J.S. Brown; grade IB, II, III according to the classification of D.J. Okay) were formed in 13 cases; all of them involved the alveolar margin of the maxilla to some extent. To repair these defects, we used flaps containing revascularized bone (n = 10; scapular tip flaps in 8 patients and fibular flaps in 2 patients) and fasciocutaneous or musculocutaneous flaps (n = 3; radial fasciocutaneous flaps in 2 patients and musculocutaneous flap from the anterior surface of the thigh in 1 patient). Defects of the posterior portion of the hard palate (grade Ib according to the classification of J.S. Brown; grade Ib according to the classification of D.J. Okay) were formed in 18 patients. To repair these defects, we used radial fasciocutaneous flaps (n = 17) and fibular autologous graft containing skin, muscles, and bone (n = 1). Soft palate resection was performed in 10 patients; all surgeries were combination, since the lateral oropharyngeal wall was included in the block of removed tissues. None of the patients had the opposite side affected. These defects were repaired using radial fasciocutaneous flaps.Results. Six patients (15 %) developed total flap necrosis due to venous thrombosis on days 2, 3, and 6 postoperatively; two patients developed flap necrosis due to arterial thrombosis 2 days postoperatively. Good speech quality was achieved in 33 patients (80 %), while 6 patients (15 %) had satisfactory speech; rhinolalia was observed in 2 patients (5 %). All patients with defects of the posterior hard palate and of the soft palate had excellent aesthetic results. Among participants with defects of the anterior hard palate and alveolar process, 10 patients had excellent aesthetic results, while 5 individuals had good results. Three patients had unsatisfactory results due to scarring in the middle portion of the face.Conclusion. Patients with subtotal defects of the hard palate and defects of its anterior portion (grade I, IIb, IIc according to the classification of J.S. Brown; grade II, III according to the classification of D.J. Okay) require repair of the alveolar margin of the maxilla; flaps containing revascularized bone are preferable in this case. The method of choice is defect repair using musculoskeletal scapular tip flap. In patients with short defects, defects located posteriorly, minimal or no defect of the alveolar margin of the maxilla (grade Ia, IB according to the classification of J.S. Brown; grade Ia, Ib according to the classification of D.J. Okay; grade V according to the classification of M.A. Aramany), soft palate defects, radial fasciocutaneous flaps should be used.

The double opposing myomucosal cheek flap in hard palate reconstruction

Limited defects in the oral cavity can be treated with local and pedicled cheek flaps. It allows to preserve the functions of the resected organ. Large defects in the midline of the hard palate can be reconstructed with double opposing myomucosal cheek flaps. The aim of this study was to discuss the methodology of the flap harvest and to show our experiences of treatment in a group of 15 patients with oral cavity cancer. In 1 patient the double opposing myomucosal cheek flap was harvested due to the wider local defect. The small size of the flap with ability to use the double opposing cheek flap in more extended defects as well as short duration of the surgery procedure can lead to reduced risk of postoperative complications. Finally, cheek flaps form an effective method of treatment of defects in the oral cavity.

Two-stage palatoplasty using a modified Furlow procedure

A two-stage palatal repair using a modification of Furlow palatoplasty is presented. The authors investigate the speech outcome, fistula formation and maxillary growth. In a prospective, successive cohort study, 40 nonsyndromic patients with wide cleft palate were operated on between March 2001 and June 2006 by a single surgeon. 10 patients in the first cohort underwent a Furlow palatoplasty (control group). In 30 patients in the second cohort a unilateral myomucosal cheek flap was used in combination with a modified Furlow palatoplasty (study group). The hard palate was closed in both groups 9–12 months later. The Bzoch speech quality score was superior in the study group, and the hypernasality was significantly reduced in the study group. Overall fistula formation was 0%. At the time of hard palate reconstruction palatal cleft width was significantly reduced. Relative short-term follow up of maxillary growth was excellent. There were no postoperative haematomas, infections, or episodes of airway obstruction. This technique is particularly encouraging, because of better speech outcome, absence of raw surfaces on the soft palate, no fistula formation, and good maxillary growth. Further follow-up is necessary to determine the long-term effects on facial development.

