Experiences Of Harassment Research Articles

The relationship between experienced and observed harassment: The role of organizational identification and perceived justice in a higher educational context

AbstractBuilding on cognitive schema theory, this study investigates the relationship between experienced and observed harassment in a university setting. It also examines two moderators—organizational identification and perceived justice. Using a cross sectional survey, data were gathered from 276 academics and staff in a private university with approximately 9000 students located in the southeastern United States. The results suggest that employees who personally experience workplace harassment are more likely to observe others as being targets of harassment. They also suggest that organizational identification and perceptions of organizational justice moderate the relationship between experienced harassment and observed harassment. Overall, the findings support the important role of schemas in understanding how pre‐organized cognitive templates can impact perceptions of observed harassment in an academic context, and also stress the central roles of organizational identification and perceived justice in managing harassment. With respect to practical implications for higher educational institutions, human resource managers must work hard at making sure that faculty, staff and students perceive their universities to have fair systems in place so they can have trust in their institutions, thus increasing the likelihood that individuals will more likely disassociate their own negative experiences from the harassment schema. Managers should also implement programmes to build positive organizational cultures or school spirit.

Under Attack in the Cyber Battlefield: A Scoping Review of Journalists’ Experiences of Cyberharassment

ABSTRACT This scoping review synthesises evidence on journalists’ experiences of online harassment. This review aims to (i) understand the prevalence and impact of cyberharassment among journalists, (ii) explore coping strategies adopted by this population, and (iii) map out differences influenced by sociodemographic characteristics. The search was performed until 31st August 2023 in 4 database hosts, accessing a total of 13 databases. A total of 19 records were deemed eligible for inclusion in this review. This review demonstrates that online harassment of journalists is pervasive on a global scale and that it is not confined to a particular geographical region, culture, or sociopolitical context. Apart from a myriad of emotional and psychological sequalae on an individual and collective level, cyberharassment of journalists threatens press freedom and deters the journalistic “watchdog” role through the promotion of self-censorship. There is significant knowledge about female journalists’ lived experiences of cyberharassment, partly due to the amplified frequency and severity of the abuse that is received. Yet little is known about the impact of cyberharassment on male journalists, and journalists with marginalised identities. Recommendations for the mitigation of the effects of cyberharassment among journalists are imparted on an individual, collective, organisational and societal level.

The prevalence of harassment of diagnostic radiography and radiation therapy students whilst on clinical placement in the Republic of Ireland

Objective To determine if student radiographers and radiation therapists experience harassment (verbal, physical or sexual) while on clinical placement and their awareness of policies in place to report such incidents. Methods An online questionnaire developed from the World Health Organisation’s questionnaire on workplace violence in healthcare and the higher education authority (HEA) national survey of student experiences of sexual violence and harassment in Irish HEIs was used. Undergraduate and postgraduate diagnostic radiography and radiation therapy students in the Republic of Ireland to be included and have completed a minimum of four weeks of clinical placement. Our of 256 students, 98 filled out the survey. Results Forty-one per cent (n = 40) of students reported experiencing at least one incident of harassment. Thirteen per cent reported experiencing two forms of harassment, and 2 students reported experiencing verbal, physical and sexual harassment. Verbal harassment (n = 33) and sexual (n = 16) were the most common form of harassment while physical harassment was experienced 7 participants. Ninety-one per cent (n = 88) of participants reported they don’t believe they have received sufficient training in dealing with incidents of physical, verbal or sexual harassment. Conclusion Harassment of student radiographers and radiation therapists is occurring while on placement. Male patients are the modal perpetrator, and most incidents go unreported. Students are not empowered to report an incident of harassment and are sometimes unaware of how to report harassment.

