Happiness Scale Research Articles

Sleep and subjective well-being among chinese adolescents

Introduction: The relationships among sleep, resilience, and subjective well-being (SWB) are less studied in adolescents. This study aimed to examine the associations between multiple sleep domains (sleep duration and quality, and chronotype) and SWB in Chinese adolescents, and whether resilience mediated these relationships. Methods: We enrolled 455 adolescents in Jintan and Nanjing cities (Jiangsu Province, China) in 2017–2018. Sleep variables included sleep duration (time in bed [TIB], interval between bedtime and waketime), sleep quality (global score of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index [PSQI]), and chronotype (mid-sleep time on weekends corrected for sleep debt). We used the Chinese version of the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale to measure resilience, and the satisfaction with Life Scale and Subjective Happiness Scale to measure SWB. Mediation analyses were performed using structural equation modeling with a bootstrap approach. Results: The associations between sleep duration/sleep quality and SWB were fully mediated by resilience. Specifically, longer TIB (B = 2.04, P = 0.03) and lower PSQI scores (B = −1.60, P < 0.001) were associated with greater resilience, which in turn, was associated with greater latent SWB constructed from happiness and life satisfaction (BTIB = 0.12, BPSQI = 0.11, P < 0.05). Later chronotype was associated with lower happiness (B = −0.52, P = 0.01) and life satisfaction (B = −0.76, P = 0.02) but not resilience and latent SWB. Conclusion: Sleep duration and sleep quality were positively associated with latent SWB, and resilience is a mediator. Later, chronotype was independently associated with lower levels of SWB indicators, including happiness and life satisfaction. The study findings highlight the importance of optimal sleep in promoting resilience and SWB during adolescence.

Fear, Loneliness, Happiness and Mental Health in the Post-COVID-19 Period: A Cross-Cultural Study in a Sample of Japanese and Polish University Students.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, interpersonal relations were highly constrained due to the social distancing rules and sanitary restrictions imposed to prevent the transmission of the virus. These social changes gave rise to ever-deepening experiences of loneliness, deterioration of mental well-being, and fear of COVID-19, which affected the citizens of all the countries struggling with the pandemic. The present paper reports the results of a study on mental health, interdependent happiness, loneliness and fear of COVID-19 in Polish and Japanese university students. A total of 180 people (83 Poles and 97 Japanese) aged 19-41 participated in the study. The participants were surveyed using the Mental Health Continuum-Short Form to assess three dimensions of mental health; the UCLA Three-Item Loneliness Scale to measure loneliness; the Interdependent Happiness Scale based on the concept of a relational sense of community with others as associated with well-being, and the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S). The respondents were also asked one question about their subjectively perceived economic status. The largest cross-cultural difference in the investigated variables concerned fear of COVID-19. The Japanese university students showed higher levels of this fear. The level of fear of COVID-19 in the group of women, regardless of the culture they came from, was not associated with any other variables we analyzed. In the Japanese sample, it was negatively correlated with interdependent happiness, and in the Polish sample, fear od COVID-19 was only correlated with the Social dimension of Mental Health. Other variables that differentiated the two nationalities, though to a lesser extent, were the Social dimension of Mental Health, which was higher in the Japanese sample, and the Psychological dimension of Social Health, with higher scores in the Polish sample. The power of mental resources, although it may vary among individuals, is independent of culture. Regardless of the level of fear of COVID-19 in the two cultures, the examined mental resources are positively associated with well-being and the return to normal functioning after the pandemic.

Perbedaan Tingkat Kebahagiaan K-Popers dan Non K-Popers di SMK Negeri 1 Martapura

Happiness is a positive feeling that is felt by every individual, where this happiness has a relationship between pleasure, satisfaction, and happiness in life. The topic of happiness is interesting to discuss, especially if this topic of happiness compares between two groups in order to find out which group has the higher level of happiness. This study aims to determine the differences between the two groups, namely groups of k-pop fans and non-k-pop fans. The sample in this study were 18 k-pop fans and 18 non-k-pop fans from SMK Negeri 1 Martapura. The measuring instrument used for this research is the Happiness Scale. Assumption test in this research is in the form of normality test and homogeneity test. In the Assumption Test results, the results obtained that the two groups, namely fans and non-fans of k-pop, show that the data is normally distributed. Researchers analyzed the data using Two Independent Sample T-Test through an application, namely SPSS for windows version 25 with a result of 0.327 with a probability value of p > 0.05. From the results of the data analysis, it can be seen that there is no significant difference between the level of happiness of k-pop fans and non-k-pop fans.

