Handshake Research Articles

Investigation of Guide's Perception and Understanding of Nonverbal behavior employed by Foreign Guesses during transactional Negotiation at Lembar Harbour

The importance of using nonverbal communication (NVC) is as a complement to spoken expressions when especially communicating with people of different background. On one hand, NVC is used to convey meaning in which verbal words can’t convey meaning, and is used to express attitudes and emotions in interpersonal relations. On the other hand, NVC is used to convey intended meaning when the addressor can’t fully understand against the addresse with different socioculture. Since NVC is very important in conversation particularly when communicating with foreigners. Therefore, this study concerns with guide’s understanding and perception on NVC in transactional negotiation. The paper used quailitative and quantitative research trying to see the common forms of NVC expressed by two sides. The sample is all guides and is taken from the field in which conversation takes place. This research used observation to see actual data of on going discourse and used camera recorder to see the common NVC employed by guides and foreign guesses and asking guide’s understanding through questionnaires and perception through interview. The result showed that most of guides about 90% understand the basic forms of NVC such as head nodding and shaking, hand shaking, finger sign and eye contact while other forms, 73% of guides doesn’t understand nonverbal sign used by guesses during conversation, and about 89 % of them said that the involvement of Nonverbal Communication is very important to bridge words and lack of vocabulary. However, because majority of them lack of knowledge on nonverbal signs leads them to ignore such things.

Shaking hands: is it Parkinson's disease?

Shaking hands: is it Parkinson's disease?

Pengaruh Mata Pelajaran Akidah Akhlak Terhadap Kebiasaan Mengucap Salam Dan Berjabat Tangan Kepada Guru Oleh Siswa Kelas 4 MI Syafa’at Pesantren Tembelang Jombang

Based on observations by researchers at MI Syafa’at Pesantren, there are still manystudents who are not used to saying greetings and shake hands with the teacherwhile at school. Based on this, the researcher wants to know how the influencebetween the theories that have been studied in the classroom is given by the teacherthrough the Akidah Akhlak subjects by applying the habit of greeting and shakinghands. Therefore the formulation of the problem in this study is how the influence ofmoral akidah subjects on the habit of greeting and shaking hands of students. Thisstudy aims to determine whether there is an effect of moral akidah lessons on thehabit of greeting and shaking hands by class 4 students MISyafa’atPesantrenTembelang Jombang. This study is a type of correlational researchendexpost facto with a quantitative approach. Correlational research is a study that isintended to determine whether there is a relationship between two or severalvariables. Expost facto said because in this study no treatment was made on the objectof research but only revealed the facts to the respondent. The researcher uses apopulation sample, all members of the population are used as a sample, namely allstudents in grade IV MI Syafa’at Pesantren25 students. The instrument in this studyused a questionnaire to retrieve data. The data analysis technique used in this studyis simple linear regression. Based on the analysis of the data and the results of theresearch and the hypothesis testing that has been done, the calculation resultsobtained obtained the value of Adjusted R Square is 0.599 which means that 59.9% ofthe habit of saying greetings and shaking hands can be influenced by moral aqlahsubjects. While the remaining 40.1% are influenced by other variables besides thestudents' moral akidah subjects. In addition, the Annova calculation obtained Fcountof 34.302>Ftable 4.26 with a significance level of 0.000 <0.05. Paired with theCoeffisients calculation, tcount = 9.819>ttable 1.710 with a significance value of 0.000<0.05. Thus it can be concluded that Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted. That is, there isa significant influence between moral akidah subjects to the habit of greeting andshaking hands of grade 4 students MI Syafa’at Pesantren.

