Hard Copy Paper Research Articles

Pengaruh Media Sosial Dan Daya Tarik Wisata Terhadap Keputusan Berkunjung Pada Kebun Jeruk Hijau Manis Desa Pematang Kuing, Kecamatan Sei Suka, Kabupaten Batu Bara

The emergence of so many social media has had an excellent impact, one of which is on the tourism sector. By making it easy to access information on social media related to all travel activities. This research aims to see how much influence social media promotion (X1) and tourist attractions (X2) have on the decision to visit (Y) at the Sweet Green Orange Garden, Pematang Kuing Village, Sei Suka District, Batu Bara Regency. This study uses a quantitative approach. The population in this study was all tourists (period October 2022 - September 2023) of the sweet green orange garden, totaling 7750 visitors. The data was obtained from a Likert scale questionnaire and distributed directly in hardcopy paper containing the questionnaire. The sample for this research comprised 99 samples taken using the Slovin formula, and the sample collection technique used was non-probability sampling in the form of accidental sampling. This research data was analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis. This research shows that the social media promotion variable partially has a positive and significant effect on the decision to visit, and the tourist attraction variable partially has a positive and significant effect on the decision to visit. Meanwhile, the variables of social media promotion and tourist attraction simultaneously have a positive and significant effect on the decision to visit the Sweet Green Orange Garden, Pematang Kuing Village, Sei Suka District, Batu Bara Regency, with an R Square value of 0,414 or 41,4%.

The Effects of Face-to-Face vs. Digital Feedback in an EFL Writing Context: Comparison of Two Turkish State Universities

The current research aims to explore the effects of Face to Face vs. Digital/Written Feedback on students' writing skills in an EFL Context; The participants are university students (N:38) from two state Turkish universities, at the School of Foreign Languages (Preparatory School) with a target language level of B2. The quantitative data was collected from the pre-test and post-test scores of opinion essay writings. The experimental group was exposed to face-to-face/oral feedback of hard copy papers, while the comparison group was exposed to digital/written feedback of soft copy papers. The qualitative data was collected from written interviews eliciting students’ perceptions of face-to-face and digital feedback. Quantitative data was analyzed through The Mann-Whitney U test and Wilcoxon S-R test due to non-normal data distribution. The qualitative data was analyzed via Content Analysis by using CLAN (Computerized Language Analysis) Program. The findings indicated that both digital and face-to-face feedback had a significantly positive effect on students’ writing skills, however, face-to-face feedback was significantly more effective than digital feedback. The interview findings were in line with the quantitative findings and revealed that Face to face feedback was found more effective than digital feedback because it provides communication, negotiation, immediate clarification and a better learning context for students.

Carabids species diversity in Mediterranean beech forests.

BackgroundCarabid beetles are gaining more and more attention in applied studies on environmental monitoring or evaluation of natural resources, probably because they can be used as model organisms. Data on the biology and species richness and abundance of carabids could give valuable information in such applied studies, but online resources are not so informative, at least for Italy. To start filling this gap, a data table (Darwin Core formatted) was uploaded in GBIF database. The table is the result of a pitfall trapping survey of carabids living in a small part of the beech forest ecosystem of the Calabria Region (Italy). Amongst the collected species, few were very abundant, which are likely to be the characterising species of the studied ecosystem.New informationOnline datasets of Italian carabids are absent and information about the species biology, richness and abundance often lies in hard-copy papers. The dataset provided here is the first tentative approach, at least for the Italian fauna, to propose a formal structure for data on carabids acquired by field surveys and to give open access to these data. Furthermore, the need for new Darwin Core terms was commented upon briefly.

Old Wine in A New Bottle: A Mediamorphosis Approach to Realising Nigerian Newspaper Potentials in an Online Era

Information plays a crucial role in every society. The media of every society is responsible for transmitting assorted information to a wide range of diverse audiences through multiple channels, including newspapers, magazines, radio, television and of course, the new media (Internet). In a world where the Internet is becoming the fastest growing medium, technologies like computers and smartphones now enable people to access online news sites to read stories and share with others. Printed newspapers, particularly in Nigeria, have managed to thrive over the years, despite projections of its extinction by some communication experts. Using the Mediamorphosis theory as a base, this study takes readers on a journey to understanding the survival strategies employed by older mediums like the printed newspapers to weather the new media storm. Complimentarily, opinions of purposively selected respondents from Zaria, Kaduna state (n=115) were analysed to determine the motives behind their preference of either online or hardcopy papers. Findings supported the view that in many settings still, there will be those who prefer to read the news the old way and that the new media, as at this time, mainly serve as a functional complement and not an outright replacement to traditional newspapers. The study recommends fact-checking, better marketing as strategies to bridge a credibility gap reported by respondents to exist in the use of both mediums.