Unveiling Gender Power Dynamics in Chinese Digital Discourse: A Case Study of the Discourse of Mutual Accusations in Allegations of Sexual Harassment

This study stems from a case involving a prominent Chinese internet celebrity whose account suspension followed her sexual harassment allegation. Subsequent online discussions on Weibo saw both the accuser and accused strategically presenting themselves as victims using text, imagery, and evidence, while official statements and public evaluations added complexity to the discourse. Employing the MCDA approach, the research analyzed data from Weibo posts under the ‘XHJ incident’ hashtag, amounting to a total of 23,569 outcomes. This analysis delves comprehensively into competitive and collective victimhood, strategic anonymization, and challenges faced by female accusers in public discourse. The case study shows that competitive victimhood in digital contexts intersects with gendered narratives, extending to construct collective victimhood within intricate power dynamics and inadvertently oversimplifying nuanced experiences of sexual harassment through anonymization and functionalization strategies. Furthermore, it provides insights into challenges encountered by female accusers in the public discourse, including perpetuated doubt about women's credibility and intentions, contributing to silencing and disempowerment.

Factors Associated With Experiences of Harassment or Abuse Among Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans, Queer, and Asexual Young People With Disability in Australia.

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, queer, and asexual (LGBTQA+) young people with disability are known to experience higher rates of harassment or abuse than LGBTQA+ young people without disability. This study focused on participants in Australia and identified factors associated with harassment or abuse among LGBTQA+ adolescents and young adults who reported a disability as well as associations with mental health outcomes. Analyses were conducted from a national survey that included 2,500 LGBTQA+ people who reported a disability and were aged 14 to 21 years. Measures included experiences in the past 12 months of verbal and physical harassment or abuse due to one's sexual orientation or gender identity, sexual harassment or abuse, mental health, suicidality, and sociodemographic traits. Overall, 48.4% of participants with disability reported experiencing verbal harassment or abuse, 12.4% physical harassment or abuse, and 29.7% sexual assault or harassment. In multivariable regression analyses, verbal harassment or abuse was significantly more likely among trans men, participants with an intellectual disability, and those who were "out" to most or all of their family. Physical harassment or abuse was significantly more likely among participants with a physical or sensory disability. Sexual harassment or abuse was significantly more likely among trans women and participants with a physical or sensory disability. Participants who experienced harassment or abuse were also significantly more likely to have attempted suicide in the past 12 months. These findings will assist policymakers and practitioners in identifying contexts linked to a heightened risk of abuse among LGBTQA+ young people with disability and further underscore an immediate need to address and prevent harm in this population.

Experiences of Sexual Harassment and its Association with The Levels of Depression and Self-Esteem among Female Higher Education Students in Selangor

Experiences of Sexual Harassment and its Association with The Levels of Depression and Self-Esteem among Female Higher Education Students in Selangor

It is “Part of this Larger Tapestry of Anti-queer Experiences”: LGBTQ+ Australians’ Experiences of Street Harassment

AbstractMost research on street harassment has focused on the experiences of heterosexual, cisgender women, shaping our understandings of street harassment as a problem of sexism and men’s violence against women. In this article, we examine semi-structured interviews with 25 LGBTQ+ Australians who detailed their experiences of street harassment. We found that LGBTQ+ people experience unique forms, contexts, and trajectories of street harassment that a cisheteronormative gendered framework cannot fully account for. Homophobia, transphobia, and heterosexism are drivers that have been under-theorized in street harassment literature. Our findings reiterate the importance of moving beyond over-simplified understandings of gender-based violence and the need to analyze other intersecting forms of marginalization beyond binary conceptualizations of gender.

대학생들의 성적 괴롭힘에 대한 인식과 개선을 위한 교육 프로그램 개발

The purpose of this study is to fi nd out the perception of college students' experiences of sexual harassment, types, victims, and countermeasures against sexual harassment in college, and to develop an educational program to improve awareness.
 As a result of the study, it was found that many students had experiences of sexual harassment as well as experiences of gender inequality in various ways. In this preventive dimension, preventive education in various ways within universities will be of great help in improving college students' gender recognition and concrete responses. Therefore, violence prevention education based on gender equality should be systematically and continuously carried out, and support at the university level would be needed to make various manuals that are of practical help to students. In addition, it will be possible to achieve healthy heterosexual relationships that can respect and care for each other through confl ict resolution education programs that prevent dating violence and are necessary for dating. In everyday life, it is necessary to educate students to critically refl ect on the overall media analysis so that they can have a critical consciousness from a gender equality perspective. For this education, it is necessary to develop education through diversifi cation of teaching methods, such as learner-centered participatory education and media education centered on critical awareness of daily life. Through these various educational programs, it is expected to have an effect on correct gender recognition and improvement for students, and this is expected to contribute to establishing a healthy campus culture within the university.

