Handwritten Forms Research Articles

Archiwum literackie Wincentego Różańskiego w świetle założeń krytyki genetycznej

The author discusses the literary output of Wincenty Rozanski presenting it as appropriate study material for genetic criticism. Genetic criticism is one of the most interesting approaches to the interpretation of texts and to the reconstruction of creative process. It is a kind of a methodology of examining tangible documents such as writer’s notes, drafts and corrections to help interpret the movement of writing that must be inferred from them and is primarily focused on the genetic analysis of the text, preparation of a genetic dossier and an investigation that is aimed at a reconstruction the stages in the origination of a text in the form of a digital research edition. Genetic critics are then primarily interested in notes and autographs in their penetrative scrutiny, introducing to the research apparatus the notion of the pre-text that is composed of different versions of the text and all notes and amendments of the author that surround the manuscript. All those variants, and not the text itself, that is called the ultimate text, constitute the key to understand the process of creation and the discovery of an alternative history of literature as opposed to the one that has been established solely on the basis of printed output of authors. The Rozanski Archive, currently held in the collection of the House of Literature at the Municipal Raczynski Library in Poznan, is composed of virtually hundreds of unpublished poems, still in hand-written form, written by the poet. In all, they constitute an excellent material for analysis and, possibly, a prospective genetic edition, a concept of which, in relation to inedits (unpublished materials), has been proposed by the French theoretician Pierre-Marc de Biasi.

Assessing Documentation of Critical Imaging Result Follow-up Recommendations in Emergency Department Discharge Instructions.

To facilitate follow-up of critical test results across transitions in patient care settings, we implemented an electronic discharge module that enabled care providers to include follow-up recommendations in the discharge instructions. We assessed the impact of this module on documentation of follow-up recommendations for critical imaging findings in Emergency Department (ED) discharge instructions. We studied 240 patients with critical imaging findings discharged from the ED before (n = 80) and after (n = 160) implementation of the module. We manually reviewed hand-written forms and electronic discharge instructions to determine if follow-up recommendations were documented. Follow-up recommendations in ED discharge instructions increased from 60.0% (48/80) to 73.8% (118/160) post-module implementation (p = 0.03), a relative increase of 23%. There was no significant change in the rate of documented critical imaging findings in the discharge instructions (77.5% [62/80] before the intervention and 76.9% [123/160] after the intervention; p = 0.91). Implementation of a discharge module was associated with increased documentation of critical imaging finding follow-up recommendations in ED discharge instructions. However, one in four patients still did not receive adequate follow-up recommendations, suggesting further opportunities for performance improvement exist.

Rapid responses to the self-name of handwritten forms

Rapid responses to the self-name of handwritten forms

A novel database for automatic processing of Persian handwritten bank checks

This paper introduces a database of Persian handwritten bank checks. The database includes legal amounts, courtesy amounts, dates, receiver names, signatures and account numbers. In addition to checks, the database also comprises handwritten forms with words used in legal amounts, digits employed in the courtesy amounts and signatures of contributors. The database can be employed for evaluation of segmentation and recognition of different fields in checks as well as for verification of signatures. Data is collected and organized in two series. The first series, comprising 500 hand filled Persian checks and 500 forms contributed by 500 different individuals, supports evaluation of segmentation and recognition tasks. The second series contributed by 100 writers supports evaluation of signature verification systems and comprises 200 genuine checks, 100 forms and 200 forged checks. To provide an insight to other researchers, experiments have been carried out on recognition of dates and courtesy amounts with recognition rates of 76% and 73%, respectively. Likewise, experiments on signature verification with skilled forgeries realized an average error rate of 12.25%. The database, named Persian Handwriting Bank Checks (PHBC) Database, is freely available to the research community upon request to the authors. It is expected that the developed database will not only allow researchers working on automatic processing of Persian checks to evaluate their proposed techniques but will also serve to meaningfully compare different recognition and verification techniques.

The Word Composite Effect Depends on Abstract Lexical Representations But Not Surface Features Like Case and Font.

