Hard Effort Research Articles

Preface

International Conference on Statistics, Mathematics, Teaching, and Research (ICSMTR) 2021 is the 4th ICSMTR and the biennial event organized by the Department of Statistics and the Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Makassar. The conference provides a forum for discussion on improving the quality of research and publication by promoting cutting-edge methods of Statistics, Mathematics, Science, and Teaching. The conference program includes a keynote presentation, workshops, invited speakers, and parallel presentation sessions. Due to the Covid-19 outbreak, this conference has been successfully held virtual and non-virtual (for presenters or participants from Makassar with health protocol of Covid-19) on 9-10 October 2021 at the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, UNM, Makassar Indonesia.The theme of this conference is “Optimizing Data Science to Reach Society 5.0 through High-Quality Research” with aims to increase collaboration between researchers from various universities and countries in the fields of Statistics, Mathematics, Science, and Teaching as well as to increase the number of researcher publications in journals or proceedings indexed by indexers with international reputations such as SCOPUS and Web of Science.We have 8 invited speakers and 84 presenters both from local and international presenters. The international presenters come from 10 countries namely Nigeria, Thailand, China, Taiwan, Australia, French, Morocco, Saudi Arabia, Malaysia, and Indonesia. The local presenters come from about 46 institutions/universities. The time spent delivering the talks by each invited speaker was 20-30 minutes following by a Question Answer (Q & A) Session for 30 minutes and 7- 10 minutes for each contribution talk. Around 280 participants attended the conference via zoom meeting.On behalf of the committee would like to deliver our highest appreciation to the Keynote Speaker, Rector of Universitas Negeri Makassar, Prof. Dr. H. Husain Syam, M. TP., IPU., ASEAN Eng. and all invited speakers who have been willing to spend their time to share their knowledge to all the participants of the 4th ICMSTR 2021. We would like thanks to sponsors and all the organizing committee for their hard work and effort in the accomplishment of this event. Finally, we would like also to thank the State University of Makassar, the Statistics higher education forum (FORSTAT), the Indonesian Statistics Association (ISI), and the Indonesian Mathematical Society (IndoMS) for their support.List of Steering Committee, International Scientific Committee, Committee, Executive Committee, Secretary, Treasurer, Reviewer, Administration Committee, Editing and Publication Committee, Program Committee, Logistic and Decoration Committee, Fund and Sponsorhip Committee are available in this pdf.

THE ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS’ CHALLENGES TO THESIS WRITING AT UIN ALAUDDIN MAKASSAR

Thesis writing as one of final year students’ assignment is not a simple work. It involves hard work and effort to complete. This research addresses issue of the students’ challenges to thesis writing among the eighth semester students of English Education Department at UIN Alauddin Makassar. The research questions were asking about the challenges faced by the eighth semester students to thesis writing of English Education Department at UIN Alauddin Makassar and the causal factors of the challenges faced by the eighth semester students to thesis writing of English Education Department at UIN Alauddin Makassar. Descriptive qualitative design was used in this research. The subject of this research consisted of 30 students of English Education Department intake year 2016. The subjects were chosen purposively including several criteria. The data of this research was obtained from two kinds of instruments, namely interview with supporting data from questionnaire. The data analysis technique in this research used three steps, they are identification, classification, and explanation. The result of this research showed that the students mostly encountered challenges and delays in their thesis writing process. The challenges were: lack of availability of the references and resources related to the students’ thesis topic, lack of students’ skills in research methodology, as well as lack of students’ knowledge related to the guidelines for writing scientific paper. Moreover, the challenges that the students encountered divided into two affecting factors, namely internal factor and external factor. The internal factors of the students’ challenges are the students’ academic skill related to research methodology and guidelines for writing scientific paper; and the students’ self-confidence. Whereas, the external factors that influencing the students’ challenges are, the availability of the research references, research supervisor, as well as respondents.

How good are jobs in New Zealand?

Based on an analysis of the New Zealand data in the Work Orientation module of the International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) across three rounds (1997, 2005 and 2015), this paper examines how workers in New Zealand perceive their job quality. These surveys imply that New Zealanders have relatively good jobs, as shown in healthy levels of job quality and job satisfaction. They rate highly the quality of their collegial relationships at work and typically perceive the intrinsic quality of their job as better than the extrinsic quality. A key issue in relation to the latter is that they generally do not rate their advancement opportunities as high. While men, full-timers and graduates have some advantages over women, part-timers and non-graduates in extrinsic job quality, the intrinsic quality of work is more evenly experienced. In terms of intrinsic issues, the rising level of stress from 2005 to 2015 poses a concern and there is no evidence that graduates enjoy any kind of premium in the intrinsic quality of work apart from a lower level of hard physical effort.

