Haploid Plantlets Research Articles

Free amino acids of Nicotiana alata anthers during development in vivo

The variation of free amino acids in anthers and pollen of Nicotiana alata Link et Otto has been examined during pollen development in vivo. The purpose was to find clues for optimizing an in vitro medium for cultivation of haploid plantlets from N. alata pollen. The quantitatively most important amino acids were proline, glutamic acid/glutamine, alanine and aspartic acid/asparagine. These exhibited similar patterns of variation during pollen development: first maximum (0.5 to 1.7 μmol per flower) at mitosis, then decrease during early binucleate stage (0.6 to 2.0 mmol per flower). Other amino acids were found in much smaller quantities (max 0.25 μmol per flower).

Induction of androgenesis in anthers of Hordeum vulgare L. cultured in vitro on leaves and calluses

Multicellular microspores of Hordeum vulgare cv. Dissa can be obtained from anthers cultured on leaves of Atropa belladonna or calluses of Dianthus caryophyllus. Calluses produced from the multicellular microspores, when transferred to Murashige and Skoog medium with hormones, give rise to haploid plantlets. This demonstrates that for the induction of androgenesis in Hordeum it is sufficient to culture the anthers either on a suitable medium or on viable tissues of different species.

Induction of haploid rice plantlets by ovary culture

Callus-derived haploid plantlets were obtained by in vitro culture of excised unfertilized ovaries of rice ( Oryza sativa L.) on a liquid medium. Embryological observations revealed that proembryos derived from the female gametophyte gave rise to calli.

Significance of multiple shoots on haploid plantlets of tobacco

Significance of multiple shoots on haploid plantlets of tobacco

Quantity production of anther-derived haploids from a multiple disease resistant tobacco hybrid. I. Frequency of plants with resistance or susceptibility to tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), potato virus Y (PVY), and root knot (RK)

Methods are described for producing large numbers of haploid plantlets from anthers of a flue-cured tobacco hybrid with monogenic resistance to tobacco mosaic virus, (TMV), potato virus Y (PVY) and root knot (RK), respectively. Additional details are given on colchicine treatment for converting haploids to doubled haploids (DH's) and on the frequency of spontaneous DH's among untreated plantlets. Disparate genetic ratios of TMV-resistant to TMV-susceptible plants were obtained among colchicine-treated haploid plantlets, induced DH's and untreated haploids when compared with F2 and BC1 progenies. Haploids (gametes) with the gene for TMV resistance occurred more frequently than expected and plantlets with the gene for RK resistance occurred less frequenctly than expected. Transmission of the gene for PVY resistance differed only slightly from Mendelian expectations. These unexpected ratios, in addition to the frequent occurrence of plastid chimeras among anther-derived plantlets, strengthened our conviction that haploidy is somehow associated with mutation.

Effect of activated charcoal on callus growth and shoot organogenesis in tobacco.

Incorporating activated charcoal (AC) in culture media has been shown to affect growth and development of various organisms. Since AC stimulates the development of tobacco haploid plantlets from cultured anthers, research was conducted to determine the effect of activated charcoal on pith-derived callus growth and shoot development in Nicotiana tabacum cv. Wisconsin 38. Our results indicate that the hormones required for callues growth and shoot development in Wisconsin-38 tobacco are adsorbed by AC, thereby inhibiting callus growth and prohibiting shoot development. This effect was observed even when AC was removed from the medium by filtration prior to culturing the callus.

A tissue culture technique for rapid clonal multiplication of androgenic haploids of tobacco

Abstract A simple culture technique is described in which a number of identical haploid plantlets of tobacco are derived from wound callus induced by deliberate injury of a single “primary” androgenic haploid plantlet.

Pollen-Derived Haploids ofNicotiana Knightiana, N. raimondii,andN. attenuata

Haploid plantlets were obtained in large numbers in three diploid, 24-chromosome species of Nicotiana by culture of anthers at or just past the first pollen mitosis. The three species were N. Knightiana, N. raimondii, and N. attentiata. Efficiency of haploid production varied from about 10 per cent in N. attenuata cultures to 30 and 38 per cent respectively in cultures of N. raimondii and N. Knightiana. H-medium without hormones and standard cultural conditions were used. N. Knightiana appeared to be especially suitable for haploid studies on account of its high plantlet productivity, low chromosome number, and distinctive karyotype.

Genotypic Differences in the In Vitro Formation of Embryoids from Rice Pollen

Twenty varieties of rice were assessed for the ability of their pollen to give rise to ombryoids and haploid plantlets in anther culture. There were wide differences in response between the varieties, a primitive cultivar from Assam being the most responsive. Only anthers containing uninucleate microspores showed differentiation of pollen embryoids. It appeared that during the initial stages of development the embryoids were attached to the wall of the anthors by a suspensor-like attachment. Genotypic differences, besides several other factors, have a definite role in shifting the normal course of development of the pollen.

Haploid Plantlets and Callus from Immature Pollen Grains of Nicotiana and Lycopersicon

Haploid Plantlets and Callus from Immature Pollen Grains of Nicotiana and Lycopersicon

In Vitro Induction of Haploid, Diploid, and Triploid Androgenic Embryoids and Plantlets in Datura metal L.

In Vitro Induction of Haploid, Diploid, and Triploid Androgenic Embryoids and Plantlets in Datura metal L.

Haploid plantlet regeneration through anther culture in oilseed <i>Brassica</i> species

Anther of five varieties of Brassica species, namely BARI Shariaha-7, Tori-7, Agrani, Daulat and Safal were cultured in vitro to observe their regeneration potentiality. Different concentrations and combinations of growth regulators were supplemented in MS medium. The range of callus induction was 12.50-87.50 %. Maximum callus induction (75.00%) was observed on MS +4 mg/L 2, 4-D + 1.0 mg/L BAP. Among the genotypes, BARI Sharisha-7 showed the highest percentage of callus induction (60.42%). Among the treatments, highest percentage of shoot regeneration (75.00%) was observed on MS + 4 mg/L BAP + 1.0 mg/L NAA. BARI Sharisha-7 also showed the highest rate of plant regeneration (66.67%). Root induction was highest (75%) on half strength MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L IBA and 0.5 mg/L NAA. The plantlets with sufficient roots thus obtained were transferred successfully to plastic pots and subsequently to the field. BARI Sharisha-7 and Tori-7 survived easily in the pots as well as in the field but Safal was very poor in survivability both in the pots and in the field. Key Words: Brassica; haploid; anther culture; in vitro regeneration.DOI: 10.3329/bjar.v34i4.5844Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 34(4) : 693-703, December 2009