FACTORS RELATED TO SEXUAL HARASSMENT ON PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION IN JABODETABEK IN 2022

Komnas Perempuan defines sexual harassment as sexual acts through physical or non-physical touch with the sexual organs or sexuality of the victims they are subjected to, including acts of whistling, flirting, sexually suggestive speech, displaying pornography and sexual desires, touching or touching the body, gestures or gestures of a sexual nature that result in discomfort, offense, feeling degraded, and possibly to the point of causing health and safety issues. One of them was (55.7%) of respondents who had experienced sexual harassment on public transport. The most respondents who were exposed to the most sexual harassment were women (75.2%). The most frequent harassment was in the KRL (19.5%). The most frequent abuse was verbal abuse (47.7%). The most common type of verbal abuse is someone who calls beautiful/handsome sweet etc. (42.3%). The most perpetrators were other passengers (36.9%). The purpose of this study is that this research was conducted to determine the experience of sexual harassment in general transportation users in Jabodetabek in 2022. The method used This research is a type of quantitative research with a descriptive observational approach with a cross-sectional study design. Data collection was carried out primer using a questionnaire with a sample of 149 respondents taken by purposive sampling technique. The advice of every public transport officer is to provide strict protection so that there is no more sexual harassment.

Doing leadership differently as resistance: Care‐fully reworking Aotearoa New Zealand's research system

AbstractThe ‘research system’ in Aotearoa New Zealand is rife with obstacles for entry and retention of diversity. The research system's complexity and longevity gives the impression of stability and fixity, but we argue it is characterised by a lack of imagination around leadership that generates change. In this article, we examine the embodied experiences of research leadership, as encountered by participants at Aotearoa New Zealand's universities and a nationally funded Centre of Research Excellence. It is within such institutions and organisations, built on colonial and patriarchal values, that experiences of marginalisation, oppression and harassment have been documented. We destabilise the apparently static nature of this ‘research system monolith’ by taking up MacLeavy, Fannin and Larner's (2021) provocation of a feminist approach to boldly do leadership differently. Drawing from interviews with researchers, we argue that resistance to, and reworking of, the research system can be found in feminist modes of practice: in the everyday, mundane practices of care‐full research leadership that do leadership differently.

Fighting the Fascists: What Can Sociology Teach Our Students?

This essay began as a keynote I delivered at a sociology teaching conference in the summer of 2023. It focuses on my experiences of right-wing harassment and as both a scholar and teacher working in Florida under recent legislation that targets various foundational sociology concepts and challenges various inclusion practices on college campuses. I offer an assessment of these attacks on our academic freedoms and lay out three skills that sociology specifically can provide students as they navigate learning in environments like Florida.

Young Adults’ Online and In-Person Sexual Harassment Experiences in Romantic Relationships: Exploring the Role of Relationship Type and Dark Triad Personality Traits

As romantic relationships in young adulthood (18–25 years) are frequently characterized by experimentation and risk-taking, this could make young adults particularly vulnerable to experience sexual harassment by a dating or committed partner. This study examines young adults’ victimization and perpetration experiences of online and in-person sexual harassment with their dating or committed partner, and explores the role of the Dark Triad personality traits. We conducted a cross-sectional survey among 458 young adults, 371 of whom were in a romantic relationship ( Mage = 20.80, SDage = 1.51, 25.6% men). Our findings revealed that all measured sexual harassment experiences were significantly more prevalent among young adults in dating relationships compared to those in committed relationships. Furthermore, in both relationship types, all online and in-person experiences of sexual harassment were significantly linked, indicating that these harmful experiences occur across contexts. Additionally, all victimization and perpetration experiences were significantly linked in both relationship types, meaning that some young adults were both victims and perpetrators of these behaviors. Lastly, we found that sexual harassment was linked to narcissism in dating relationships, but to Machiavellianism in committed relationships, indicating that different strategies may explain these behaviors.

