Hands Of Family Members Research Articles

Family firms and the mixed gamble perspective in cross-border acquisitions: A study of Indian firms

Family firms tend to have ownership concentrated in the hands of family members, which influences their internationalization decisions. We draw on the mixed gamble perspective and theorize that family firms trade off socioemotional wealth (SEW) losses in favor of potential gains while seeking equity in cross-border acquisitions (CBAs). We hypothesize that the degree of family ownership is positively related to the level of equity sought in CBAs. Furthermore, family management reinforces the preference of family owners toward SEW gains, thereby strengthening the relationship between the degree of family ownership and equity sought in CBAs. However, institutional distance increases the risk of CBA failure and negatively moderates the relationship. Our findings, based on a sample of 433 CBAs conducted by Indian family firms, contribute to the mixed gamble perspective.

Grasping My Roots

Artist Statement The American Family is a complex institution, and its idealization has held influence on my self-worth for my whole life. Being raised in the Christian faith imbued me with internal conflicts which came to light when my parents divorced. I had to reconcile traditional family structure and the truths I was raised to believe, with what I had actually experienced from adults in positions of power: mainly my father. Being a child of divorce is unsettling and the exposure I had to the judicial system silenced my voice and hindered my ability to advocate for myself. The forms of human hands are used frequently to convey mood and body language between the subjects of my prints. Our hands can soothe or comfort, but also damage and manipulate. I have experienced both at the hands of family members and continue to struggle mending relationships from past trauma. Floral components reference the traditional, delicate nature of femininity in which I was brought up to embody. Flowers that hold familial significance are rendered to convey metaphor and the evolving stories within my larger body of work. This imagery also act as a tool for me to construct, examine, and then reshape gender expectations and recognize their impact on myself as a woman. Constructing layered prints with controlled, delicate marks makes me feel secure. Deep thought can be applied to the conception and birth of a print, while a more mechanical thought takes precedence in the process of physical creation. This orderly system is my way of cataloguing my feelings in order to make something multifaceted yet engaging: something that will resonate with someone other than myself. Whether I am making a lithograph or monotype, printmaking allows me complete control over the representation of my experiences—something I was denied in the past. I am constantly subverting former influences as a way to move forward from the past and redefine myself into a new-found identity. Images "Grasping My Roots", 20"x24", Silkscreen on Lithograph with collage, 2022 "Hyacinth", 8"x12", Silkscreen on Lithograph, 2022 "Hues of the Mind", 18"x26", Silkscreen on Relief, 2022

Do family-controlled and financially healthy firms manage their reported earnings? Evidence from Indonesia

This paper examines whether family-controlled and financially healthy firms practice earnings management. The data collection focuses on non-financial firms listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the fiscal year 2017–2019. Family and financially healthy firms are key predictor variables for predicting earnings management behavior. Jones’s (1991) modified cross-sectional model measures discretionary accruals (the earnings management indicator). This study reveals a negative relationship between family entities and earnings management practices, suggesting that family-controlled firms are more likely to report a higher quality of earnings. This study also documents that family entities with financial difficulties have more incentive to practice earnings management. Additionally, the study indicates that the involvement of a family member in executive positions leads to lower financial reporting quality. Finally, this study reports a nonlinearity association between family share ownership and the magnitude of earnings management. The study’s findings may assist policymakers in considering the costs and benefits associated with various levels of ownership concentration, especially in the hands of family members.

Family Power and Corporate Investment Efficiency

ABSTRACT This study examines the relationship between family power and corporate investment efficiency in Gulf Cooperative Council (GCC) countries. Family power in firms is manifested in how much decision-making power is concentrated in the hands of family members who are active either on the board of directors, or as executives of a firm. Using a unique measure of “family power,” we contribute to a growing interest in the role of family influence in the GCC emerging markets, where firms and business practices are typically controlled by families. We find that increased family power reduces firms’ level of under- and over-investment. We assert that this relation arises because firms are able to exhibit high levels of family power through socioemotional wealth preservation in reducing both management agency costs and earnings management.

Trauma-informed Care and the Research Literature: How Can the Mental Health Nurse Take the Lead to Support Women Who Have Survived Sexual Assault?

Many women who access mental health services have been subjected to violent acts, including childhood sexual abuse and adult sexual assault, often at the hands of family members and partners. The vulnerability of these women can be further complicated when health professionals lack sensitivity to the issues involved; and the treatment received by the women is insensitive, leading to experiences of re-traumatisation. This article considers the principles of trauma-informed care and practice, as represented in the literature; and explains how mental health nurses can lead the way in multidisciplinary environments to ensure that women who have experienced violence receive the most appropriate health care, and are thereby supported to attain the best possible outcome.

