Handshake Method Research Articles

Fever glove hand-shake method safe blood collection from children's fingertips in COVID-19 fever clinic

Fever glove hand-shake method safe blood collection from children's fingertips in COVID-19 fever clinic

Towards the Design of Efficient and Secure Architecture for Software-Defined Vehicular Networks.

Recently, by the rapid development of Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) and the advancement of Software Defined Networking (SDN) as an emerging technology, the Software-Defined Vehicular Network (SDVN) has a tremendous attraction in the academia and research community. SDN’s unique properties and features, such as its flexibility, programmability, and centralized control, make the network scalable and straightforward. In VANETs, traffic management and secure communication of vehicle information using the public network are the main research dimensions in the current era for the researchers to be considered while designing an efficient and secure VANETs architecture. This paper highlights the possible identified threat vectors and efficiently resolves the network vulnerabilities to design a novel and secure hierarchic architecture for SDVN. To solve the above problem, we proposed a Public Key Infrastructure-based digital signature model for efficient and secure communication from Vehicle to Vehicle. We also used the public key authority infrastructure for Vehicle to Infrastructure and the three-way handshake method for secure session creation and secure data communication in the SDN controller. The proposed security is validated through the well-known simulation tool AVISPA. Additionally, a formal security model is applied to validate the design hierarchic architecture’s fundamental security properties for SDVN in an efficient and desirable way. In a comparative analysis, we prove that our proposed scheme fulfills all the essential security properties compared to other states of the art schemes.

Sustainability of Handshake Stewardship: Extending a Hand Is Effective Years Later.

Children's Hospital Colorado created a unique method of antimicrobial stewardship, called handshake stewardship, that effectively decreased hospital anti-infective use and costs in its pilot year (2013). Handshake stewardship is distinguished by: (1) the lack of prior authorization; (2) a review of all prescribed anti-infectives; (3) a shared review by the physician and the pharmacist; and (4) a daily, rounding-based, in-person approach to supporting providers. We sought to reevaluate the outcomes of the program after 5 years of experience, totaling 8 years of data. We retrospectively measured anti-infective (antibiotic, antiviral, antifungal) use hospital-wide by unit and by drug for an 8-year period spanning October 2010 to October 2018. Aggregated monthly use was measured in days of therapy per thousand patient days (DOT/1000 PD). The percentage of children admitted ever receiving an anti-infective was also measured, as well as severity-adjusted mortality, readmissions, and lengths of stay. Hospital-wide mean anti-infective use significantly decreased, from 891 (95% confidence interval [CI] 859-923) in the pre-implementation phase to 655 (95% CI 637-694) DOT/1000 PD in post-implementation Year 5; in a segmented regression time series analysis, this was a rate of -2.6 DOT/1000 PD (95% CI -4.8 to -0.4). This is largely attributable to decreased antibacterial use, from 704 (95% CI 686-722) to 544 (95% CI 525 -562) DOT/1000 PD. The percentage of children ever receiving an anti-infective during admission likewise declined, from 65% to 52% (95% CI 49-54). There were no detrimental effects on severity adjusted mortality, readmissions, or lengths of stay. The handshake method is an effective and sustainable approach to stewardship.

A Comparison of the Laryngeal Handshake Method Versus the Traditional Index Finger Palpation Method in Identifying the Cricothyroid Membrane, When Performed by Combat Medic Trainees.

The laryngeal handshake method (LHM) may be a reliable standardized method to quickly and accurately identify the cricothyroid membrane (CTM) when performing an emergency surgical airway (ESA). However, there is currently minimal available literature evaluating the method. Furthermore, no previous CTM localization studies have focused on success rates of military prehospital providers. This study was conducted with the goal of answering the question: Which method is superior, the LHM or the traditional method (TM), for identifying anatomical landmarks in a timely manner when performed by US Army combat medic trainees? This prospective randomized crossover study was conducted at Ft Sam Houston, TX, in September 2018. Two Army medic trainees with similar body habitus volunteered as subjects, and the upper and lower borders and midline of their CTMs were identified by ultrasound (US). The participants were also recruited from the medic trainee population. After receiving initial training on the LHM and refresher training on the TM, participants were asked to localize the CTMs of each subject with one method per subject. Success was defined as a marking within the borders and 5mm of midline within 2 minutes. Thirty-two combat medic trainees participated; 78% (n = 25) successfully localized the CTM using the TM versus 41% (n = 13) using the LHM (p = .002). Findings of this study support that at present the TM is a superior method for successful localization of the CTM when performed by Army combat medic trainees.