Prior studies have shown that words show a composite effect: When readers perform a same-different matching task on a target-part of a word, performance is affected by the irrelevant part, whose influence is severely reduced when the two parts are misaligned. However, the locus of this word composite effect is largely unknown. To enlighten it, in two experiments, Portuguese readers performed the composite task on letter strings: in Experiment 1, in written words varying in surface features (between-participants: courier, notera, alternating-cAsE), and in Experiment 2 in pseudowords. The word composite effect, signaled by a significant interaction between alignment of the two word parts and congruence between parts was found in the three conditions of Experiment 1, being unaffected by NoVeLtY of the configuration or by handwritten form. This effect seems to have a lexical locus, given that in Experiment 2 only the main effect of congruence between parts was significant and was not modulated by alignment. Indeed, the cross-experiment analysis showed that words presented stronger congruence effects than pseudowords only in the aligned condition, because when misaligned the whole lexical item configuration was disrupted. Therefore, the word composite effect strongly depends on abstract lexical representations, as it is unaffected by surface features and is specific to lexical items.

ON RUSSIAN TRANSLATIONS OF DAGESTAN HISTORIC WORKS «DERBEND-NAMEH» AND «DARBAND-NAMA-YI JADID» (historiographic aspect)

The article presents a historiographic review of various Russian translations of two Dagestan historic works - Muhammad AvabiAktashi’s «Derbend-nameh» and Mirza-HaidarVezirov’s «Darband-nama-yijadid» made from the early 18th century to the early 21st century. The author calls attention to the translations, which are still in handwritten form and have not yet been studied by scientists. Particular attention is also paid to those Russian translations that were published in incomplete or full versions. The first Russian translation of the «Book of Derbent» was done by Peter the Great’s companion YusupIzhbulatov in 1726, however, it remained unpublished. Among unpublished translations there are two manuscripts stored in the National Manuscript Center of the Republic of Georgia and the translation done in 1886 or 1887 by the famous Mountain-Jewish scholar I.Sh. Anisimov. The collection of unpublished Russian translations done by the staff of the Dagestan Scientific Institute in the 1930s is stored in the funds of the Scientific Archives of our Institute. The places of their storage in various cities - Petersburg, Moscow, Tbilisi, Makhachkala - are pointed out in the article. Some texts were published by the authors of Russian translations - Abas-Kuli Bakikhanov, Alexandra Kozlova, Maksud Alikhanov-Avarsky, Patimat Alibekova, Magomed-Said Saidov, Amri Shikhsaidov, Alikber Alikberov, Gasan Orazaev. Of particular interest to researchers is the translation of those lists of the «Derbend-nameh», in which there is a preface of Muhammad Avabi Aktashi from Endirei, the author of the historic work «Derbend-Nameh». It should be noted that the translations of this work into Russian were done not only from the Turkic language, in which the «Derbend-nameh» was written, but also from the Arabic language, in which it was presented many times.

Pengembangan Sistem Informasi Pengusulan, Penilaian Dan Penetapan Angka Kredit Guru (SIPULPENPAKGURU)

Teacher Performance Assessment is one component in determining the ratings of Credit Master obtained through nomination DUPAK (List of Proposed Establishment of Credit). It is a collection of files that match the rules, bound and delivered to the Secretariat of the assessment team lists the ratings of teacher performance through a number of credits submitted by individual teachers or educators who have become civil servants are useful as one of the requirements at the higher promotion and/or salary or welfare of teachers as functional as well as teacher performance assessment materials or educators such. 
 The problem faced today is publishing mechanism DUPAK still manual, especially in the process of assessment by the Assessment Team PAK. Thus, in the assessment process in the official report sheet assessment is done in handwritten form in a way, made possible mistakes or errors at the time of entry into application PAK. Teacher understanding of the mechanism of determination of PAK is still low, and the limited number of personnel for data processing. These problem will eventually be detrimental to civil servants, especially teachers concerned.With the implementation of this applications especially teachers with considerable amounts expected to help because it can improve the accuracy and is able to speed up service. Through the implementation of this SIPULPEKGURU expected nomination process that was previously done manually with the innovations made in this SIPULPENPAKGURU application development, finaly can be made online so that more accurate data, teachers can also monitor the progress of his nomination.

منهج التتوي في كتابه "بياض هاشمي"

Makhdoom Muhammad Hashim Thattvi was a great scholar of the seventeenth century belonging to the Thatta city of Sindh. Thatta was the capital of Sindh at that time and was famous for its abundance of high quality Islamic institutions which produced great scholars. He wrote one hundred and sixty books in Arabic, Persian and Sindhi on all disciplines of Islamic sciences such as Quranic Exegesis, Prophetic Traditions, Islamic Jurisprudence, Arabic literature, and Islamic History etc. However, unfortunately many of his books have vanished and most of those which have survived down to us are in handwritten form. Bayaz-e-Hashmi is the most comprehensive of all his books and is probably the last one as well. It is on the subject of Fatawa. Due to it being in handwritten form, people are unaware of its existence and cannot benefit from it. Through this article we have tried to introduce this hidden scholarly work of Makhdoom Muhammad Hashim Thattvi to the academic world to provide some opportunity for publication so that it becomes available for researchers and scholars to benefit from.