Preconceptions of Happiness and Satisfaction: The Perspective of Children from Czech Primary Schools

The aim of this research was to determine what children aged 10–15 associate with happiness/satisfaction as well as to analyse which factors are related to their feelings of happiness and their evaluation of life satisfaction. A total of 954 children attending Czech primary schools from various socio-cultural backgrounds were surveyed using the incomplete sentence method. The levels of both their happiness and satisfaction were measured using the Subjective Happiness Scale and Students’ Life Satisfaction Scale. The results indicate that the children considered themselves relatively happy and satisfied, and they understood happiness/satisfaction in terms of the concept of eudaimonia (personal growth, achievement of school goals, etc.). Happiness/satisfaction were indicated at a significantly lower level if the children did not feel accepted by their caregivers, described themselves as ‘melancholic’, were raised in a single-parent family, or spent their childhood in institutional care. Further, as the children grew older, their happiness/satisfaction levels declined. Neither gender nor spirituality were found to predict happiness/satisfaction.

Effects of Physical Health on Happiness and Quality of Life among Smokers and Non-Smokers

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to find the effects of physical health on happiness and quality of life among smokers and non-smokers. For this purpose, a sample of 104 adults, 52 smokers and 52 non-smokers was taken from Delhi NCR. SF-36 health survey questionnaire, Oxford happiness scale and WHOQOL were administered. Correlation analysis were run, the findings revealed a significant correlation among the three variables at .01 levels among smokers and non-smokers. All the dimensions of physical health are correlated with happiness and quality of life among smokers and non-smokers. The paper concludes with discussion and conclusion of the study.

Family Support as Predictor of life Satisfaction and Happiness in Pakistani Adolescents

Family support appears to be one of the most important factors influencing subjective well-being in terms of life satisfaction and happiness. Notwithstanding the generally accepted value of the family, the relationship between family support and individual well-being outcomes has not been thoroughly studied. Considering bonding with one's family is linked to well-being across life, the goal of our study was to investigate the relationship between family support, life satisfaction, and happiness among Pakistani teenagers. A total of 250 adolescents (49% male and 51% females) took part in the study with age ranged 12 to 19 years. Family support, life satisfaction, and happiness were measured by Multidimensional Scale for Perceived Social Support, the Satisfaction with Life Scale, and Subjective Happiness Scale respectively.The findings demonstrated that family support significantly positively correlated with both life satisfaction and happiness. Family support positively predicted life satisfaction and happiness. Furthermore, results indicated that boys perceived their families as more supportive than girls. However non-significant gender difference was found at the level of life satisfaction and happiness. Our findings revealed a significant positive association between family support, life satisfaction and happiness, which suggested that people who assess their families as helpful are more likely to have higher levels of life satisfaction and happiness.

Fear of Happiness Predicts Concurrent but not Prospective Depressive Symptoms in Adolescents.

It is increasingly recognised that the study of responses to positive emotions significantly contributes to our understanding of psychopathology. Notably, positive emotions are not necessarily experienced as pleasurable. Instead, some believe that experiencing happiness may have negative consequences, referred to as fear of happiness (FOH), or they experience a fear of losing control over positive emotions (FOLC). According to reward devaluation theory, such an association of positivity with negative outcomes will result in positive stimuli being devalued over time, contributing to or maintaining depressive symptoms. The prospective relationship between fears of positivity and depressive symptoms is yet to be examined in adolescents. The present longitudinal study investigated whether FOH and FOLC prospectively predict depressive symptoms. 128 adolescents between 16-18 years of age (M = 16.87, SD = 0.80) recruited from two secondary schools in Flanders, Belgium, completed measures of depressive symptoms (Depression Anxiety Stress Scales) including consummatory anhedonia, FOH (Fear of Happiness Scale), and FOLC (Affective Control Scale) in their classroom at baseline and 2-months follow-up. Regression analyses were performed to test the association between FOH, FOLC, and depressive symptoms. FOH concurrently, but not prospectively, predicted depressive symptoms. There was no significant association between FOH and consummatory anhedonia. FOLC was not a significant predictor of depressive symptoms or consummatory anhedonia. These findings suggest that FOH may only be concurrently related to depressive symptoms. Considering prior findings in adults, future research should investigate the association of FOH with anticipatory anhedonia in adolescents.

