Handoff Latency Research Articles

Advancing producer mobility management in Named Data Networking: A comprehensive analytical model

This paper introduces a transformative approach to managing producer mobility in Named Data Networking (NDN). It presents a novel analytical model known as Producer Mobility Management Model (PMMM) that significantly improves handoff latency, signalling cost, and packet delivery efficiency, overcoming limitations of traditional static anchor-based methods. This model serves as an extension of well-established theories drawn from existing literature, thus offering an advanced approach towards managing producer mobility. The model provides the dynamic mobility management solution to adapt to efficiently manage producer movements, ensuring optimal routing and efficient network performance. Comparative evaluations demonstrate marked advancements over existing solutions, establishing the model as a scalable and robust solution for NDN environments that solves high handoff latency, excessive signalling and long packet delivery issues. This work not only addresses current challenges in producer mobility but also sets a new direction for future research and practical applications in NDN architecture.

Firefly-Aquila optimized Deep Q network for handoff management in context aware video streaming-based heterogeneous wireless networks

Handoff management is the method in which the mobile node maintains its connection active when it shifts from location to other. The devastating success of mobile devices as well as wireless communications is emphasizing the requirement for the expansion of mobility-aware facilities. Moreover, the mobility of devices requires services adapting their behavior to abrupt context variations and being conscious of handoffs, which make an intermittent discontinuities and unpredictable delays. Thus, the heterogeneity of wireless network devices confuses the situation, since a dissimilar treatment of handoffs and context-awareness is essential for every solution. Hence, this paper introduced the Deep Q network-based Firefly Aquila Optimizer (DQN-FAO) for performing the handoff management. In order to establish the handoff management, the process of selecting network is very important. Here, the network is selected based on the devised FAO algorithm, which is the consolidation of Aquila Optimizer (AO) and Firefly algorithm (FA) that considers the metrics, such as Jitter, Handoff latency, and Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) as fitness function. Moreover, the handover decision is taken by the DQN, where the hyper-parameters are tuned by the devised FAO algorithm. According to the hand over decision taken, the context aware video streaming is happened by adjusting the bit rate of the videos using network bandwidth. Besides, the devised scheme attained the superior performance based on the call drop, energy consumption, handover delay, throughput, handoff latency, and PSNR of 0.5122, 7.086 J, 10.54 ms, 13.17 Mbps, 93.80 ms and 46.89 dB.

Efficient dynamic IP datacasting mobility management based on LRS in mobile IP networks

IP mobility support is based on terminal behavior, recognizing mobility and maintaining a continuous communication session. The existing mobile IP location registration sends a message to one or more routers during a handoff within a domain by using a multicast address to process messages continuously. This implementation requires persistent message processing among all routers to determine new multicast address assignments. To solve this problem, we propose a method that enables the mobile user to obtain a QoS guarantee when the mobile device moves to an overlapping area under the mobile IP. Therefore, dynamic mobility management includes location updates under the mobile IP, and transmission of packets from the expected access points. When a handoff occurs while the mobile device is connected, the mobile host dynamically adapts to the mobility characteristics of the mobile node and transmits missed packets. In addition, by first using a location router, handoff latency reduction and packet loss requirements between domains in the overlapping mobile network environment are resolved. Second, the proposed algorithm has low-control traffic in the mobile network, allowing quick handoffs. Although instantaneous throughput is reduced during handoffs, tunneling is reduced by 10-30%, even after a handoff, by retransmitting packets missed by the mobile host, while location-registration-update times are reduced by 20-80%.

Fast-Convergence Digital Signal Processing for Coherent PON Using Digital SCM

It is foreseeable that the 100 Gb/s/ <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\lambda$</tex-math></inline-formula> and beyond passive optical network (PON) will be required in future optical access networks to meet the explosive growth of data traffic. The coherent optical systems could be a promising solution for the future beyond 100G PON. Coherent PON using digital subcarrier multiplexing (DSCM) can provide flexible bandwidth allocation to a large number of access subscribers by dividing subcarriers of the DSCM signal into time slots for time-and-frequency division multiple access. When the optical network unit is allocated a new subcarrier, digital signal processing (DSP) should converge fast in the allocated time slot to ensure a low handoff latency for real-time bandwidth allocation. However, the traditional coherent DSP is hard to realize fast convergence due to blind and complex algorithms. In this paper, we design a specific training sequence (TS) structure and propose data-aided DSP to achieve fast convergence for coherent PON. The feasibility of the proposed scheme is experimentally verified in an 8 Gbaud/SC×8 SCs 400 Gb/s-net-rate coherent PON using DSCM with 16 quadrature amplitude modulation. The experimental results show that fast convergence is jointly realized by the proposed TS structure and data-aided DSP using a 416-symbol TS with a 52 ns duration. The receiver sensitivity at the 20% soft-decision forward error correction limit is approximately -27 dBm and an optical power budget of about 35.5 dB is achieved with a booster amplifier.