PENANAMAN NILAI-NILAI ISLAM DALAM MEMBENTUK SOPAN SANTUN ANAK DI RAUDLATUL ATHFAL AL-AZHAR MENGANTI

Phenomenon in one school in East Java, in contrast to RA Al-Azhar menganti, one of the RA in the Menganti area which is in the shade of Islamic boarding schools namely Islamic Boarding School Darul Ihsan. Early childhood at this school have different habits with children in school, such as in every picture of Islamic boarding school kyai walking past RA Al-Azhar building, children in this school spontaneously, without seeing the command from the teacher, they know scrambling to shake hands for clerics. Starting from the phenomenon in wanting to find out about Islam Islamic values in making polite in early childhood. as well as some challenges of the teacher in carrying out the process of Islamic values in early childhood at Al-Azhar Menganti Gresik's Raudlatul Athfal (RA). The research method used by researchers is a qualitative method, using phonology, by looking for data through interviews, observation and data source collection, after which data analysis is carried out from miles and links using data triangulation. The results show how to cultivate Islamic values in shaping the courtesy of children to conceptualize playing while learning, giving stories of exemplary, watching Islamic films while learning, providing complete examples continuously, so that they can be financed according to the child's own needs. While the teacher is the guardian of the student who does not pay attention to the child considering his various activities. Keywords : education, early childhood, polite manners

Influence of Different Sieving Methods on Estimation of Sand Size Parameters

Sieving is one of the most used operational methods to determine sand size parameters which are essential to analyze coastal dynamics. However, the influence of hand versus mechanical shaking methods has not yet been studied. Herein, samples were taken from inside the hopper of a trailing suction dredger and sieved by hand with sieves of 10 and 20 cm diameters on board the dredger. Afterwards, these same samples were sieved with a mechanical shaker in the laboratory on land. The results showed differences for the main size parameters D50, standard deviation, skewness, and kurtosis. Amongst the main results, it should be noted that the highest values for D50 and kurtosis were given by the small sieves method. On the other hand, the lowest values were given by the mechanical shaker method in the laboratory. Furthermore, standard deviation and skewness did not seem to be affected by the sieving method which means that all the grainsize distribution was shifted but the shape remained unchanged. The few samples that do not follow these patterns have a higher percentage of shells. Finally and definitely, the small sieves should be rejected as a sieving method aboard.

Treatment of breast cancer with engineered novel pH-sensitive triaryl-(Z)-olefin niosomes containing hydrogel: an in vitro and in vivo study

Triaryl-(Z)-olefin (TZO) was synthesized as a Tamoxifen (TMX) analogue for breast cancer treatment to avoid developing the resistance and toxicity of TMX. TZO was synthesized using McMurry olefination reaction and has anti-cancer activity better than TMX by two folds. In this paper, in situ pH-sensitive TZO-loaded noisome hydrogel was prepared for delivering and targeting TZO to its site of activity. Equi-molar of cholesterol and span 60 was used to prepare TZO-loaded niosomes using the Hand Shaking Method. The central composite experimental design was used to prepare differently in situ pH-sensitive TZO-loaded niosomes formulae. The formulae were done by incorporated TZO-loaded niosomes into different concentrations of chitosan and Glyceryl monooleate (GCM). Increasing the chitosan and GCM concentrations resulted in significantly increasing the viscosity and significantly decreasing the release of TZO from different formulae. The formula composed of (0.61% w/v) of chitosan and (0.23% w/v) of GCM was chosen as an optimum formula to evaluate the efficacy of TZO using Ehrlich carcinoma mice model. A significant anti-tumour effect was shown in comparison with TMX. Briefly, in situ pH-sensitive TZO-loaded niosomes could be an effective treatment for breast cancer.

A low-frequency wideband vibration harvester based on piecewise linear system

This paper presents a low-frequency wideband electromagnetic vibration energy harvester for scavenging the ambient vibration. The proposed energy harvester is mainly composed of a diamagnetically stabilized levitation structure and elastic films as the stoppers. A levitated magnet moves inside the harvester when it is excited by external horizontal excitation. Elastic film is introduced to build a piecewise linear system which can increase the resonant frequency and extend the operating bandwidth for the energy harvester. A prototype was fabricated and tested by a vibration exciter and hand shaking. It was found that the operating bandwidth reaches 3 Hz at excitation amplitude of 5 mm. A maximum 152 μW output power was obtained from the harvester while it is excited under the excitation of 5 Hz frequency and 0.8g acceleration. A 12-stage Villard’s multiplier circuit was adopted to rectify and boost the output signal of the vibration harvester. Under the hand shaking excitation, the proposed energy harvester can light up a light-emitting diode by the voltage multiplier circuit, demonstrating its potential application for powering some portable and wearable smart devices.