Longitudinal and experimental investigations of implicit happiness and explicit fear of happiness

ABSTRACT Some individuals devalue positivity previously associated with negativity (Winer & Salem, 2016). Positive emotions (e.g. happiness) may be seen as threatening and result in active avoidance of future situations involving positivity. Although some self-report measures can capture emotions of happiness-averse individuals, they are not always capable of capturing automatic processing. Thus, we examined the association between implicitly-assessed happiness and explicit (i.e. self-reported) fear of happiness in three studies. In Study 1, participants completed the Fear of Happiness Scale (FHS) and an implicit measure of emotions at four-time points over approximately one year. The implicit measure required participants to choose which emotion (i.e. anger, fear, happiness, sadness, or none) best corresponded to 20 individual Chinese characters. In Studies 2 and 3, we utilized an experimental design, implementing a mood induction to emphasise the relationship between explicit fear of happiness and implicitly-assessed happiness. Participants completed the FHS and chose which emotion they believed the artist tried to convey in 20 abstract images. Results indicated that greater self-reported fear of happiness was related to reduced implicit happiness. Findings from these studies provide compound evidence that individuals who hold negative views of positivity may process implicit happiness in a devaluative manner.

Un estudio comparativo sobre el impacto de la Covid-19 en estudiantes universitarios latinoamericanos

COVID-19 has changed educational opportunities for students around the world, and, in the process, affected their lifestyle, happiness, and engagement. The present research is part of a project from six universities in different countries across Latin America to examine the impact of COVID-19 on university students.Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess and compare the impact of COVID-19on lifestyle changes, orientations to happiness, and student engagement among a sample of college students in Mexico, El Salvador, Colombia, the Dominican Republic, Peru, and the US.Methods: Participants were1764 students from the six previously identified countries. Data were collected using the Student Health Behavior Inventory, the Orientations to Ha-ppiness Scale, and the University Student Engagement Inventory.Results: Student respondents were mostly female, with a median age of 22. Most reported no changes in academic performance and statistically significant changes in some lifestyle behaviors such as nutrition and physical activity. Conclusions: The global pandemic led to behavioral changes among college students in La-tin America, and it affected their orientations to happiness and engagement. Institutions of higher learning are called to create opportunities for their students to reintegrate into an in-person learning environment to facilitate positive lifestyle changes for their students.

Character Strength and Happiness among Environmental and Educational Volunteers in a Collectivistic Culture

Volunteers participate in charitable activities sincerely without any certain expectations. Concerning this volunteerism, this study aims to investigate the influence of character strength on happiness in environmental and educational volunteers. Employing Seligman's happiness scale as a measurement instrument (α = 0.615) and Peterson and Seligman's (α = 0. 976) Value in Action - Inventory of Strength (VIA-IS) as a measurement instrument to determine character strength, 99 volunteers working in environmental and educational fields of voluntary organizations were recruited. The inclusion criteria for recruiting these participants included male or female participants over 18 years old, active at the organizations for at least six months, unmarried, and living in Yogyakarta. All obtained data were analyzed by using a Spearman correlation analysis technique and a regression analysis technique. The results of this study showed that some of the most influential types of character strength on happiness were leadership (r = 0.354, p = 0.000), appreciation of beauty and excellence (r = 0.337, p = 0.001), gratitude (r = 0.311, p = 0.002), forgiveness (r = 0.305, p = 0.002), and open-mindedness (r = 0.301, p = 0.002). In addition, types of character strength significantly influencing happiness are closely related to collectivistic culture.