Implementation of Tesseract Algorithm to Extract Text from Different Images

Image processing is one of the most growing fields in research and technology in today’s world. There is a high demand of a computer system that can store the information available in newspapers and other hard copy paper documents. One of the most simplest ways to store the information of text into computer systems in by scanning the paper. It can then be stored in the computer and changes can be made on it if required. But, detection of text from the captured image is a very challenging task. Thus, an attempt has been made using the Tesseract algorithm that makes it easier to extract text from images.

Retaining hardcopy papers still important in digital age

Preservation librarian Randy Silverman makes the case for preserving hardcopy newspapers in the digital age. He faults the U.S. Newspaper Program that resulted in copying and destroying original historic newspapers while converting 60 million pages to microfilm, and he argues for the maintenance of the originals to support historical research.

Collecting Health Research Data

Mobile phone–assisted personal interviewing (MPAPI) is becoming a more widely used technique to collect survey data. Not having a hard copy paper document to return to when cleaning data raises the question of how data error rates compare with traditional paper surveys and at what cost. One hundred health research interviewers trained to use traditional pen-and-paper (PAP) survey methodology were recruited and randomly assigned to either a PAP or an MPAPI group. After receiving training on the survey instrument, each of the 100 interviewers conducted interviews with the same five interviewees, for a total of 500 interviews. Costs associated with the two survey methods were calculated. Very low error rates were achieved in both PAP and MPAPI, with a total of 381 data errors identified in 21,500 survey items. Findings suggest that experienced, well-trained interviewers using a short, well-constructed survey can produce very low error rates, independent of survey mode and that the benefits of MPAPI would be magnified as the size and complexity of the study increases.

Disclosure and Use of Privacy Settings in Facebook<sup>TM</sup> Profiles: Evaluating the Impact of Media Context and Gender

The present study examined disclosure and use of privacy settings in online social networking profiles as a function of the media context (i.e., online versus hard copy (paper and pencil) FacebookTM profiles). Gender was also examined. Overall, participants disclosed more information when constructing a profile for another person when using a hard copy paper and pencil format than an online context. Gender differences were not uniform across media contexts, however, in contrast to traditional disclosure theory, females censored their disclosures more so than males but only for some topics. Only 20% of the sample increased their use of privacy settings. Consistent with patterns of disclosure, descriptive comparison suggests that more settings were employed in the paper and pencil than online context and more privacy settings were employed by females.

Changes to publication requirements made at the XVIII International Botanical Congress in Melbourne - what does e-publication mean for you?

Changes to the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature are decided upon every six years at Nomenclature Sections associated with International Botanical Congresses (IBC). The XVIII IBC was held in Melbourne, Australia; the Nomenclature Section met on 18–22 July 2011 and its decisions were accepted by the Congress at its plenary session on 30 July. Several important changes were made to the Code as a result of this meeting that will affect publication of new names. Two of these changes will come into effect on 1 January 2012, some months before the Melbourne Code is published. Electronic material published online in Portable Document Format (PDF) with an International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) or an International Standard Book Number (ISBN) will constitute effective publication, and the requirement for a Latin description or diagnosis for names of new taxa will be changed to a requirement for a description or diagnosis in either Latin or English. In addition, effective from 1 January 2013, new names of organisms treated as fungi must, in order to be validly published, include in the protologue (everything associated with a name at its valid publication) the citation of an identifier issued by a recognized repository (e.g. MycoBank). Draft text of the new articles to do with publication is provided and best practice is outlined. © The Authors. Journal compilation © 2011 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2011, 167, 133–136. To encourage dissemination of the changes made to the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants, this article will be published in BMC Evolutionary Biology, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, Brittonia, Cladistics, MycoKeys, Mycotaxon, New Phytologist, North American Fungi, Novon, Opuscula Philolichenum, PhytoKeys, Phytoneuron, Phytotaxa, Plant Diversity and Resources, Systematic Botany and Taxon.