Lowering Their Meritocratic Blinders: White Men’s Harassment Experiences and Their Recognition and Reporting of Workplace Race and Gender Bias

Lowering Their Meritocratic Blinders: White Men’s Harassment Experiences and Their Recognition and Reporting of Workplace Race and Gender Bias

PUBLIC SEXUAL HARASSMENT IN PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION IN PAMPANGA

The study examines public sexual harassment in the Pampanga public transportation system and its connection to Feminist Theory. It reveals that young adults, particularly females aged 18-25, are most vulnerable to harassment, possibly influenced by socio-cultural factors. Education levels do not significantly affect the risk of harassment, but middle-class families have a higher risk. Unmarried individuals are at a higher risk. The study also reveals that harassment is prevalent in crowded vehicles and has profound psychological consequences. Low reporting rates highlight the need for increased awareness and improved reporting mechanisms. The research also suggests a multi-faceted approach, incorporating safety strategies to mitigate risks and encourage reporting. It refutes the significance of demographic factors in determining harassment experiences or reporting behaviors, highlighting the need for comprehensive measures to safeguard individuals. KEYWORDS: Sexual Harassment, Public Transportation, Non-Reporting

Nursing students’ experiences of sexual harassment – A qualitative study from feminist identity perspective

AimTo explore experiences of sexual harassment among nursing students in an East Asian region and to gain knowledge of the underlying factors influencing nursing students’ conceptualization of and response to sexual harassment. BackgroundNursing students are susceptible to sexual harassment due to gender and power inequality in healthcare systems. Sexual harassment has an adverse impact on the students' physical and mental health. Studies on sexual harassment among nursing students are limited and reported significantly varied occurrence prevalence in different cultures. Feminist identity theory can provide a framework to examine social-culturally constructed perceptions of sexual harassment. DesignA qualitative descriptive study. MethodsThe study was conducted in Macau, a Special Administrative Region of China. Purposive sampling was applied. Twenty-six nursing students and five nursing educators participated in the study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the interview data. A series of measures were applied to enhance the trustworthiness of the study. ResultsWhile most of the students had not experienced or heard of sexual harassment, a limited number claimed sexual harassment as a frequently encountered instance. The students expressed uncertainty about what constituted sexual harassment, mainly due to a lack of exposure to information on sexual harassment. They were caught in a dilemma between exerting nursing professional virtues and exposing the misconduct of the suspected perpetrators, leading to taking passive approaches of ignoring and avoiding as the primary coping strategies. In contrast, nursing educators advocated proactive approaches as coping strategies to address sexual harassment. ConclusionsA conflict between nursing professional identity and feminist identity is observed among nursing students. Healthcare institutions and nursing schools should develop interventions to enhance nursing students’ assertiveness to sexual harassment.

Narratives from the Margin: Sexual Harassment and Strategies of Resistance

In India, the Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act 2013 completed its ten years in April 2023. However, this is a crucial time to review its effects, provisions, and the awareness about the Act, and how much it has percolated at the grassroots level. Consequently, we must pay attention to the voices from the margin in order to comprehend the situation and need to bring these voices to the center to point out the lacuna and challenges of the Act as well as strengthen the discourse around the sexual harassment of women at the workplace. The study based on empirical findings, focuses on experiences of women workers at a wholesale vegetable market in Pune1 and follows an ethnographic approach. The article argues that mainstream discourse on sexual harassment does not acknowledge experiences of women from the bottom of the socio-economic margins and it is a caste-blind gender discourse. Caste shapes women’s experiences of sexual harassment at workplace differently and sometimes to mitigate the risk, women apply different strategies and build alternative mechanisms to combat sexual harassment at the workplace.