The Role of Gratitude in a Positive Psychology Group Intervention Program Implemented for Undergraduate Engineering Students.

Over the past decades, research on positive psychology for building strengths has proliferated. The present study aimed to explore the effect of gratitude in a 5-week positive psychology group program for undergraduate engineering students which included an intermediary 2-week gratitude intervention. In a mixed-design, 69 students from three engineering departments of the School of Pedagogical and Technological Education (ASPETE), assigned to the intervention (N = 34) and the control group (N = 35), with an average age of 21.52 years (SD = 4.63), were administered the Gratitude Questionnaire-six item form (GQ-6), the Modified Differential Emotions Scale (mDES), the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), the Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS), and the Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R). The condition experimental vs. control group was designated as the between-subjects factor, and time, that is, baseline vs. post intervention, was set as the within-subjects factor. Students who received the intervention reported significantly higher levels of gratitude. The increase in gratitude was due to the positive psychology group program. In addition, gratitude showed a significant effect on happiness and optimism, but failed to attain a significant impact on positive and negative emotions and resilience. Further research is needed to elucidate the effectiveness of positive psychology programs for undergraduate engineering students and the intervening cognitive processes.

The Effect of Providing Self-Love Education to Increase Happiness in Grade I Students of SMKS Al-Fajar

<em>Self love is a person's way of loving themselves and treating themselves well. Individuals who have self-love will increase happiness within themselves. Providing education regarding the importance of self-love is also very important, especially during the transition period between the adolescent development period and the early adulthood period. The aim of this research is to find out the effect of providing self-love education in increasing happiness in class I students at SMKS Al-Fajar. This research uses quantitative methods. The research population was 50 people who were class I students at SMKS Al-Fajar Sei Mencirim and the sample in this study was 25 people. The sampling technique used in this research was purposive sampling. The measuring instrument used is a questionnaire, namely the happiness scale questionnaire. Hypothesis testing in this research was carried out using t-test analysis. Based on the results of data analysis, it shows that using lecture, discussion and question and answer methods using video learning and Microsoft Power Point with Self Love and Happiness material obtained an average pre-test score of 124,840 and post-test of 144,280. Based on the results of hypothesis testing, the post-test t result was 6.583 and the significance value was 0.294. The significance value states that it is greater than 0.05, so it can be said that there is no significant difference. In this research, self-love has a relationship with the happiness of grade 1 students at SMKS Al-Fajar.</em>

Fake Happy = Happy? Residual Effect of Feigning and Positive Response Bias

Residual effect of feigning pertains to the findings that individuals, first instructed to feign symptoms, later endorse those symptoms despite being told to respond honestly. We explored whether the same effect would occur if participants were instructed to fabricate positive experiences, such as happiness, by employing a simulation design that included two groups and two testing sessions. The control group received instructions to respond honestly, and the “fake happy” had a task to identify with an exceptionally happy person depicted in a vignette. During Session 1, all participants received the Subjective Happiness Scale, the Satisfaction with Life Scale, and the Supernormality Scale-Revised. In Session 2, after eight days, all participants responded honestly to the Scale of Positive and Negative Experiences and the Flourishing Scale. Overall, fake happy participants, when compared to the control group, exhibited higher levels of supernormality (i.e., positive response bias) and well-being in Session 1. Hence, the instructions had an immediate effect on one’s self-presentation. Yet, the two groups did not differ in Session 2, indicating that the residual effect of feigning was not depicted, or was not strong enough to persist the 8-day period between the sessions. Looking within both groups, all participants significantly lowered their well-being scores overtime. Limitations and implications of this work are discussed.

Attention Circuits Mediate the Connection between Emotional Experience and Expression within the Emotional Circuit.