Teacher's Strategy in Improving Students' Ability to Memorize the Qur’an

Memorizing the Qur’an is a noble act that is favored by Allah SWT. Because by memorizing the Qur’an it means we are trying to maintain the purity of the Qur’an. This cannot be separated from the efforts of a teacher in guiding his students to always memorize the Qur’an from an early age. It is the teacher's hard effort that determines the success of a student in memorizing the Qur’an. This study aims to analyze the strategy of tahfizh teachers in improving students' Qur’an memorization skills. This study uses a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach. The research subjects were teachers and students. Collecting data using the method of observation, interviews and documentation. All interview results were analyzed theoretically using techniques Analysis Interactive Model Miles & Huberman, namely data collection, data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The results of the data analysis found that there were six strategies carried out by the teacher in improving students' Qur’an memorization skills, namely; i) Using various methods, such as talaqqi, tasmi’ and takriri, ii) Applying the ODOA method (one day one ayat), iii) Guiding students to routinely Muraja’ah, iv) Always motivating students to improve their memorization of the Qur’an, v) Giving rote assignments and punishments to students, vi) The teacher corrects students' reading. The results of this study can be used as initial data for future researchers to examine this issue in different contexts and issues.

Real-Time Approach to Reduce Infections through Face Mask Detection

There is one problem in India right now that is the actual suffering of people due to coronavirus infections growing rapidly throughout the whole States of the nation. Thus, all this pandemic one must implement a breakthrough solution that is thought upon with hard effort and attitude without any discrepancy of race and gender. One solution that our group has researched on the real time analysis of face mask using image processing. This method uses the field of deep learning and the field machine learning to successfully attain the mastery or identification or detection of something that has no mask worn. Are Idea utilizing Perfect Combination of the webcam, and also platform to process data which is the computer. Now coming to solve in the real-time problem, we ensure that the project is having a good amount of accuracy without any loss of awareness and ability to discern one data set to another.

Pendidikan Perilaku Religius Penghuni Rumah Susun Kota Pasuruan Dalam Menciptakan Baiti Jannati

The Pasuruan city government has built flats in three sub-districts. The apartment in the city of Pasuruan is expected to be a home that protects their family with limited facilities but full of comfort with the aspiration to form a sakinah mawaddah wa rahma family as well as my home to be my paradise. Likewise with an Islamic environment, ethical and interacting with harmonious neighbors. These flats are expected to be their intermediary in achieving their welfare. Building a household in a household with the concept of my home is my heaven (baiti Jannati) in an apartment is very difficult because of the large number of residents and the concept of apartment building is so complex, except with hard effort. of the residents of the apartment. Therefore, special assistance is needed from tertiary institutions based on pesantren to create education and religious behavior for the residents of the apartment so that baiti jannati will automatically be created by itself. This mentoring uses the ABCD mentoring method involving the residents of the flats themselves. The results of our assistance in these flats include the formation of religious families, polite and able to interact with the community in safe harmony and preserving congregational prayers, Islamic studies, jamiyah tahlil, dibaan and TPQ for children.

Devotional Mysticism: An Analogical Study of Hafez-e Shirazi and William Blake

Mysticism is a method of thinking not wildly shared by the majority of the people around the entire world whereas unique individuals sap at the roots of this concept. Less a coherent movement than a way of thinking, the concept of mysticism is not systematically defined as a firm set of ideas but is more tended to be shaped by the individuals dealing with this concept. In this respect, each person carries this notion in his further exploration on his own accord since the concept is highly individualistic. As such, William Blake directed the concept toward a sort of devotional mysticism emphasizing on the individual's hard effort in achieving unity with God. In a similar manner, Hafez-e Shirazi, a classical Persian poet, undertook more or less the same method in signifying the notion of mysticism to his further investigations in his poems. Hence, through this paper, an attempt is made to explore the poems of these two poets regardless of their different cultural and geographical backgrounds to prove that each poet more or less has applied the same method called devotional mysticism in achieving unification with God. Moreover, the aforementioned research is based on the theoretical framework of comparative literature propounded by Francoise Jost and developed and expanded by Shunqing Cao in their seminal works on comparative literature.