Gendered Understanding and Experiences of Sexual Harassment: Informing a Policy Framework for Higher Education Institutions

Sexual harassment policies in South African higher education institutions show variations in focus and content. In this study, we set out to determine students’ understandings and experiences of sexual harassment with the broader aim of informing a framework that higher education institutions could use to strengthen their sexual harassment policies. A total of 640 (of a potential 2 222) students completed an online survey that, among other things, incorporated the Sexual Experience Questionnaire. Non-parametric procedures were used to identify significant gender differences and effect sizes in students’ understandings and experiences of sexual harassment. More female students experienced some form of sexual harassment, and they were more likely to recognise different types of verbal sexual harassment (possibly because they present a broader definition of harassment). The female students appeared less tolerant of harassment behaviour, but they were significantly more hesitant to report sexual harassment than the male students. In addition, the female students were less likely to consider themselves familiar with the guidelines on reporting incidents of sexual harassment and they were more likely to feel that perpetrators get away with harassment behaviour than the male students. Both male and female students indicated that sexual harassment is more likely to occur between student groups than between students and lecturers. The male and female students expressed strong support for the proposed policy components, including defining sexual harassment, procedures for reporting and disciplinary sanctions for sexual harassment.

Medical Students’ Self-Perceptions of Harassment During Clinical Placement

ObjectivesExploring workplace dynamics during clinical placement is crucial to determine whether medical students are encountering safe and meaningful learning experiences. The aim of this original article is to describe medical students’ reported harassment experiences whilst on clinical placement.DesignMedical students in years 4 to 6 were invited to participate in the survey. In this mixed-methods study, data collection included demographic information, responses to the Generalized Workplace Harassment Questionnaire, and qualitative commentaries.ResultsTwo hundred and five students completed the questionnaire. Medical students experienced harassment in areas of verbal aggression, disrespect, isolation/exclusion, threats/bribes, and physical aggression. Concerning levels of occurrence were noted for disrespect, isolation/exclusion, and verbal aggression.ConclusionsMany medical students in this study reported experiencing harassment during their clinical placements indicating that harassment during clinical placement continues to be of concern in medical education. The findings indicate that further initiatives need to be designed to identify and respond to these cases of workplace harassment and that power imbalance and safe reporting appear to be further issues of concern. It was evident that students need to feel safe enough to be able to report harassment experiences to allow managers and educators to address the full extent of the problem.

Calling it out? A Q Methodological Study of Sexual Harassment Labelling.

The public condemnation of high-profile men accused of gendered violence in 2017 resulted in an upsurge of women labelling past experiences as sexual harassment. This study used Q methodology to explore understandings of sexual harassment in the UK. Forty participants sorted 62 statements into quasi-normal grids which were factor analyzed (by person). Eight factors were identified which were titled: Sex Not Sexism, Sexualized Discriminations, Victim Voice, Sameness and Difference, Power/Sex, Repeated Power Abuse, Personal Boundaries, and Masculinity and Heterosexism. Taken together, they signal that feminist efforts to articulate the experience of sexual harassment have gained ground during this period.

What factors contribute to behaviour-related stigma among men who have sex with men in Western Province - Sri Lanka

Introduction: Men who have sex with men (MSM) are one of the key population groups who have a high risk of transmitting and acquiring HIV. They are being stigmatized due to their behavior. Therefore, it is of prime importance to identify those correlates of stigma among MSM to take measures to minimize them. Objective: To determine the correlates of behavior-related stigma among MSM in Western Province, Sri Lanka. Methods: A cross-sectional study with an analytical component was conducted among MSM in the Western province, of Sri Lanka. The sample size was 564. Participants were recruited using respondent-driven sampling. Data collection was done using two interviewer-administered questionnaires, the “Behavior related stigma Scale”, a tool developed and validated by the investigators was used to assess the level of stigma, and a separate questionnaire to assess the correlates of stigma which was also developed by the investigators. Correlates of behavior-related stigma among MSM were determined by multivariate analysis using an adjusted Odd’s ratio. Results: Advancing age (>29 years) (p= 0.01), being educated up to grade 10 (p = 0.039), family and friends considering homosexuality as a psychiatric disease (p – 0.018), the experience of sexual abuse in childhood (p <0.001), the experience of nonverbal harassment from relatives (p <0.001), being arrested by police during lifetime (p<0.001), not carrying condoms as they were not supplied (p=0.007) were positively associated statistical significance with a high level of behavior related stigma among MSM. Being educated regarding HIV/AIDS from the health sector and media were negatively associated. Conclusions: There are modifiable factors associated with behavior-related stigma among MSM. Awareness programs should be conducted for the public to sensitize them regarding same-sex behavior, thus minimizing harassment from society.