: Most affective neuroscience studies use pictures from the International Affective Picture System or standard facial expressions to elicit emotional experiences. The attention system, including the prefrontal cortex, can mediate emotional regulation in response to stimulation with emotional faces. We hypothesized that emotional experience is associated with brain activity within the neocortex. In addition, modification within the neocortex may be associated with brain activity within the attention system. : Thirty-one healthy adult participants were recruited to be assessed for emotional expression using clinical scales of happiness, sadness, anxiety, and anger as and for emotional experience using brain activity in response to pictures of facial emotional expressions. The attention system was assessed using brain activity in response to the go-no-go task. : We found that emotional experience was associated with brain activity within the frontotemporal cortices, while emotional expression was associated with brain activity within the temporal and insular cortices. In addition, the association of brain activity between emotional experiences and expressions of sadness and anxiety was affected by brain activity within the anterior cingulate gyrus in response to the go-no-go task. : Emotional expression may be associated with brain activity within the temporal cortex, whereas emotional experience may be associated with brain activity within the frontotemporal cortices. In addition, the attention system may interfere with the connection between emotional expression and experience.

Job Crafting: Work Engagement and Teacher Happiness

Happy teachers tend to perform better, be more capable of creating innovations, and produce new ideas in work so they help the organization reach its goals. This study aims to examine the role of job crafting towards happiness, mediated by work engagement in teachers as employees at their respective organizations. Participants of this study are 885 teachers who have worked in “X” Educational Foundation for at least one year. The instruments used are a job crafting scale that consists of 15 items, a calling scale with 12 items, a 9-item work engagement scale, and a happiness scale consisting of 8 items. All items in this instrument have been deemed valid and have reliability values of 0.763, 0.912, 0.934, and 0.758. The data obtained were analyzed using Model 4 of the SPSS Hayes Process. The findings of this study showed that there is a role of job crafting towards teachers’ happiness that is mediated by calling and work engagement. It was also found that job crafting has a significant direct effect on teachers’ happiness.

A network analytic investigation of avoidance, dampening, and devaluation of positivity

Background and objectivesReward Devaluation Theory suggests that devaluation of positivity may be integral in understanding depression (Winer & Salem, 2016). Specifically, the anticipatory (e.g., fear of happiness) and responsive (e.g., dampening) behaviors related to the processing of positivity may play a role in the development and maintenance of depression. MethodsThe goal of this study was to examine the potential overlap between measures that operationalize positivity avoidance, two Fear of Happiness Scales (Gilbert et al., 2012; Joshanloo, 2013), as well as positivity dampening, measured via the dampening subscale of the Responses to Positive Affect Questionnaire (Feldman et al., 2008). Network and community analyses were employed to examine the extent to which the items of these measures clustered into their parent measures and investigate the dynamic interactions between items. ResultsThe results of the community analysis revealed that the three self-report measures overall clustered into their parent measures, except for the Gilbert et al. (2012) Fear of Happiness Scale, which clustered into two separate communities. The most influential nodes represented the concept that good feelings are often followed by negative outcomes. Additionally, nodes related to the theme of fear of letting oneself become happy emerged as the strongest bridge nodes. LimitationsOne limitation of this study is the use of a cross-sectional design; thus, causality cannot be inferred, but the results can guide future longitudinal network designs. ConclusionsThese findings demonstrate how anticipatory avoidance and responsive dampening may influence depression, thus providing evidence for unique targets for treatment.

Parental personality, mental health, and fear of happiness as predictors of perceived coparenting relationship quality among mothers and fathers of preschoolers

ABSTRACT Objective Existing theoretical models and research findings highlight individual parent characteristics as contributors to coparenting relationship quality. Yet less is known about how indices of parental personality, beliefs, and mental health symptoms relate to coparenting perceptions among parents of preschoolers. This study examines direct and indirect paths connecting parents’ Big Five personality traits, fear of happiness, and depression and anxiety symptoms with perceived coparenting quality. Method Using an online survey design, 160 parents (81 mothers; 79 fathers) of preschoolers (age 2–5 years) completed the Ten-Item Inventory of Personality, Fear of Happiness Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire-4, and Coparenting Relationship Scale – Brief Form. Results Parental Emotional Stability negatively related to anxiety and depressive symptoms and to fear of happiness. Anxiety symptoms and fear of happiness directly, and negatively, related to coparenting quality. Emotional stability was indirectly, positively related to coparenting quality via lower levels of parental anxiety and fear of happiness. Although parental depressive symptoms were unrelated to coparenting quality, parents’ Openness to Experience and fear of happiness positively predicted depressive symptoms. Conclusion Findings suggest parents’ anxiety symptoms and fear of happiness may underlie the processes by which parental Emotional Stability relates to perceived coparenting quality among parents of preschoolers.