ETHNOPRAGMATIC STUDY ON JAVANESE NONVERBAL LANGUAGE

This etnopragmatic research can be highlighted below. (A) There are three types of nonverbal language: the one that can stand on its own, the one that becomes the context of spoken verbal language, and the one whose metaphorical form represents one’s social status in the community. (B) Nonverbal language that can stand on its own is used when someone communicates without using words, but using gestures, sign language, sings, symbols, movements, eye gaze, hand shake, and noddin, etc (Polly E. Szatrowski, 2014). In such forms, nonverbal language is the basic means of communication among children who cannot speak verbal language or for two people who cannot speak each other’s verbal languages. (C) The forms of dynamic nonverbal language are: (1) movement of the head and its parts (such as lip movement, eye movement), (2) movement of the hand and its parts, (3) movement of the body and its parts (such as belly movement, movement of body parts, movement of chest, and movement of the buttocks). The forms of static nonverbal language are (1) body posture, facial features, hair color, skin tone, cheek shape, etc. (D) The functions of dynamic and static nonverbal language are: (1) to eliminate meaning obscurity in the speaker’s intent, (2) to clarify understanding of the speaker’s utterance containing implicature, (3) to bec the reference of utterances containing deixis, and (4) to clarify social status, level of ntellectual ability, and one’s social ranks. 

Hand hygiene practices in the context of Ebola virus disease: A cross-sectional survey of Lagos residents.

The Ebola virus disease outbreak that ravaged parts of West Africa has been described as the most severe acute public health emergency seen in modern times. Hand washing was promoted among other measures for infection prevention. This study assessed the awareness of Ebola virus disease and hand-washing practices among Lagos residents, southwest Nigeria. A descriptive cross-sectional study was used. A total of 1982 respondents aged 18 ⩾ years were selected using a multi stage sampling technique. An interviewer-administered, pre-tested questionnaire was used for data collection between August and November 2015. Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22, with level of significance set at 0.05. Almost all (97.3%) respondents were aware of Ebola virus disease, with over half of respondents having heard about it from television. A majority of 1890 (95.4%) respondents were aware of the importance of hand washing in disease prevention. Similarly, high proportions of respondents were aware they should wash their hands after an outing, toilet use, touching pets, before and after meals, while 1628 (82.1%) of respondents knew to wash their hands after a hand shake. However, less than half of respondents (38.8%) always washed their hands after handshakes. A majority of respondents surveyed were aware of Ebola virus disease and hand washing, but the practice of hand washing, which is key in prevention of infection, lagged behind the knowledge of the respondents.

Transferosome: A SuitableDelivery System for Percutaneous Administration

In pharmaceutical research, the percutaneous route of drug has gained a great interest. Percutaneous delivery has enhanced a noval vesicular drug carrier system called transferosome introduced in 1990, which is composed of water, surfactant and phospholipid. The elasticity of vesicular transferosome is more than the standard liposome therefore well suited for the penetration into the skin. The transferosomes can be prepared by Reverse Phase Evaporation method, Modified Hand Shaking, Lipid Film Hydration Technique and Thin Film Hydration Technique. This article is focused on various drug lists which easily accommodate in transferosome. Transferosome application areas included Delivery of Insulin, Carrier for Interferons and Interlukin, Transdermal Immunization, and Carrier for Other Proteins and Peptides, Peripheral Drug Targeting, Transdermal Immunization, Delivery of NSAID, and Delivery of steroidal hormones etc. To overcome problems of systemic toxicity associated with targeting therpy, enhance treatment resolution of targeting therapies.

A novel PHKA2 mutation in a Chinese child with glycogen storage disease type IXa: a case report and literature review