Toward High-Performance Communications Interfaces for Science Problem Solving

From a theoretical viewpoint, educational interfaces that facilitate communicative actions involving representations central to a domain can maximize students’ effort associated with constructing new schemas. In addition, interfaces that minimize working memory demands due to the interface per se, for example by mimicking existing non-digital work practice, can preserve students’ attentional focus on their learning task. In this research, we asked the question: What type of interface input capabilities provide best support for science problem solving in both low- and high-performing students? High school students’ ability to solve a diverse range of biology problems was compared over longitudinal sessions while they used: (1) hardcopy paper and pencil (2) a digital paper and pen interface (3) pen tablet interface, and (4) graphical tablet interface. Post-test evaluations revealed that time to solve problems, meta-cognitive control, solution correctness, and memory all were significantly enhanced when using the digital pen and paper interface, compared with tablet interfaces. The tangible pen and paper interface also was the only alternative that significantly facilitated skill acquisition in low-performing students. Paradoxically, all students nonetheless believed that the tablet interfaces provided best support for their performance, revealing a lack of self-awareness about how to use computational tools to best advantage. Implications are discussed for how pen interfaces can be optimized for future educational purposes, and for establishing technology fluency curricula to improve students’ awareness of the impact of digital tools on their performance.

Liability Rights As Contingent Claims

A contingent claim is a right to receive money or goods in the event that a possible event actually occurs. A liability right is a right to money damages contingent upon conditions stipulated in law, such as the injurer's negligence causing the victim's harm. When the contingencies occur, a liability right matures into a legal right of action with a claim to damages. In principle, the victim could transfer his right to receive damages to someone else, and the injurer could pay someone else to assume his obligation to pay damages. The transfers could occur before or after the liability right matures. Exchange in a complete set of perfectly competitive markets allocates liability rights efficiently, regardless of the initial allocation by law. In practice, the law impedes such exchanges. Legal reforms could facilitate the development of competitive markets for liability rights, rather than impeding exchange. I explain briefly how competitive exchange could solve the problems of deterrence and insurance, lower the transaction cost of dispute resolution, and improve the quality of consent to waivers of liability. HARD COPY PAPER REQUESTS: Contact Chris Swain, School of Law, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-7200. E-mail: MAILTO:swainc@boalt.berkeley.edu Phone: (510) 642-0503. Fax: (510) 642-3767.

Herding Among Investment Newsletters: Theory and Evidence

A model is developed that implies that if an analyst has high reputation or low ability, or if there is strong public information that is inconsistent with the analyst's private information, she is likely to herd. Herding is also common when informative private signals are positively correlated across analysts. The model is tested using data from analysts who publish investment newsletters. Consistent with the model's implications, the empirical results indicate that a newsletter analyst is likely to herd on Value Line's recommendation if her reputation is high, if her ability is low, or if signal correlation is high. Recommendations are made about how to test herding models. Hard Copy Paper requests: Carol Bass at ceb4@mail.duke.edu, ask for working paper 9714.

Scanned Well-Log Image and Digital Data Management

Summary As part of a comprehensive, multidisciplinary data-management project, libraries of computer-archived well logs that provide access to both scanned-image and digitized-curve data are under development. A comprehensive set of retrieval and management tools facilitates log-image and digitized-curve access and use. Images are accessible for viewing on Unix workstation and mainframe terminals at all office locations and also may be plotted as hard-copy paper prints. Network connectivity and file sharing also facilitate transfer to workstation analytical software. By using the central mainframe as a library and catalog manager, mass storage and database-intensive management tasks are handled outside of the Unix networks. Independence from the rapidly developing workstation network environment reduces database maintenance and permits longer-term data management planning than would otherwise be practical. Image libraries are a developmental step in a trend toward an imagebased work environment in which well-log and other geotechnical image data are expected to become primary analytical resources.

Automated simplex optimization for monochromatic imaging inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy

This article is an electronic publication in Spectrochimica Acta Electronica (SAE), the electronic section of Spectrochimica Acta Part B (SAB). The hardcopy text is accompanied by a diskette with data files and text files with the hardcopy paper in Word for Windows 2.0 and ASCII format, and a disclaimer. The text details the purpose of the work, and the appendix provides essential information for accessing the diskette and using programs and data. An automated simplex optimization program was written in an attempt to relieve the monotonous human effort required to optimize an inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopic (ICP-AES) instrument. The program controls the operating conditions of a solid-state ICP while a monochromatic imaging spectrometer collects two-dimensional response images. In the work described in this article, four of the most important ICP operating parameters are optimized automatically: radio frequency (rf) power, intermediate Ar flow rate, nebulizer flow rate and sample uptake rate. Optimization of these parameters is based first on the response of the Ca II net signal and, independently, on the response of the Ca II net signal-to-background noise ratio ( S N B ). Since the best height and off-axis positions of the designated response are known from the optimal two-dimensional response image, two spatial parameters are indirectly optimized through use of a CCD camera. Optimal operating conditions are reported for the CA II net signal and Ca II S N B as well as the Mg II Mg I ratio.