Awareness of user mobility in Named Data Networking for IoT traffic under the push communication mode

The current proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) mobile devices has helped to show the limitations of the IP model to support content-based applications and networking. Named Data Networking (NDN) appears to be more in line with the IoT framework and vision. However, NDN still lacks native integration of effective user mobility management to meet the requirements of various latency-sensitive applications such as real-time streaming and embraces the continued proliferation of smart phones and mobile devices.In this paper, we first propose to integrate a push communication model into NDN to better suit real time streaming applications. We propose the use of persistent interests (PI) to create a streaming like capability in NDN and significantly reduce the interests traffic within the network. Producer and consumer mobility handling for seamless and continuous data flows becomes a real challenging issue under the PI framework. We propose PIMM a radically new anchorless mobility management approach for NDN. PIMM integrates efficient mechanisms for the mobility of both producer and consumer, and sustains high mobility environments as well as requirements of latency sensitive applications.PIMM is implemented in the de facto NDN simulator (ndnSIM2.1), evaluated and benchmarked with existing NDN producer mobility management solutions. Simulations results clearly show the efficiency of PIMM and highlight its superiority in terms of handoff latency, data loss, and data delay jitter.

Energy efficiency in cognitive radio network using cooperative spectrum sensing based on hybrid spectrum handoff

Rapid spectrum usage in wireless networks may reduce energy efficiency, requiring cognitive radio networks to be more efficient than conventional ones. Due to increased data transmission demand, cognitive radio networks arose from a lack of spectrum bandwidth. Spectrum sensing and handoff decision are two cognitive radio network strategies that help avoid interference, channel access, and cohabitation between primary and secondary users. Current research focuses on handoff decision and cooperative spectrum sensing to improve sensing efficiency and system throughput while neglecting energy efficiency and handoff latency. Spectrum mobility and sensing are essential for energy-efficient cognitive radio networks. This study provides a second priority user transmission system using cooperative spectrum sensing to sense available channels. An energy detection technique optimizes the sensing process's energy usage, leading to energy efficiency. A primary user traffic pattern-based threshold approach is presented for spectrum mobility management. A threshold approach is utilized to calculate probabilistic stay-and-wait and QoS handoff values. The transmission channel is selected using a hybrid handoff strategy based on dynamic spectrum aggregation. Moreover, a cooperative spectrum sensing algorithm is described and simulated to identify the optimum channel with the greatest throughput and minimum energy consumption. The proposed approach increases energy efficiency and throughput while maintaining handoff delay and avoids miss-detection and false alarm. This technique improves energy efficiency, sensing performance, throughput, and handoff time. miss-detection.

PMSS: Producer Mobility Support Scheme Optimization with RWP Mobility Model in Named Data Networking

Abstract: The movement pattern of mobile producer plays an important role in mobility performance analysis of the wireless and mobile network. However, the producer mobility behavior is directly affecting the handoff latency and signaling overhead cost. Many researchers provide analytical investigation to analyze and solve the handoff problems and compared with the simulation result. To justify between simulation and analytical investigation, movement behavior of mobile node needs to be included in the analytical investigation to make it possible to compare with the simulation-based result. This paper incorporated Random WayPoint Mobility (RWPM) model, to determine the behavior of mobile producer, for analytical solution of producer mobility support in NDN. In this paper, we introduce mobility Interest packets to conveyed new prefix or location of mobile producer, a broadcasting strategy to facilitate the handoff process and the immobile anchor router was modified to perform a dual function that is, tagging of anchors and broadcasting of tagged mobility Interest packets. The performance analysis for mobile producer behavior and handoff latency shows that our proposed Producer Mobility Support Scheme (PMSS) reduces handoff latency compared to DNS-like and Home Agent routing approach.

Echo state neural network-assisted mobility-aware seamless handoff in mobile WSNs

Strong mobility in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) may disrupt an existing link between two communicating nodes. Because many Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols cannot adapt to the strong mobility of nodes, facing a decaying link, a node usually chooses to continue its data communication until the current link is terminated, and then searches for a new relay node to build a better connection. However, this will cause serious transmission latency. To tackle this problem, this paper proposes an echo state neural network-assisted mobility-aware seamless handoff method, which enables a node to handoff communication seamlessly to a more reliable link while maintaining communication over the current connection, and the current connection will be interrupted only after a new link is set up. To demonstrate the superiority of handoff, by taking the cattle monitoring as an example where nodes move at a constant speed, this paper designs a static-oriented Beacon-Initiated MAC (BI-MAC) protocol, develops a distance threshold as the handoff initiation signal, predicts future locations of nodes with a machine learning-based Echo State Network (ESN), formulates a mobility-aware seamless handoff module on top of the BI-MAC, and compares the data communication latency using and not using the handoff. Both the analytical and NS2 simulation results show that the time to set up a new link is much longer than the handoff latency. The one-hop latency can be reduced by at least 42% with the handoff support. This figure can further grow with the increase in duty cycle, network density, and size of multi-hop links.