Measuring the impact of a positive psychology course at a Thai university: Addressing student well‐being in challenging times

AbstractEven before the onset of the COVID‐19 pandemic, researchers had raised concerns about the mental health of youth worldwide. One response has been the development of positive psychology interventions (PPIs) designed to enhance well‐being. This study, conducted at a Thai university, investigated the impact of an online positive psychology course containing several PPIs on student well‐being as measured by the EPOCH Measure of Adolescent Well‐Being, the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS), and Subjective Happiness Scale. The scores of the students in the positive psychology course (n = 84) increased in all areas measured, with statistically significant increases in the Perseverance, Optimism, and Happiness subscales of the EPOCH. Meanwhile, the scores of the control group (n = 105) decreased in all but two areas, with statistically significant decreases in the SWLS and Optimism. These findings suggest that teaching PPIs online can positively impact students' well‐being.

Relationship Among Happiness, Life Satisfaction and Resilience in University Students

The present study seeks to explain the interactive and relative effectsof happiness, life satisfaction and resilience among university students inPakistan. Basic objective of this research was to find out the relationshipbetween happiness, life satisfaction and resilience, further to investigatethe level of resilience, happiness and life satisfaction among male andfemale students. Disproportionate stratified sampling technique was usedto select 400 university students (male=200, female=200) from theuniversities of Rawalpindi and Islamabad. The study was conducted intwo phases. In phase-I pilot study was conducted and in phase-II mainstudy was administered. The data for the study was collected throughstratified random sampling technique and three reliable instrument usedwere; Oxford Happiness Scale (1990), Life satisfaction scale (1985) andResilience Scale (1993). Data was analyzed using statistical techniqueslike Pearson correlation; Independent sample t-test was used. Results ofthe study indicated a significant inverse relationship between thevariables of resilience and happiness (r=-.472**) where female studentswere happier than male students (M + SD= 109.8442 + 15.45855) and asignificant inverse relationship between life satisfaction and resilience(r=-.112*) among male and female university students. The results alsoindicated that females are more satisfied with life than males (M + SD=23.3810 + 5.64858). It was also found that there were significant genderdifferences in university student’s scores on resilience scale (M + SD=79.4201 + 26.55817). Males were found to be more resilient thanfemales. The findings of the present study have implications for students’counseling, awareness and therapy. It was recommended that the trainingof the students should also be done so that they deal with life events andcircumstances effectively while maintaining their psychological health.

Fear of Happiness Scale and Fragility of Happiness Scale: Evidence of Their Psychometric Adequacy in Polish

Introduction: This is the first study in which psychometric properties regarding the Polish version of the Fear of Happiness Scale (FHS) and The Fragility of Happiness Scale (FOHS) are investigated.Aim: The aim of the study was to translate as well as assess the reliability and validity of the FHS and FOHS.Material and methods: The study participants comprised 351 adults who consented to participation. Non-random sampling was applied. The inclusion criteria were age and employment status. The respondents filled in the FHS and FOHS questionnaires and provided basic sociodemographic data.Results: Using Cronbachs , FHS and FOHS demonstrated high internal consistency, = .85 and = 0.80, respectively. Due to all items having good discriminatory power, there were no grounds for removing any of the items.Conclusions: The proposed Polish versions of the FHS and FOHS can be used to assess fear of happiness and beliefs concerning its fragility, and they are viable in studies related to various scientific disciplines. These scales can also be useful for the science of physical culture, especially within the context of examining beliefs that may affect the quality of human life and health. The cognitive aspect is very important for the success of rehabilitation. Beliefs have consequences in human actions.