BackgroundPHKA2 gene mutations can cause liver phosphorylase kinase (PhK) deficiency, resulting in glycogen storage disease type IXa (GSD IXa). Elevated liver transaminase levels and liver enlargement are the most frequent phenotypes of GSD IXa. However, whether the phenotypes are applicable to Chinese patients remains unclear.Case reportA boy aged 2 years and 8 months with a history of episodic fatigue and weakness since he was 2 years old was referred to our endocrinology clinic. Apart from symptomatic ketotic hypoglycemic episodes (palpitation, hand shaking, sweating, etc.), no abnormalities of liver transaminase levels or liver size were found. To identify the aetiology of his clinically diagnosed hypoglycaemia, the proband and his parents were screened for PHKA2 gene mutations by next-generation sequencing. A heterozygous mutation (c.2972C > G, p.G991A) in PHKA2 was found in the proband and his mother. Twenty-one Chinese cases with GSD IXa have been reported in the literature to date, and elevated liver transaminase levels (95%) and liver enlargement (91%) are the most frequent phenotypes of GSD IXa in Chinese patients. Hypoglycaemia may be one of the early onset symptoms in infants with GSD IXa.ConclusionsThis study enriches our knowledge of the PHKA2 gene mutation spectrum and provides further information about the phenotypic characteristics of Chinese GSD IXa patients.

Design of high-efficiency electromagnetic energy harvester based on a rolling magnet

Ambient vibrations resulted from mechanical motions and body movements are ubiquitous in daily life, which contain substantial amount of energy that can be converted into electricity by electromagnetic conversion. However, most existing electromagnetic energy harvesters utilize sliding or rotating magnets cutting the coil to produce electric current. Here an energy harvester using a rolling magnet is designed and fabricated, which can significantly increase the magnetic flux rate when cutting the coil compared to that using a sliding magnet. Importantly, a friction effect is introduced to improve the energy harvesting performance for this design, the output average power has been further increased by 50%. Experimental results show that under a walking speed of 4 km/h, an average power of 0.5 mW can be produced. While in the experiments of hand shaking with a frequency of 3.1 Hz, an average power of 1.02 mW can be captured. It is observed that the electric energy harvested from one-minute hand shaking is able to operate a sensor with 1.1 V working voltage for about two minutes. The conducted experiments of energy harvesting from walking/running, hand shaking and cycling demonstrate great potential of the developed harvester in building up self-powered wearable sensing systems.

Physical Analysis of Handshaking Between Humans: Mutual Synchronisation and Social Context

One very popular form of interpersonal interaction used in various situations is the handshake (HS), which is an act that is both physical and social. This article aims to demonstrate that the paradigm of synchrony that refers to the psychology of individuals’ temporal movement coordination could also be considered in handshaking. For this purpose, the physical features of the human HS are investigated in two different social situations: greeting and consolation. The duration and frequency of the HS and the force of the grip have been measured and compared using a prototype of a wearable system equipped with several sensors. The results show that an HS can be decomposed into four phases, and after a short physical contact, a synchrony emerges between the two persons who are shaking hands. A statistical analysis conducted on 31 persons showed that, in the two different contexts, there is a significant difference in the duration of HS, but the frequency of motion and time needed to synchronize were not impacted by the context of an interaction.

Across the Continent: The Union Pacific Photographs of Andrew J. Russell by Daniel Davis