Utility of the laryngeal handshake method for identifying the cricothyroid membrane.

The cricothyroid membrane is the most commonly accessed location for invasive surgical airway. Although the laryngeal handshake method is recommended for identifying the cricothyroid membrane, there is no clinical data regarding the utility of the laryngeal handshake method in cricothyroid membrane identification. The objective of this study was to compare the accuracy of cricothyroid membrane identification between the laryngeal handshake method and simple palpation. After anaesthesia induction, the otorhinolaryngology resident and anaesthesia resident identified and marked the needle insertion point for cricothyroidotomy using simple palpation and the laryngeal handshake method, respectively. The cricothyroid membrane was confirmed with ultrasonography. Identification was determined successful if the marked point was placed within the longitudinal area of the cricothyroid membrane and within 5mm from midline transversely. The accuracy of cricothyroid membrane identification using the laryngeal handshake method and simple palpation was compared. A total of 123 patients were enrolled. The cricothyroid membrane was correctly identified in 87 (70.7%, 95% confidence interval 61.8-78.6%) patients using the laryngeal handshake method compared to 78 (63.4%, 95% confidence interval 54.3-71.9%) patients using simple palpation (P=.188). The time required to identify the cricothyroid membrane was longer when using the laryngeal handshake method (15 [3-48] seconds vs 10.9 [3-55] seconds, P=.003). The success rate of identifying the cricothyroid membrane was similar among the anesthesiologists who performed the laryngeal handshake method and also among otorhinolaryngologists who used simple palpation.

Validating the ‘laryngeal handshake’: a prospective observational study

Palpation of the airway structures results in misidentification of the cricothyroid membrane (CTM) in a high proportion of patients.1 The ‘laryngeal handshake’ is advocated by the Difficult Airway Society (DAS) as the method of identifying the CTM in the event of cricothyroidotomy.2,3 This is not yet validated in the literature. We sought to investigate the accuracy of this technique in a female population. We recruited 45 female patients attending for routine gynaecological surgery. Five clinicians at different levels of training performed nine individual patient assessments each. In a simulated ‘cannot intubate and cannot oxygenate’ scenario, the CTM was identified using the laryngeal handshake technique (Group L) with the patient in the head extended position under general anaesthesia. We measured and analysed the distance to actual CTM using ultrasound, the time to identification, and perceived difficulty using a visual analogue scale (VAS). We compared these data to conventional palpation technique by the same physicians in a group of 45 controls (Group P). Successful identification of the CTM occurred in 28/45 patients in Group L vs 15/45 in Group P (P<0.01). Distance to the CTM (P<0.01) and VAS (P<0.01) were significantly reduced in Group L. Mean time to CTM identification was longer in Group L at 31 (SD 5.6) sec, compared to Group P which took 18 (SD 5.5) sec (P<0.01). 39/45 of Group L assessments were deemed to be within the midline vs. 28/45 in Group P (P<0.01). The laryngeal handshake method of palpation is an easily learned technique that provides a more robust tactile appreciation of the underlying cartilaginous structures vs conventional palpation. A high degree of reliability in accurately determining the midline using this method allows greater confidence in utilising the vertical incision currently recommended by DAS if no membrane can be identified. 1.Campbell M, Shanahan H, Ash S, Royds J, Husarova V, McCaul C. BMC Anesthesiol 2014; 2214: 1082.Levitan RM. Cricothyrotomy|Airway Cam—airway management education and training. Available from http://www.airwaycam.com/cricothyrotomy (accessed 30 October 2017)3.Frerk C, Mitchell VS, McNarry AF, et al. Br J Anaesth 2015; 115: 827–48