COCO: Coherent Consensus Schema For Dynamic Spectrum Allocation For 5G

Numerous wireless technologies have been integrated to provide 5th generation (5G) communication networks capable of delivering mission‐critical applications and services. Despite considerable developments in a variety of supporting technologies, next‐generation cellular deployments may still face severe bandwidth constraints as a result of inefficient radio spectrum use. To this end, a variety of appropriate frameworks have recently emerged that all aid mobile network operators (MNOs) in making effective use of the abundant frequency bands that other incumbents reserve for their own use. The proposed COCO model for Dynamic Spectrum Allocation (DSA) has 2 functionalities such as 1. Coherent PU‐SU packet acceptance algorithm for Secondary User (SU) in DSA. 2. Consensus Algorithm for PU‐SU Channel Reservation in DSA. To enable a 5G service with one‐millisecond latency, interconnection ports between operators are expected to be required at every base station, which would have a significant influence on the topological structure of the core network. Additionally, just one radio network infrastructure would need to be created, which all operators would then be able to use. We allow change of PU SU characteristics to satisfy the needs of new services. These modifications are accomplished via the use of Coherent and Consensus Algorithms that regulate PU and SU through negotiation and allocation procedures. Our primary objective was to decrease interference, handoff latency, and the chance of blocking. In this paper, we describe our idea for employing COCO Model to address the issues of spectrum mobility, sharing, and handoff for Cognitive Radio Networks in 5G.

Intelligent Dynamic Real-Time Spectrum Resource Management for Industrial IoT in Edge Computing.

Intelligent dynamic spectrum resource management, which is based on vast amounts of sensing data from industrial IoT in the space–time and frequency domains, uses optimization algorithm-based decisions to minimize levels of interference, such as energy consumption, power control, idle channel allocation, time slot allocation, and spectrum handoff. However, these techniques make it difficult to allocate resources quickly and waste valuable solution information that is optimized according to the evolution of spectrum states in the space–time and frequency domains. Therefore, in this paper, we propose the implementation of intelligent dynamic real-time spectrum resource management through the application of data mining and case-based reasoning, which reduces the complexity of existing intelligent dynamic spectrum resource management and enables efficient real-time resource allocation. In this case, data mining and case-based reasoning analyze the activity patterns of incumbent users using vast amounts of sensing data from industrial IoT and enable rapid resource allocation, making use of case DB classified by case. In this study, we confirmed a number of optimization engine operations and spectrum resource management capabilities (spectrum handoff, handoff latency, energy consumption, and link maintenance) to prove the effectiveness of the proposed intelligent dynamic real-time spectrum resource management. These indicators prove that it is possible to minimize the complexity of existing intelligent dynamic spectrum resource management and maintain efficient real-time resource allocation and reliable communication; also, the above findings confirm that our method can achieve a superior performance to that of existing spectrum resource management techniques.

Secure Vertical Handover to NEMO Using Hybrid Cryptosystem

To provide security to all pairs of nodes in network mobility (NEMO) while executing the handoff between different technologies, a hybrid cryptosystem with a suitable network selection mechanism is proposed. All pairs of nodes, i.e., Mobile Node (MN), Mobile Router (MR), Correspondent Node (CN) and MN, and Home Agent (HA), respectively, are considered. A proper security mechanism is proposed to provide confidentiality to Bound Update (BU) during handoff and conversation between MN, MR, and HA using the elliptic curve cryptography (ECC). In this solution, a network selection mechanism is proposed based on user preference and Received Signal Strength (RSS) in a heterogeneous network. The proposed model can protect the communication using security analysis from all NEMO standard attacks. Whenever NEMO moves, MR intimates to HA about the address change using (BU) and MR receives Binding Acknowledgement (BA) as a reply. During data (frame) exchange and registration between MN, CN, and HA, various security threats arise. In the earlier work, only the security solution is given, and the best network selection algorithm is not provided in a heterogeneous environment. Therefore, in this paper, the best network selection is contributed based on Received Signal Strength (RSS) and user preferences. A comparison of the proposed model is drawn with Return Routability Procedure (RRP). Authentication is provided for communication between MN and CN. The proof is derived using BAN logic. Many standard security attacks have been successfully avoided on all pairs of communications. It has been observed that the proposed model achieves 2.4854% better throughput than the existing models. Also, the proposed model reduces the handoff latency and packet loss by 2.7482% and 3.8274%, respectively.