Reviewed by: Across the Continent: The Union Pacific Photographs of Andrew J. Russell by Daniel Davis Emily J. Rau Daniel Davis, Across the Continent: The Union Pacific Photographs of Andrew J. Russell. Salt Lake City: U of Utah P, 2018. 208 pp. Paper, $24.95; e-book, $20.00. At the Golden Spike Ceremony at Promontory Summit on 10 May 1869, Union Pacific photographer A. J. Russell took the iconic photograph "East and West Shaking Hands at Laying Last Rail" of Grenville Dodge and Samuel Skerry Montague, the chief engineers of the Union Pacific and the Central Pacific Railroads, shaking hands. However, as Daniel Davis traces in this study of Russell and his photographs, this famous image was quickly and repeatedly misattributed until the 1960s, when William Pattison uncovered the collection of Russell's wet-plate negatives at the New York Geographical Society. In Across the Continent, Davis expands on Pattison's work on Russell's photography and biography to provide a more complete recovery of Russell's entire life and career. Lacking extant diaries or much correspondence, Davis draws largely on primary sources surrounding Russell's life, material including newspaper accounts of Russell's work, diaries of his contemporaries, Russell's few published writings, and, most significantly, Russell's photographs. [End Page 333] Davis recounts: "I realized that my research about Russell would only get me so far. I needed to see the places that Russell saw and stand in the places where he stood" (5). To that end, Davis traveled along the original transcontinental railroad route, attempting to recreate as many of Russell's photographs as possible in order to gain as true a sense as he could of what Russell may have experienced, felt, and seen. He communicates his emerging awareness of Russell as a man and an artist not only through his narrative of Russell's life and the historical events he witnessed and photographed, but also through a wide selection of Russell's photographs. Across the Continent includes as well a complete catalog of Russell's Union Pacific, Civil War, and other collected photographs, the first single catalog of all of Russell's known work. Across the Continent's eight chapters trace Russell's life and career chronologically, from his painting moving panoramas, through his time as a Union Army photographer, and culminating in his railroad photography as the official photographer of the Union Pacific Railroad. The book also includes a description of the fate of those photographs. Russell enjoyed working in a collaborative environment, and Davis reflects this preference by interspersing Russell's story with brief biographies of his contemporaries and collaborators, such as photographers Alfred A. Hart and C. R. Savage, Union Army General Herman Haupt, Union Pacific clerk Oliver C. Smith, and surveyors F. V. Hayden and Clarence King. Russell was "part of a group of photographers who visually introduced the West to the East in the 1860s and 1870s," photographing the space of the American West in a fleeting moment when the national interest was turned westward (10). In his photographs, Russell portrayed the towns and settlements along the rails, the scenery a traveler would see through the window of the railcar, and the features of the railroad itself as beautiful. Davis positions both himself and Russell as "vicarious traveler [s]" in the West rather than its conquerors, describing and documenting the space and all of its occupants, including Native Americans, Mormons, Chinese laborers, Civil War veterans, and women (93). Davis's work calls for more intense study of the various laborers who built the transcontinental [End Page 334] railroads. Most studies of the trans-Continental railroads focus on railroad executives and corporate and political players. Although many of the people in Russell's photographs remain anonymous, Davis uses Russell's photographs as illustrations to describe how the photographer focused more on the human aspects of the transcontinental railroad than the construction itself, featuring laborers and residents of railroad towns: "His West is fundamentally a landscape that he understood through human needs. In the end, people built the railroad, and those people are all over his photographs, even if many of them remain anonymous" (10). Davis's text is addressed to...

The Friend

PHOTO: XANDRO VANDEWALLE/UNSPLASH editor’s pick Sigrid Nunez The Friend Riverhead Books D o the books we need find us? A few months ago, I purchased a used copy of Sigrid Nunez’s seventh novel, The Friend. The inside jacket promised “a moving story of love, friendship , grief, healing, and the magical bond between a woman and her dog.” Having just lost our beloved dog, Wrigley, and deep in grief, I was both drawn to this dog-centric novel with its beautiful cover and a little afraid to read it. The premise appears straightforward : a woman who lives in a five-hundred-square-foot pet-unfriendly apartment has lost her friend and literary mentor, and now someone must take his dog. Naturally, the dog is a Great Dane; the woman, a self-described “cat person.” While this sounds like the perfect plot for the farce that will be next week’s sentimental television movie, the novel, fortunately, isn’t that at all. Instead, The Friend is the experience of dwelling in near solitude with the woman and the dog in their shared grief while the woman addresses her thoughts to her deceased friend. Because Nunez chose a narrator who is a writer and professor, those thoughts naturally intersect with teaching, writing as vocation, and literature as she’s working through her grief and considering the relationship between human and canine. For example, her thoughts in one place bring together Martin Amis, Edna O’Brien, Svetlana Alexievich, and Doris Lessing and, in another, move from Flannery O’Connor to Simone Weil and ask, “Who were these people?” Nunez’s intelligent narrator roams effortlessly and unpretentiously from Abraham Lincoln to Lady Gaga to an observation tying together Wittgenstein, Kafka, and George Bailey. Making excellent use of short sentences and short paragraphs throughout, the novel sometimes reads like journal entries—notes from a trip to a bookstore, a visit to the eye doctor, an academic joke that’s making the rounds. At other points, the narrative slows as we watch human and canine coming to understand one another (with a little help from Rilke and Knausgaard) in moments those who have thoughtfully lived with dogs understand but Nunez’s narrator eventually expresses so well by applying Rilke’s definition of love: “What are we, Apollo and I, if not two solitudes that protect and border and greet each other?” Though previously owned, the book was in perfect condition. Its prior reader, however, did leave one mark of having been there, a yellow sticky note at page 181: “I had absolutely no idea that the narrative was going to take this twist until I got here. It felt like a risk worth taking.” Apparently so. The Friend won the National Book Award for fiction last year. Michelle Johnson Managing & Culture Editor “I like to cross a debt off my list once I’ve settled it,” she said. Her drawing of the line across the paper lasted an eternity. “You mean the sweater?” I asked. She didn’t answer. She returned the notebook to her backpack and finally stood up. “It’s time for me to go home.” “Yes,” I replied absently. She paused for a moment at the door. “That young man was important to me.” No more would she call me “neighbor.” We’d returned to being strangers. We didn’t shake hands at the door; she didn’t even acknowledge me. While she was walking away, I saw—or it seemed to me I saw—that the young woman’s muddy boots had been replaced with gold sandals. At the very edge of the property, near the road, before she was lost to the landscape, her silhouette no longer had a backpack thrown over its shoulders. On an unfamiliar back hung a bow and arrow. I recalled the naked man’s body, his lips—gently parted. I wanted them to breathe in the air once more. I shivered , I’d like to say because of the cold. But my reality had completely changed. I could no longer lie so calmly. Translation from the Croatian By Jennifer Zoble WORLDLIT.ORG 47 ...