A Four-Tier Annotated Urdu Handwritten Text Image Dataset for Multidisciplinary Research on Urdu Script

This article introduces a large handwritten text document image corpus dataset for Urdu script named CALAM (Cursive And Language Adaptive Methodologies). The database contains unconstrained handwritten sentences along with their structural annotations for the offline handwritten text images with their XML representation. Urdu is the fourth most frequently used language in the world, but due to its complex cursive writing script and low resources, it is still a thrust area for document image analysis. Here, a unified approach is applied in the development of an Urdu corpus by collecting printed texts, handwritten texts, and demographic information of writers on a single form. CALAM contains 1,200 handwritten text images, 3,043 lines, 46,664 words, and 101,181 ligatures. For capturing maximum variance among the words and handwritten styles, data collection is distributed among six categories and 14 subcategories. Handwritten forms were filled out by 725 different writers belonging to different geographical regions, ages, and genders with diverse educational backgrounds. A structure has been designed to annotate handwritten Urdu script images at line, word, and ligature levels with an XML standard to provide a ground truth of each image at different levels of annotation. This corpus would be very useful for linguistic research in benchmarking and providing a testbed for evaluation of handwritten text recognition techniques for Urdu script, signature verification, writer identification, digital forensics, classification of printed and handwritten text, categorization of texts as per use, and so on. The experimental results of some recently developed handwritten text line segmentation techniques experimented on the proposed dataset are also presented in the article for asserting its viability and usability.

Completion of hand-written surgical consent forms is frequently suboptimal and could be improved by using electronically generated, procedure-specific forms

IntroductionCompletion of hand-written consent forms for surgical procedures may suffer from missing or inaccurate information, poor legibility and high variability. We audited the completion of hand-written consent forms and trialled a web-based application to generate modifiable, procedure-specific consent forms. MethodsThe investigation comprised two phases at separate UK hospitals. In phase one, the completion of individual responses in hand-written consent forms for a variety of procedures were prospectively audited. Responses were categorised into three domains (patient details, procedure details and patient sign-off) that were considered “failed” if a contained element was not correct and legible. Phase two was confined to a breast surgical unit where hand-written consent forms were assessed as for phase one and interrogated for missing complications by two independent experts. An electronic consent platform was introduced and electronically-produced consent forms assessed. ResultsIn phase one, 99 hand-written consent forms were assessed and the domain failure rates were: patient details 10%; procedure details 30%; and patient sign-off 27%. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was the most common procedure (7/99) but there was significant variability in the documentation of complications: 12 in total, a median of 6 and a range of 2–9. In phase two, 44% (27/61) of hand-written forms were missing essential complications. There were no domain failures amongst 29 electronically-produced consent forms and no variability in the documentation of potential complications. ConclusionCompletion of hand-written consent forms suffers from wide variation and is frequently suboptimal. Electronically-produced, procedure-specific consent forms can improve the quality and consistency of consent documentation.

A prospective randomised study comparing the current surgical informed consent form with a modified, pre-printed consent form

Background Patient understanding is a fundamental requirement for the consent process, yet current UK Department of Health consent forms rely on handwritten explanations on admission prior to cardiac surgery. A pre-printed consent form containing pertinent information about the planned procedure and its associated benefits/risks may benefit in patient retention of information. Trial Design Randomised study using a pre-test/post-test design in which participants completed a questionnaire prior to providing consent and following surgery. Methods 100 patients scheduled for coronary artery bypass surgery were recruited and randomised by computer into two groups receiving either the current standard handwritten consent form (group 1) or a modified pre-printed consent form (group 2). Objective To assess whether a standardised, pre-printed consent form improves patient information retention and experience of the consent process. Results No significant differences in demographics or pre-consent questionnaire data were observed between groups. A greater proportion of patients could identify (62.0% vs. 30.0%, p=0.011) and understand their surgical procedure (66.0% vs. 20.0%, p=0.001) in group 2 compared to group 1. Group 2 exhibited greater understanding of the benefits (72.0% vs. 8.0%, p<0.001) and risks (82.0% vs. 10.0%, p<0.001) of the surgery and indicated greater satisfaction with the consent process post-operatively (94.29% vs. 85.22%, p<0.001) compared to group 1. Conclusion This study highlights the importance of a written explanation on the consent form, which encourages greater patient understanding and aids in shared decision making between the surgical nursing team and the patient.