Blaming it on the “Barbarians”: Alleged Uses of Nose-Cutting Among the Franks

Patricia Skinner’s compassionate reaction to the searing image of Aisha bibi, and her effort to contextualize the violence the young Afghani woman suffered at the hands of family members who amputated her nose and ears, make a compelling case as to why understanding the Middle Ages may be beneficial today. Even during the centuries of the so-called Dark Ages, stereotyped as a period in which barbarians streamed out of the dark forests of northern Europe to defeat the civilized Romans, contemporaries understood nose-cutting to be a severe punishment. 1 Knowledge of the mores of a society in which the removal of noses was sanctioned, according to Skinner’s reasoning, may thus provide insight into the unjust punishment of Afghani women. But are the alleged similarities in attitudes toward facial mutilation sufficient to justify our study of the early Middle Ages for this purpose? 2 As noted by Skinner, the historian Valentin Groebner has observed that a person without a nose was perceived as a non-person in the late Middle Ages. 3 But given the nature of medieval written sources, which exist in limited number and usually foreground elite (and clerical) priorities, can we confidently make such general observations about the values of the period? At least in the case of the early Middle Ages, it seems safe to say that we have too little evidence to reach a definitive conclusion about the gendered implications of a noseless visage. Archaeological evidence, for instance, suggests that deformity, at least the kind caused by illness, might be perceived otherwise. The sixth- and seventh-century cemetery of Edix Hill (Barrington A, Cambridgeshire) proves instructive in demonstrating the potential flaws of assumptions built upon the views of clerical historians. Rather than one response characterizing the mores of an entire epoch, we must imagine that a multiplicity of attitudes existed. In Grave 18B at Edix Hill, for example, a woman who died prematurely in her teens was laid to rest with great forethought and care. As movingly reconstructed by the historian Robin Fleming, the woman had been severely disfigured by leprosy, a disease that had eaten away much of the bone support beneath her nose and upper teeth. Her family (and perhaps also the larger community of which she was a part), nevertheless, outfitted her grave with a bed and a generous assortment of objects. 4 Not only did her ailment not preclude survivors from according her funerary rites typically reserved for elites, but she evidently retained a place of honor among them with the most

Polyvictimization in Developmental Context

Polyvictimization (i.e., exposure to multiple forms of victimization) appears highly correlated with indicators of traumatic stress in children. In this study, a national sample of children and youth were assessed for 36 different kinds of victimization using the Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire. Polyvictims were defined as the 10% of children experiencing the most different kinds of victimization in each of 4 developmental cohorts. The younger polyvictims had somewhat fewer victimizations overall, less sexual victimization, and more victimization at the hands of family members, particularly siblings. However, polyvictimization at every developmental level was strongly associated with distress symptoms. This study suggests the importance of assessing for and identifying polyvictims at all ages, including among preschoolers.

Complex trauma, complex reactions: Assessment and treatment.

Complex trauma occurs repeatedly and escalates over its duration. In families, it is exemplified by domestic violence and child abuse and in other situations by war, prisoner of war or refugee status, and human trafficking. Complex trauma also refers to situations such as acute/chronic illness that requires intensive medical intervention or a single traumatic event that is calamitous. Complex trauma generates complex reactions, in addition to those currently included in the DSM‐IV (American Psychiatric Association, 1994) diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This article examines the criteria contained in the diagnostic conceptualization of complex PTSD (CPTSD). It reviews newly available assessment tools and outlines a sequenced treatment based on accumulated clinical observation and emerging empirical substantiation. Complex trauma refers to a type of trauma that occurs repeatedly and cumulatively, usually over a period of time and within specific relationships and contexts. The term came into being over the past decade as researchers found that some forms of trauma were much more pervasive and complicated than others (Herman, 1992a, 1992b). The prototype trauma for this change in understanding was child abuse. The expanded understanding now extends to all forms of domestic violence and attachment trauma occurring in the context of family and other intimate relationships. These forms of intimate/domestic abuse often occur over extended time periods during which the victim is entrapped and conditioned in a variety of ways. In the case of child abuse, the victim is psychologically and physically immature—his or her development is often seriously compromised by repetitive abuse and inadequate response at the hands of family members or others on whom he or she relies for safety and protection. The expanded understanding also extends to other types of catastrophic, deleterious, and entrapping traumatization occurring in childhood and/or adulthood, for example, ongoing armed conflict and combat, POW status, and the displacement of populations through ethnic cleansing, refugee status, and relocation and through human trafficking and prostitution. It might also result from situations of acute and chronic illness that require ongoing and intensive (and often painful) medical intervention or may even result from a single catastrophic trauma, for example, witnessing the sudden traumatic death of another individual or experiencing a brutal gang rape.