Having Once Served

Having Once Served J. Malcolm Garcia (bio) He was a reservist in the 82nd Airborne Division, a significant rung below enlisted man, and he got the shit jobs. His CO dumped visiting low-level suits from the Afghan government on him to show around the air base in Kandahar. He’d mutter Fucking hajis under his breath, trying to impress any grunt within hearing distance, or he’d shout Airborne! to show he was tight with his brother soldiers. The Afghan suits looked at him in surprise, but no one else paid any goddamn fucking attention. I gotta carry these guys, he’d complain when he escorted journalists from one interview with the brass to the next. Again no one gave a rat’s ass, though sometimes he did get a sucks-to-be-fucking-you shrug. He showed new reservists where’d they’d bunk. You ever been shot at? he’d ask them. Do you know what it means to be situationally aware? Don’t fall behind or stop moving, even if you drop your equipment. You’re going to be cold, wet, miserable. You’re going to get enemy fire. Can you handle that? They looked at him wide-eyed, kids who had joined the reserves to pay off college. After a while, he knew, they’d stop listening. They’d get bored and restless and say Fucking hajis just like him, and not because they hated Afghans but because they hated the time, the pointlessness of doing drills only to escort food convoys to some shithole village they’d never see again. Why that village? Why not another? He never knew and neither would the new guys who, after a while, were no longer new. He rarely went out on a mission. The few times he did, his M4 looped around his shoulder, he’d carry a wag bag to woof in because he got airsick. Despite his queasy stomach, he always found a formation of Chinooks waiting to lift off inspiring. He’d jog aboard, strap in, and feel himself rising off the ground and into the air surrounded by four-engine turboprop aircraft and all their loud power. Before they deplaned, he shook hands with the other grunts because no one knew whether they would live or die after they landed. They’d run down a ramp, hunched over, and dive on the ground. Peering through the sights of his M4, lying flat on his stomach, legs spread behind him, the [End Page 316] reservist never saw anything but desert and scrub. With no incoming fire, he’d get up and trudge at least five meters behind the man in front of him, just as the man did behind him, a precaution to prevent insurgents from taking them out as a group. But if the bad guys were out there, they weren’t shooting. He walked through grain fields and pockets of sheep grazing in the heat on grass sprouting between rocks, and he’d suck water from his CamelBak and watch boys herding the sheep and old men sitting outside square mud huts, and he felt nothing but tedium and perhaps, he thought, the Afghans felt nothing but tedium, too, because nothing happened. After a long day he’d return to base and hang out with the pilots who had flown the choppers that day. He got to know them but not well. He just hung with them. He didn’t say much. He sought nothing more than to exist on the periphery of their lives and be mistaken for a pilot instead of a reservist. They didn’t give a shit about a wannabe sitting at their table. So, it really fucked his mind when two pilots died on a medical mission. They flew a UH-72A Lakota out of Kandahar on a Sunday night to deliver supplies to a village near Mazar-e Sharif in the north where some children had eye and head injuries from a mine blast. The bird crashed from mechanical failure about an hour after liftoff. The reservist had just finished chow. As he left to do laundry, the pilots received orders about the mission. Maybe...