Toponimia del &lt;em&gt;balad&lt;/em&gt; de Pamplona en la campaña de ‘Abd al-Raḥmān III del año 312/924

In 924 an army headed by the emir ‘Abd al-Raḥmān III crossed the border of the emerging kingdom of Pamplona and devastated its territory. Two chroniclers, ‘Arīb b. Sa‘īd and Ibn Ḥayyān, recorded in their texts the names of several of the places that were attacked. The first edition and translation of ‘Arīb’s text in the late 19th and early 20th centuries probed to be of great importance, since not only provided the basis for the appearance of some studies focused on the identification of the place-names, but it also greatly influenced the edition and translation of the Ibn Ḥayyān’s manuscript, published several decades later. Nonetheless, the comparison between ‘Arīb’s manuscript and its edition has shown important differences between the place-names that appear in both of them. The main purpose of these pages is to restore the place-names to their original handwritten form in order to make possible new hypothesis on their identification.

IJARCCE - Computer and Communication Engineering

Handwritten digit recognition is one of the important problems in computer vision these days. There is a great interest in this field because of many potential applications, most importantly where large number of documents must be dealed such as post mail sorting, bank cheque analysis, handwritten form processing etc. So a system should be designed in such a way that it is capable of reading handwritten digits and provide appropriate results. This paper presents a survey on various neural network approaches to recognize handwritten digits.

Data quality associated with handwritten laboratory test requests: classification and frequency of data-entry errors for outpatient serology tests.

Manual data-entry of handwritten laboratory test requests into electronic information systems has implications for data accuracy. This study sought to identify the types and number of errors occurring for handwritten serology test requests received from outpatient clinics. A 15-day audit at a serology laboratory in Sydney, Australia, compared the content of all transcribed serology outpatient test requests in the laboratory information system with the handwritten request form. One or more errors were detected in 67/627 (10.7%) audited requests (N=68 errors). Fifty-one of the errors (75.0%) were transcription errors: the wrong test was transcribed in 40/68 cases (58.8%)--ten of these occurred when the abbreviations 'HBsAb' and 'HBsAg' were confounded for one another--and transcribed requests were missing a test in 11/68 cases (16.2%). The remaining 17 non-transcription errors (25.0%) described request forms not signed by the ordering clinician, mislabelled specimens, and wrong tests due to computer algorithm errors. Manual data-entry of handwritten serology requests is an error-prone process. Electronic ordering has the potential to eliminate illegible handwriting and transcription errors, thus improving data accuracy in hospital information systems.

Using Lucene to index and search the digitized 1940 US Census

SUMMARYAn improved approach toward enabling search capabilities over large digitized document archives is described, in which Lucene indices were incorporated in a framework developed to provide automatic searchable access to the 1940 US Census, a collection composed of digitized handwritten forms. As an alternative to trying to recognize the handwritten text in the images, Word Spotting feature vectors are used to describe each cell's content. Instead of querying the system using regular ASCII text, any query is rendered as an image, and a ranked list of matching results is presented to the user. Among other preprocessing steps required by the framework, an index must be compiled to provide fast access to the feature vectors. The advantages and drawbacks of using Lucene to index these vectors instead of other indexing methods are discussed in light of the challenges confronted when dealing with digitized document collections of considerable size. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.

Informatics applied to pharmacovigilance: Future perspectives.

Spontaneous adverse drugs reaction (ADRs) reporting represents a precious resource for control and information about the drug's safety and pharmacovigilance. The current reporting system is mainly based on handwritten forms and later manually loaded into a national electronic database by few local pharmacovigilance centers. This reporting system is complicated for both reporters and pharmacovigilance centers which often avoid reporting ADRs for several reasons such as the lack of data on the report. The reporting system might be implemented by improving online platform for ADRs upload; this could allow inspecting all ADRs loaded. Currently, the database is only accessible by the Italian Medicine Agency (AIFA) and local pharmacovigilance centers; neither reporters nor other healthcare professionals can access the database. Finally, it would be right to implement pharmacovigilance centers with specific professional figures qualified in the pharmacovigilance to support both citizens and reporters on various aspects of ADRs reporting.