Group mentoring and nurse residents

Group mentoring and nurse residents

Farmers’ perception towards water and soil management in the irrigated paddy field in North Sumatera, Indonesia

Integrated Crop Management (ICM) had been introduced in North Sumatra Province since 2002. This study aimed to explore how farmers’ perception on intermittent irrigation and balanced fertilization of ICM. The assessment was obtained using cross-sectional and field survey in Serdang Bedagai and Deli Serdang Regency. Primary data were initially collected through observation toward community surrounding the watershed. The farmer respondents were selected purposively based on their roles as innovators or early adopters. Secondary data was collected from the review of previous studies. The results showed that after its first introduction in 2002, most farmers had not applied intermittent irrigation and balanced fertilization such as the use of compost and leaf colour chart (BWD) in farming practice. Farmers perception was low regarding technological characteristics that did not correspond with adoption level. High understanding on complexity, comparative advantage, and compatibility were not followed by high level of adoption, resulting innovation dissonance to occur. Farmers in downstream area were unsatisfied of irrigation institution (P3A) particularly in dry season. Therefore, it is recommended to consider institutional (P3A) approach to stimulate behaviour changes among farmers in surrounding watershed area despite hard effort to do so.

Efficacy of D-Dimer Assay in Pulmonary Venous Thromboembolism: Study of 76 Cases

Introduction: Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) encompasses a wide spectrum consisting predominantly of deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. The value of Fibrin Degradation Product (FDP) of which, most common is D-dimer which is most commonly deployed to pre-diagnose venous thrombosis. Diagnosing it has always been a hard effort. It is produced when cross-linked fibrin is broken down; among patient who is suspected of having pulmonary embolism, blood D-dimer levels correlate with the probability of having pulmonary embolism. Aim: This study was done to analyse the sensitivity of plasma D-dimer for VTE. Materials and Methods: Retrospective case study of 76 patients with VTE in form of pulmonary embolism done at the Dhiraj Hospital, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Vadodara from January 2019 to January 2020 for a period of one year. Prethrombolytic plasma was withdrawn and D-dimer quantification were measured using fully automatic stago coagulometer instruement (STA Compact Max). Sensitivity, Specificity, Negative Predictive Value (NPV) and Positive Predictive Value (PPV) was calculated and formulated in tables and graphs. Results: The sensitivity, NPV, specificity and PPV of the D-dimer was 95.65%, 76.92%, 66.66% and 92.95%, respectively. CT pulmonary angiography had a specificity of 80%, sensitivity of 92.75%, a NPV of 70.58% and a PPV of 95.52%. Conclusion: D-dimer is mostly the go to test for ruling out VTE especially pulmonary embolism, if the pre-test probability is intermediate. Rationale use of this test does help in prognostification and helps to achieve therapeutics faster and more effectively.

The 2014-2017 George N. Saridis Best Transactions Paper Award [Society News

Presents the recipients of the George N. Sardis Best Transactions Paper Award for 2014-2017. In 2015, the Board of Governors of the IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Society approved the proposal to name the Best Paper Award in IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems as the George N. Saridis Best Transactions Paper Award (Figure S1). After nearly five years of preparation and planning and almost one year of hard and concentrated effort by the Award Committee, we are pleased to announce the 2014–2017 George N. Saridis Best Transactions Paper Award for articles published in IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems.

The 2014–2017 George N. Saridis Best Transactions Paper Award

In 2015, the Board of Governors of IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Society had approved the proposal to name the Best Paper Award in IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems as the George N. Saridis Best Transactions Paper Award. After nearly five years of preparation and planning, and almost one year of hard and concentrated effort by the Award Committee, we are pleased to announce the 2014–2017 George N. Saridis Best Transactions Paper Award for papers published in the IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems.

The senior year students’ persistence profile of UMTAS (University of Muhammadiyah Tasikmalaya)

This study aims to determine the profile of senior year students at the end of class 2015 that have been studied for 4 years or undergraduate students (S1). This descriptive study was conducted to 10 study programs (S1) at the University of Muhammadiyah Tasikmalaya with a sample number of 142 students. Measuring instrument employed in the form of a questionnaire multiple choice that refers to the grand theory of Pury (Lopez, 2009), which was designed by the researcher in 2019. The results revealed that the persistence of 2015 students was in high category with a percentage of 77.33%. The number of final-level students in the high category of 85% or 121 students, in addition there were 14% or 20 students who belonged to the medium category and 1% or 1 student was in the low category. This indicates that in general, the senior students at the Universitas Muhammadiyah Tasikmalaya have demonstrated maximum persistence in each dimension, including having high desire and awareness to pursue their goals, doing hard effort sustainably, instilling persistent character in resolving the problems, as well as the students can survive and move forward despite the challenges and difficulties in achieving their objectives. Keywords: persistence, student of university

