Objectives: The aim of the study was to determine whether iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in reproductive-age women affects cognitive functioning, physical functioning, psychiatric morbidity, fatigue and quality of life. Materials and Methods: Thirty-three women aged between 18-50 years with IDA and 32 non-anemic healthy women were included in the study. Laboratory analyses, neuropsychological tests, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), VAS fatigue, Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ-DI) and Short Form-36 (SF-36) were assessed. Results: There was no significant difference in demographic characteristics of the patients between groups. Digit Forward/Backward, Digit Span Total, HAQ-DI, BAI, BDI, SF-36, fatigue scores in IDA group were significantly lower than the controls. Correlation analysis revealed that education, serum iron, ferritin, and hemoglobin levels were associated with cognitive test scores and fatigue. Serum iron, ferritin, and hemoglobin levels were found to be associated with HAQ-DI, BAI, BDI, and SF-36 scores. Coclusion: IDA negatively affects cognition, physical functioning, quality of life, fatigue, symptoms of anxiety and depression in reproductive-age women.