Revised, fast, flexible algorithms for determination of electron number densities in plasma discharges

This article is an electronic publication in Spectrochimica Acta Electronica (SAE), the electronic section of Spectrochimica Acta Part B (SAB). The hard copy text is accompanied by a disk with two electron number density ( n e) calculation programs written in Turbo Basic (NNE.EXE) and C language (NE.EXE), data mes ( ∗.DAT), a text file (NE.WP) with the hard copy paper in WordPerfect 5.1 and a text file (README) for the introduction of the data files and programs. The theoretical aspects and applications of NNE.EXE and NE.EXE are described in the main article for three plasmas having a wide range of electron number density (4 × 10 13 to 1 × 10 17 cm −3). The descriptions of the procedure, data format, and hardware requirements can be found in the Appendix and the README file. The determination of n e. is accomplished by least-squares fitting of the entire emission profile or the wing portions of the emission profile of the H β line (486.13 nm) to the theoretical Stark broadened profiles, compiled at electron temperature 2500, 5000, 10000 and 20000 K. This approach can reduce errors in the determination of n e owing to the structural dip in the center of the Stark profiles depending on n e value. The curve-fitting routine employs an interval-halving algorithm to produce new interpolated Stark profiles, reduces number of iterations and time required for calculation, and allows the calculation of n e to the limits set by instrument spectral resolution and the availability of theoretical spectral data. Additionally, each program provides graphic displays allowing the reader to observe the interpolated Stark profiles, the fitting process, and magnitude of residuals during the course of calculation, and the effects of plasma temperatures and spectral resolution on the estimation of n e. In addition to H β, theoretical profiles also are included for H α and H γ to illustrate the suitability and drawbacks of these lines for n e estimation. These programs are extended versions of a program reported earlier in Spectrochimica Acta 44B, 175 (1989).

Tomographically resolved ionization temperatures and electron densities in the inductively coupled plasma determined by the line-to-continuum method

This article is an electronic publication in Spectrochimica Acta Electronica (SAE), the electronic section of Spectrochimica Acta Part B (SAB). The hardcopy text is accompanied by three disks with data files with the hardcopy paper in Word 5.0 and ASCII format, and a disclaimer. The text details the purpose of the work and the structure of the three-dimensional Ar ionization temperature and electron number density data files. The line-to-continuum method was used to evaluate the spatial distribution of Ar ionization temperatures, T ion, and electron number densities, n e, within a dry Ar inductively coupled plasma (ICP). The emission measurements were spatially resolved in three dimensions by reconstruction algorithms for computed tomography. The 40.68 MHz Ar ICP was operated at applied r.f. power levels of 0.75 and 1.0 kW. The reconstructed distributions of Ar I line emission (430.0 nm) and continuum emission (428.6 nm) show good reproducibility over a series of five replicate runs. Argon ionization temperatures remain within a 6500–8500 K range throughout the continuum-emission cone of the plasma. Deviations from this temperature range occur in the central channel and around the outer edge of the plasma. Low in the plasma, the central-channel T ion is cooler than 6000 K. Along the outer edge of the plasma, the line-to-continuum ratio becomes small; this low ratio results in erroneously high temperatures (> 12000 K). The errors in T ion appear to be due to reproducible artifacts in the reconstruction process that lead to low Ar I line-emission readings along the outer edge of the plasma. Electron densities show a maximum of 8.5 × 10 14 cm −3 and 1.2 × 10 15 cm −3 at 0.75 and 1.0 kW, respectively. Electron number densities were much better behaved than T ion due to their dependence on the square-root of continuum measurements and only the fourth-root of T ion.

Spectral data base for the identification of fibers by infrared microscopy

This article is an electronic publication in Spectrochimica Acta Electronica (SAE), the electronic section of Spectrochimica Acta B (SAB). The hardcopy text is accompanied by a diskette with data files and text flies with the hardcopy paper in WordPerfect 5.1 and ASCII format, and a disclaimer. The main article discusses the spectroscopic aspects of the subject and explains the purpose of the data files. The work deals with infrared spectra of single synthetic fibers, which were obtained rapidly and with minimal sample preparation by infrared (IR) microscopy. An IR spectral library of 53 polymer fibers was constructed. The IR spectra are included in the Joint Committee on Atomic and Molecular Physical Data (JCAMP-DX) format. The chemical subclass of unknown fibers, with the exception of nylons, could be identified in the first two selection by a computer search using an absolute derivative search algorithm. The data presented in this paper are the extended version of the results reported earlier in Appl. Spectrosc. 44, 543 (1990).