KHATT: An open Arabic offline handwritten text database

A comprehensive Arabic handwritten text database is an essential resource for Arabic handwritten text recognition research. This is especially true due to the lack of such database for Arabic handwritten text. In this paper, we report our comprehensive Arabic offline Handwritten Text database (KHATT) consisting of 1000 handwritten forms written by 1000 distinct writers from different countries. The forms were scanned at 200, 300, and 600 dpi resolutions. The database contains 2000 randomly selected paragraphs from 46 sources, 2000 minimal text paragraph covering all the shapes of Arabic characters, and optionally written paragraphs on open subjects. The 2000 random text paragraphs consist of 9327 lines. The database forms were randomly divided into 70%, 15%, and 15% sets for training, testing, and verification, respectively. This enables researchers to use the database and compare their results. A formal verification procedure is implemented to align the handwritten text with its ground truth at the form, paragraph and line levels. The verified ground truth database contains meta-data describing the written text at the page, paragraph, and line levels in text and XML formats. Tools to extract paragraphs from pages and segment paragraphs into lines are developed. In addition we are presenting our experimental results on the database using two classifiers, viz. Hidden Markov Models (HMM) and our novel syntactic classifier.The database is made freely available to researchers world-wide for research in various handwritten-related problems such as text recognition, writer identification and verification, forms analysis, pre-processing, segmentation. Several international research groups/researchers acquired the database for use in their research so far.

ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK BASED CHARACTER RECOGNITION USING BACKPROPAGAT

Optical Character Recognition, or OCR, is a technology that enables you to convert different types of documents, such as scanned paper documents, PDF files or images captured by a digital camera into editable and searchable data format. OCR is the translation of optically scanned bitmap of printed or written text character into the character codes, such as ASCII. This is an efficient way to turn hard copy material into digital data files that can be edited or manipulated. The optical character recognition refers to the branch of computer science that involves reading text from paper and translating the images into a form that the computer can manipulate. The potential of this technology is typically used for general character recognition which includes the transformation of anything humanly readable to machine manipulatable representation. OCR systems are enormous because they enable users to harness the power of computers to access printed documents. The aim of this paper is to find a means by which the database entry from handwritten forms can be automated. Firstly the paper deals with the technology scanning hard copy data. Secondly describes machine learning process for training the system for converting hard copy into soft copy

Appreciation of Chinese Calligraphy

Calligraphy means artistic writing. Writing involves written language and a written language involves a writing system. Of the world's existing writing systems, there are basically three different types: phonetic, as in English; syllabic, as in Japanese kana; and logographic. The Chinese writing system is unique and is the only one that is logographic. Logographs involve meaning. Meaning is always complicated. So logographs in writing have to be numerous. Nobody knows when Chinese writing started. In 1985 and 1986, near the city of Xi'an, China, ancient characters carved on bones were found. These bone objects have been dated to 2500 B.C. Already at that time the of the characters were quite sophisticated. How many characters are there in the Chinese writing system? The largest dictionary contains more than one hundred thousand characters. The contemporary daily-used characters number over three thousand. In English, there are printed and handwritten forms. In Chinese, because of the long history of writing, the handwritten have evolved inta at least seven general categories: 1. In 1899, at the Shang dynasty capital Yin, near the city of Anyang in Henan province, a large cache of bones and turtle shells was unearthed. The bones and shells with writings carved on them were used for divination in about the 13th century B.C. Over four thousand different characters were found. These characters have been called oracle bone form. 2. Before the Qin dynasty (221-207 B.C.), characters cast in bronze or carved on stone have been preserved. These character were called Great Seal form. 3. In the year 221 B.C., following the unification of China, the emperor Shihuangdi tried to unify the of the characters. The resulting characters were called Small Seal forms and show rounded corners as their distinctive feature.

A survey on Arabic character segmentation

Arabic character segmentation is a necessary step in Arabic Optical Character Recognition (OCR). The cursive nature of Arabic script poses challenging problems in Arabic character recognition; however, incorrectly segmented characters will cause misclassifications of characters which in turn may lead to wrong results. Therefore, off-line Arabic character segmentation is a difficult research problem and little research has been achieved in this area in the past few decades. This is due to both the cursive nature of Arabic writing in both printed and handwritten forms and the scarcity of Arabic databases and dictionaries. Most of the character recognition methods used in the recognition of Arabic characters are adopted from available methods used on handwritten Latin and Chinese characters; however, other methods are developed only for Arabic character segmentation. This survey presents the description of the Arabic script characteristics with an overview on OCR systems and a comprehensive review mainly on off-line printed Arabic character segmentation techniques.