Teasing Is Toxic When Obese Kids Are Targets

Teasing Is Toxic When Obese Kids Are Targets

The Role of Viruses in Gastrointestinal Disease in the Home

Edited transcript of an oral presentation Looking at the survival of viruses on environmental surfaces, most data have come from laboratory studies, from data obtained from outbreaks and from hygiene intervention studies, collected over several years. Consider what happens if we place an object contaminated by a virus in the environment, how quickly will that virus circulate? One recent study looked at this problem. 1 Viruses spread in childcare facilities were studied using modified cauliflower virus DNA as an environmental marker. The viral DNA, introduced through treated toy balls, spread within a few hours of handling. Although the marker treated balls were removed after 1 day, the viral DNA continued circulating in the facilities for up to 2 weeks. The markers could also be detected in the children’s homes, on the hands of family members, and on environmental surfaces within those homes, including toys – this shows the potential for the environment to spread viruses. Many studies have been carried out to determine the level of environmental contamination in the course of rotavirus infections, in childcare centres, paediatric wards and so on. 2–4 Up to 10 12 virus particles, per ml of faeces, are shed when someone has rotavirus diarrhoea, so if we consider splashing effects in toilets, changing nappies and handling young children who are not toilet trained, there is great potential for the virus to spread. In such studies rotavirus was found to be widely disseminated on refrigerator handles, door handles, toilet handles, telephone receivers, toys and in play areas, moist surfaces such as sinks, water play at tables, and so on. Work by Ward et al. 5 examined the role of the environment in the acquisition of rotavirus more critically. The authors looked at surfaces that had been contaminated with rotavirus seeded in non-fat milk and dried onto a surface. They worked with volunteers, males aged 18–45 years, and in a controlled experiment they had the volunteers drink a virus-seeded salt solution, after which increases in the level of viral shedding and antibodies were measured, and found that seven out of eight volunteers became infected. They also looked at how the virus could be transmitted by licking the surface – normally we would not lick surfaces but we do use knives and forks, cups and so on. Eight volunteers became infected from directly licking a contaminated surface. When a surface was wiped with a finger and transferred to the mouth five out of eight volunteers became infected. These adults had no clinical symptoms but became shedders of the virus. Adults do not normally show symptoms; it is only in children and the elderly that rotavirus can become a serious problem. These workers also showed that spraying rotavirus-contaminated surfaces with a disinfectant (79% ethyl alcohol and 0.1% phenylphenol) prevented infection. Volunteers touching the disinfected surfaces with their fingers and then their mouths did not acquire infection. Let us consider environmental contamination with the Norwalk-like viruses (NLVs – also known as small roundstructured viruses) and the use of the reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay for detection. As NLV cannot be grown in tissue culture RT-PCR has become an important assay for detection. RT-PCR can be used to determine whether viral nucleic acid is present in the environment. However, the assay does not indicate whether an intact, infectious virus particle is present in the sample, it only detects the nucleic acid component. Nevertheless, RT-PCR is the only way we have of looking for NLV in the environment.

African American Family Homicide

The high incidence of violence between family members has become increasingly well documented in the last decade so that it is now generally recognized that large number of individuals in the United States will experience some sort of violence at the hands of family members at some time in their lives (see, for example, Straus & Gelles, 1986; Straus, Gelles, & Steinmetz, 1980). At the most extreme end of the continuum of this violence, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) reported that 14% of the 20,045 homicide victims in the United States in 1990 were murdered by members of their own families (FBI, 1990). As is the case with all types of homicide, African Americans are victimized by lethal violence at the hands of family members at rates that are many times higher than those for other racial groups in the United States (Mercy & Salzman, 1989; Plass & Straus, 1987). This article will present descriptive analysis of this special subset of family murders, namely, those that occurred among African Americans. There are number of reasons for an examination of family homicides occurring specifically among African Americans. First, although the inordinately high rate of homicide among African Americans has been observed and documented for many decades (Hackney, 1969; Hawkins, 1986a; Lottier, 1938; Shannon, 1954; Silberman, 1978), there has been what criminologist Darnell Hawkins (1986b) calls a lack of systematic detailed analysis of the phenomena, including attention to intra-group distribution and patterning