Determinant of regional development bank efficiency for their sustainability issues

Banking efficiency is the main factor that needs to be considered in creating banking competitiveness. This study aims to determine the efficiency of the Regional Development Banks (RDBs) in Indonesia. There are around 26 RDBs throughout Indonesia, however, due to the completeness of the data as the main criteria of this purposive sampling research, this study includes 19 RDBs in observations. This study adopts a quantitative analysis with multiple regressions. There are only 2 variables that significantly affect efficiency, namely the Operational Cost to Operational Income (OCOI) variable and the Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR) variable, and the other variables do not have any significant effects on the efficiency. In general, the dependent variable can be explained simultaneously by the independent variables around 95%, and the remaining 5% is explained by other variables outside the model. Since only 7 RDBs are efficient, then it is necessary for the management of those banks to do hard effort to maintain efficiency and keep on as sustainable banking in this competitiveness era.

Pengaruh Kualitas Layanan, Emosional Marketing dan Spiritual Marketing Terhadap Kepuasan Nasabah Tabungan

In a relatively short period of time, the Islamic financial institutions (LKS) in Indonesia have experienced increasingly sharp competition, which is pushing fierce competition. This condition makes each LKS need hard effort to get customers and retain existing customers. This study aims to determine the effect of service quality, emotional marketing influence, spiritual marketing influence, on satisfaction, and knowing these three variables together affect customer satisfaction. The research method used is quantitative research. By using questionnaire instruments or questionnaires distributed to 57 customers saving KSPPS BMT Nu Jombang. The instrument test used is reliability and validity testand in testing the hypothesis the researcher uses multiple regression analysis tests such as T test, F test and R test coefficient of determination. The results showed that service quality, emotional marketing and spiritual marketing each had a significant positive effect on customer satisfaction. Then service quality, emotional marketing and spiritual marketing together simultaneously affect customer satisfaction in KSPPS BMT NU Jombang with the coefficient of multiple determination (R-square) 87.8% and the remaining 12.2% influenced by other variables outside the research

EEG correlates of physical effort and reward processing during reinforcement learning.

Effort-based decision making is often modeled using subjective value, a function of reward discounted by effort. We asked whether EEG event-related potential (ERP) correlates of reward processing are also modulated by physical effort. Human participants performed a task in which they were required to accurately produce target levels of muscle activation to receive rewards. Quadriceps muscle activation was recorded with electromyography (EMG) during isometric knee extension. On a given trial, the target muscle activation required either low or high effort. The effort was determined probabilistically according to a binary choice, such that the responses were associated with 20% and 80% probability of high effort. This contingency could only be learned through experience, and it reversed periodically. Binary reinforcement feedback depended on accurately producing the target muscle activity. Participants adaptively avoided effort by switching responses more frequently after choices that resulted in hard effort. Feedback after participants' choices that revealed the resulting effort requirement did not elicit modulation of the feedback-related negativity/reward positivity (FRN/RP). However, the neural response to reinforcement outcome after effort production was increased by preceding physical effort. Source decomposition revealed separable early and late positive deflections contributing to the ERP. The main effect of reward outcome, characteristic of the FRN/RP, loaded onto the earlier component, whereas the reward × effort interaction was observed only in the later positivity, which resembled the P300. Thus, retrospective effort modulates reward processing. This may explain paradoxical behavioral findings whereby rewards requiring more effort to obtain can become more powerful reinforcers.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Choices probabilistically determined the physical effort requirements for a subsequent task, and reward depended on task performance. Feedback revealing whether choices resulted in easy or hard effort did not elicit reinforcement learning signals. However, the neural responses to reinforcement were modulated by preceding effort. Thus, effort itself was not treated as loss or punishment, but it affected the responses to subsequent reinforcement outcomes. This may explain how effort can enhance the motivational effect of reward.

The values learners consider as important in the learning of mathematics

Learners have different values, which could affect their learning and eventually their performance in mathematics. However, many teachers are unaware of these values. Therefore, this paper reports on a study that established the values learners consider as important in the learning of mathematics. The participants were 274 Grade 9 learners, selected purposively from one school in Gauteng, South Africa. An exploratory quantitative research method was adopted and data were collected with a standardised questionnaire developed by Seah (2011b). The results revealed that learners value 1) Hard work and effort when doing mathematics; 2) Various different methods to obtain the answer to a mathematics problem; 3) Authentic examples of shapes to understand their properties; 4) Demonstration and explanation of mathematics concepts and proofs; and 5) Teaching and explaining mathematical concepts. This paper highlights the values teachers should consider in the teaching and learning of mathematics in order to ensure better learner performance in mathematics. Furthermore, the paper adds to research on values in Mathematics Education within a South African context.