A Study on the Cryptographic Algorithm for NFC

Objectives:Currently, NFC leads the mobile payment market. In such a situation, leakage and change of payment information and leakage of personal information by cracking can cause serious social problem. Accordingly, the coding technique used for security of NFC should be safer than now. Methods/Statistical Analysis:Though AES currently used in security of NSF is a safe coding technique, it is not equipped with certifying function. Thus, this paper, by combining AES with Modification Detection Code and Message Authentication Code, suggests an encryption algorithm with authentication function. Findings:To strengthen authentication function and integrity function, the new symmetric encryption algorithm was designed not to predictable relation and input-output relations of hash function. By simultaneously using Message Authentication Code and Modification Detection Code where blocked hand-shake method is applied, it is encryption algorithm suitable to the NFC environment.The encryption algorithm suggested in the paper generates hash values corresponding to Modification Detection Code and Message Authentication Code, along with the RD-I and RD-II part and the encryption part. Such hash values perform authentication functions using only output of the suggested algorithm without securing a separate authentication channel. Improvements/Applications:The suggested encryption algorithm combines existing Message Authentication Code and Modification Detection Code to use them for authentication. Consequently, it will guarantee authentication and encryption functions by securing a safer NFC communication channel.

Receiver-Triggered Handshake Protocol for DTN in Disaster Area

When a disaster hits a wide area, communication services for public use will be rendered unavailable. This will make it difficult to confirm the safety of people in the disaster area. A solution to this problem is to form delay/disruption tolerant networks (DTN) using mobile terminals of victims, those of rescuers, who serve as information carriers, and terminals (servers) in shelters. In this paper, we propose using a receiver-triggered handshake protocol for communication between these terminals. We have developed the bundle layer protocol for this handshake method. The proposed method has been implemented on a network simulator to build an evaluation environment. The disaster area has been modeled on an area around Shinjuku Station in Tokyo. Victims are randomly distributed in the area. We have compared the proposed method with Epidemic Routing and Spray and Wait in terms of the delivery rate at which messages reach their destinations, and the length of time taken for messages to reach their destinations. We have found that the delivery rate of the three methods are, more or less, the same, but that the proposed method is superior to the other two methods in terms of storage usage and battery consumption of terminals, and the number of bundles generated in the network.

The TCP Split Handshake: Practical Effects on Modern Network Equipment

Many network engineers might presume that the TCP three way handshake is the one, inviolate method of establishing TCP connections. A smaller percentage of engineers are also familiar with the little-used "simultaneous-open" connection method of establishing TCP connections. Researchers have discovered a third means to initiate TCP sessions, dubbed the "split handshake" method, which blends features of both the three way handshake and the simultaneous-open connection. Popular TCP/IP networking stacks respect this novel handshaking method, including Microsoft, Apple, and Linux stacks, with no modification. However, the effects of the split handshake method of session establishment on session aware devices, such as NAT gateways, intrusion detection devices, firewalls, and port scanners are largely unknown. We have provided an initial set of data points which shows that these devices can exhibit a high degree of unreliability and unexpected behavior when a split handshake session is executed by a standard client and a specially-modified server.

Molecular Dynamics Analyses of Crack Growth Behaviors in Single Crystalline Fe by the Use of Hybrid Potential Method

In Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations, interatomic potentials have significant effects on the results and calculation time, i.e. analysis sizes. In this paper, first, the crack growth behaviors in α-Fe calculated by three representative interatomic potentials, the Embedded Atom Method (EAM) potential fitted by Simonelli, G. et al., Finnis-Sinclair (FS) potential and Second Nearest-neighbor Modified EAM (MEAM) potential, are compared, and the reliability of the results obtained by the MEAM potential is confirmed based on the reproducibility of the important physical properties. Although the MEAM potential is reliable, we show that the computational time required by the MEAM potential is more than 50 times of the FS potential. Here, we propose “Hybrid Potential Method” which selectively uses different interatomic potentials according to the local atomic structure, and connects those potentials by the use of handshake method. We use FS potential, which is efficient in calculation, for bcc structure and the MEAM potential, which is accurate but time consuming, for non-bcc structures. The availability of the Hybrid Potential Method is demonstrated, and then the method is applied to crack growth simulations using large calculation models. We report the phase transformations and grain nucleation near the crack tip during crack growth.