Novel Algorithm for Hand Gesture Recognition Utilizing a Wrist-Worn Inertial Sensor

In this paper, we propose a dynamic time warping (DTW)-based template matching method with a novel template generation algorithm for hand gesture recognition utilizing a wrist-worn inertial sensor. Hand orientation measurements are utilized to reconstruct gesture trajectories. The DTW technique with the Riemannian distance is employed to perform similarity measurements between gesture orientation trajectories. The proposed gesture recognition algorithm comprises three stages: a data preprocessing stage, a training stage, and a recognition stage. First, a moving intrinsic average filter is introduced to suppress the effects of measurement noise and unconscious hand shaking. Next, a double-threshold segmentation scheme is applied to extract individual gesture segments. In the training stage, to cope with temporal and spatial variations in gestures, an adaptive DTW barycenter averaging algorithm combined with an intrinsic averaging method is developed to generate gesture templates. A suitable rejection threshold is determined according to intra-class DTW distances. In the recognition stage, the rejection percentage between the input gesture and each gesture template is calculated. Finally, the nearest neighbor decision rule is applied to determine the recognition result. Experiments performed on a database of 3600 gesture samples illustrate that the proposed DTW-based gesture template generation and classification algorithm outperforms existing methods.

A full-packaged rolling triboelectric-electromagnetic hybrid nanogenerator for energy harvesting and building up self-powered wireless systems

The newly invented triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) shows a significant potential to be a powerful technology for converting mechanical energy into electricity as a complementary usage for solving our future energy demanded for micro- and macro- grid. However, packaging and robustness are critical factors for TENG toward practical applications since the performance of TENG is affected by environmental conditions such as humidity. Here, a full-packaged waterwheel-like rolling triboelectric–electromagnetic hybrid nanogenerator (TEHNG) for harvesting mechanical energy in harsh environment has designed. The integrated silicone rubber-magnet rods and electrodes laminated by a layer of nylon film, which worked as the triboelectric material, are used to fabricate a rolling friction free-standing triboelectric layer mode triboelectric nanogenerator (RFS-TENG) and combining with copper coils subtly, electromagnetic generator (EMG) is achieved. The rolling friction causes almost no damage to the triboelectric layers and there is no obvious normalized current decay found after 3-days continuous working at 0.5 Hz. Thus, this novel design makes the TEHNG easier to be packaged, and prevent from water interference revealing a superior robustness. It is also found that the developed TEHNG broadens the working frequency range as TENG can work more effectively for converting the mechanical energy at lower-frequencies less than 5 Hz energy scavenging while EMG can work much better at higher-frequencies above 5 Hz. Moreover, combining with hand shaking and water wheel, the device can be demonstrated to collect the energy of handy and water-flow flexibly. Furthermore, using current output signals of the EMG, a self-powered wireless frequency and revolution sensor systems are also demonstrated. This work presents a new platform of hybrid generator for harvesting mechanical energy in harsh environments with several desirable features such as the broadened frequency bands, better portability and for building up self-powered wireless sensor systems.

A non-resonant rotational triboelectric energy harvester with high output performance

Energy harvesting technology has received significant attention around the globe over decades. However, it meets with difficulties of achieving high output performance under non-resonant frequency. In this paper, a non-resonant rotational triboelectric energy harvester with high output performance, which relied on the coupling of triboelectrification and electrostatic induction, was presented. The harvester introduced a cylindrical stator and disk-shaped rotor, which are made of NdFeB. Without complicated movement mechanism, the stator and rotor, of a higher pair have theoretical line contact by magnetic attractive force. Under a hand shake frequency of about 8Hz, the peak-peak value can reach to 140V. The maximum power of 0.31mW was obtained at a resistance of about 107Ω. In addition, the voltage can reach up to 154V when running at a speed of 8 km/h on the treadmill. The harvester can be potentially used as a power supply to intelligent wearable devices.

Harvesting energy from a handshake

Harvesting energy from a handshake