Geotechnical properties of recycled construction and demolition materials for filling applications

Abstract Modern societies make a hard effort to improve the sustainability of resources due to enhanced environmental sensitivities in nowadays. This paper investigates the usability of recycled construction and demolition materials as an alternative to virgin aggregates in geotechnical applications such as the filling. The physical and geotechnical properties of recycled construction and demolition materials were determined by laboratory tests (i.e. sieve test, flatness test, Los Angeles abrasion test, water absorption test, pycnometer test, modified compaction test, California bearing ratio test, unconfined compressive strength test and resilient modulus test) and a comprehensive laboratory evaluation was carried out. Moreover, similar tests were conducted with a type of high-quality virgin aggregate material frequently used in fillings. The results of the tests conducted on construction and demolition materials were compared with results of the tests conducted on both virgin aggregate and different recycled aggregates which are accepted as an alternative to virgin aggregates used in the filling in the literature. Results of the tests conducted on construction and demolition materials were also evaluated according to the limit values in technical specifications of highway administrations of various countries. As a result of this study, it has been concluded that construction and demolition materials can be a good alternative to virgin aggregate used in the filling provided that it is taken measure against excessive water absorption value.

Perseverance is the Key

Greetings to all ENT Fellows!
 When I became a member of the Board of Trustees during the Presidency of Dr. Cesar Anthony Yabut in 2012, I surmised how concerned and dedicated the Board was in supporting and funding researches of fellows-- whether they were descriptive, analytical, surgical innovations and instrumentations -- through the PSO-HNS research committee.
 Amendments to the research paper contest guidelines were made to give way to the advent of information technology in synchronization with the electronic journal management system of the Philippine Journal of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery (PJOHNS). Online review and corrections were implemented to maximize time and efforts of the judges and the authors. This was given emphasis during the administration of Dr. Wilfredo Batol in 2013.
 Well, these are all done for academic excellence. Under Dr. Howard Enriquez’ administration in 2014, research still remained one of the priorities of PSO-HNS. Each and every paper submitted passed through the eye of the needle of the editorial board of PJOHNS. It may be a lot of hard work and effort for the researchers, judges and editors but it is worth the hard work.
 PERSEVERANCE is the key! Just choose a “worth-knowing” topic and write a “worth-publishing” paper. If it is rejected, just try again. Be patient with the corrections and revisions-- in the end, the fruit of your labor is a sweet success.
 An ORL-HNS specialist should be equipped with this trait to really cope with the ever changing needs of our society whether it is surgically or research oriented as evidenced by our very own PJOHNS.
 It is with great pride and honor that I render a message in our prestigious journal. I would like to take this opportunity to express my sincere gratitude and congratulations to my colleague, Dr. Joey Lapena, and the same is true for the editorial staff and members for their never ending dedication and hard work in making a journal that is equally competitive and accepted in the 21st Century.

Impact of Educational Habits on the Learning of 3–6 Year Old Children from the Perspective of Early Childhood Education Teachers

Although early childhood education is crucial for development, it is considered less important than other educational stages. For this reason, we sought to understand teachers’ perceptions about the effects of educational habits on 3–6 year old children’s learning, in addition to their engagement and level of commitment to make families assume greater responsibility over their children’s acquisition of habits. Further, differences of opinion were examined according to age, teaching experience, and years of experience at the center. The instrument consisted of twenty variables and four dimensions: working habits and effort, environmental factors and personal hygiene, healthy diets, and collaboration and cooperation. The instrument was sent out via email. Non-probability convenience sampling was performed (n = 320). The methodology used a descriptive and cross-sectional study, incorporating correlational (Pearson correlation) and inferential analyses. Statistics included one-way ANOVA, statistical power, effect size, and Scheffé’s test for multiple comparisons. Educational habits were deemed to have a positive impact, which favored studying. Effects were accentuated in relation to hard work and effort towards learning, with these outcomes being associated with other measured variables. Teachers aged between 34 and 40 years old showed greater commitment and attributed more importance to these habits. Teachers who had been at the school for longer evaluated environmental and hygiene habits more positively.