Palatal reconstruction

The palate is a critical structure, playing pivotal roles in speech, swallowing, and mastication. Reconstruction of the palate is among the most difficult challenges faced by head and neck reconstructive surgeons. The primary aims of this review are to catalog the evolution of the classification systems for palatal defects, discuss decision making surrounding the various options for hard palate reconstruction, and address the special challenges and techniques involved in soft palate reconstruction. The Okay Classification System has become the standard by which most hard palatal defects are assessed. Free tissue transfer seems to be becoming an increasingly important therapeutic modality for many hard and soft palate defects. Success in the management of palatal defects depends on accurate appreciation of the size and functional extent of each defect, careful patient selection, and specific attention to each patient's goals.

Oncocytic carcinoma of the maxillary sinus: a rare neoplasm

Oncocytic neoplasms are tumors composed of oncocytes (i.e., epithelial cells with a large cytoplasm that is rich in mitochondria). Most cases are benign and originate from the major salivary glands, while the minor salivary glands are rarely involved. Occurrence of oncocytic carcinoma (or malignant oncocytoma) within the sinonasal tract is an unusual event. We report a rare case of maxillary sinus oncocytic carcinoma occurring in a 45-year-old male. Biopsy was consistent with an unspecified salivary gland neoplasm. The patient underwent total maxillectomy through a lateral rhinotomic approach; hard palate reconstruction with temporal myofascial flap was performed. Definitive histology was consistent with oncocytic carcinoma. Due to the local extension of the lesion, postoperative radiotherapy (60 Gy) was delivered. Three years after surgery, the patient is free from disease. A brief analysis of the literature was also accomplished in order to discuss treatment options and prognosis of this unusual neoplasm.

Microvascular radial forearm fasciocutaneous free flap in hard palate reconstruction

The aim of this studyTo report the reconstruction of palatal defects by microvascular radial forearm fasciocutaneous free flap (RFFF) and to report patient's quality of life outcomes after this procedure. Material and methodsDuring the period 1990–2002, 30 cases of palatal defects were reconstructed using RFFF in our institution. RFFF allowed restoration of a vestibular sulcus to maintain dental prostheses. Outcome measurements included post-operative assessment of speech, swallowing and diet evaluation 6 months, 1 year and 2 years after reconstruction. Quality of life outcomes were measured 1 and 2 years post-reconstruction. ResultsRFFF surgery was successful in 28 cases. Six months after resection 28 patients reported satisfactory speech and swallowing. Two years after surgery, 92% (n=26) of patients resumed a normal diet. All patients underwent dental evaluation and 68% (n=19) of patients required dental rehabilitation over a post-operative period of 3–18 months. Patients self assessed their quality of life on a scale of 0–2. First year post-operatively, 21 patients reported a good quality of life (score=2). After the second year, 26 patients reported a good quality of life and the remaining two patients reported an intermediate quality of life (score=1) because they did not resume a normal diet. ConclusionRFFF for palatal reconstruction is a reliable technique and provides a definitive separation between oral and sinusonasal cavities. Furthermore, it improves quality of life by improving speech, swallowing and chewing. It should be considered an integral component of head and neck cancer therapy and rehabilitation.

Hard palate reconstruction with a pedicled osteomyocutaneous mandible flap: Case report

Oncologic resection of palatal neoplasms will predictably lead to significant oral dysfunction, affecting both speech intelligibility and deglutition. The resulting velopharyngeal insufficiency may be corrected with the fabrication of an obturator or by flap reconstruction. The use of obturators is associated with a decrease in operating time and elimination of flap donor site morbidity, whether regional or distant. Disadvantages associated with a prosthesis include a prolonged fabrication process of up to 1 year and the high cost, as well as the need for regular removal and cleaning by the patient.

Hard palate reconstruction in maxillectomy.

Hard palate reconstruction in maxillectomy.

Surgical Reconstruction of Hard Palate

Surgical Reconstruction of Hard Palate