Design and implementation of a novel two-phase spectrum handoff scheme for QoS aware mobile users in cognitive radio networks

Quality of Service (QoS) aware spectrum handoff operation is critical for Secondary Users (SUs) executing real-time applications like Voice over IP (VoIP) in Cognitive Radio Networks (CRNs). The problem is aggravated by the inclusion of occasionally mobile SUs where pre-selected target channels are often rendered insignificant during handoff under dynamic conditions. Conventional proactive and reactive schemes may underperform due to channel obsolescence issues and unacceptable handoff latency respectively while a combined approach is not yet explored under the constraints of practical applicability. In view of these challenges and enormous significance of VoIP based CRN in 5G networks, this paper proposes a practically feasible two-phase spectrum handoff methodology with I_Phase and S_Phase operating under alternate conditions. I_Phase deploys a three-level dropping decision scheme followed by a two-tier spectrum handoff policy and is motivated by an integrated approach spanning every CR operation. S_Phase incorporates user mobility and application-oriented aspects where channel drop is governed by a joint two-order Hidden Markov Model — custom Damerau–Levenshtein distance metric based policy and spectrum handoff is monitored by a novel non-cooperative TOPSIS method. These phases are assisted by two proposed prerequisite techniques namely ACT (Adaptive Call Transmission) involving CR timing parameters and VER (VoIP Early Resumption) dealing with early call resumption. Comparative analysis of QoS metrics including per-instance handoff latency, transmission duration per target channel, channel drop and call drop probabilities, etc. in analytical and simulation platforms record significant performance improvement. Novelty of this work further relies on design and execution of SU prototype with the proposed scheme in test-bed that successfully provides QoS guarantees during spectrum handoff.

OPMSS: Optimal Producer Mobility Support Solution for Named Data Networking

Named data networking (NDN) is designed as a clean-slate Internet architecture to replace the current IP Internet architecture. The named data networking was proposed to offer vast advantages, especially with the advent of new content distributions in IoT, 5G and vehicular networking. However, the architecture is still facing challenges for managing content producer mobility. Despite the efforts of many researchers that curtailed the high handoff latency and signaling overhead, there are still some prominent challenges, such as non-optimal routing path, long delay for data delivery and unnecessary interest packet losses. This paper proposed a solution to minimize unnecessary interest packet losses, delay and provide data path optimization when the mobile producer relocates by using mobility update, broadcasting and best route strategies. The proposed solution is implemented, evaluated and benchmarked with an existing Kite solution. The performance analysis result revealed that our proposed Optimal Producer Mobility Support Solution (OPMSS) minimizes the number of unnecessary interest packets lost on average by 30%, and an average delay of 25% to 30%, with almost equal and acceptable signaling overhead costs. Furthermore, it provides a better data packet delivery route than the Kite solution.

Efficient mobility management in IP networks through three layered MIPv6

Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6) is considered inefficient to support mobility due to larger handover delay and signaling overhead. Therefore, Hierarchical MIPv6 (HMIPv6) is designed by introducing a Mobile Anchor Point (MAP) in the MIPv6 architecture. The MAP considerably drops the handoff delay and signaling load for mobility management in IPv6. The Three Layered MIPv6 (TLMIPv6), the focus of this paper, is influenced by the benefits of placing MAPs for efficient mobility management. In this model, three MAPs are placed in the architecture to reduce signaling cost and handoff latency. These MAPs are placed hierarchically in a tree like architecture, and the movement of nodes is coordinated by different MAP based on nodes’ movement patterns. The behavior of the proposed model is simulated under various traffic scenarios and mobility conditions and compared with MIPv6 and HMIPv6 and Flow Based Distributed Mobility Management (FBDM) protocols. The results depict that when users are less mobile or confined their movements to a small geographical area, the proposed TLMIPv6 outperforms MIPv6, HMIPv6, and FBDM in handoff latency and signaling costs. Some suitable application scenarios for adopting TLMIPv6 are also mentioned at the end of the paper. The future scopes of the work are outlined.

A novel adaptive schema to facilitates playback switching technique for video delivery in dense LTE cellular heterogeneous network environments

The services of the Video on Demand (VoD) are currently based on the developments of the technology of the digital video and the network’s high speed. The files of the video are retrieved from many viewers according to the permission, which is given by VoD services. The remote VoD servers conduct this access. A server permits the user to choose videos anywhere/anytime in order to enjoy a unified control of the video playback. In this paper, a novel adaptive method is produced in order to deliver various facilities of the VoD to all mobile nodes that are moving within several networks. This process is performed via mobility modules within the produced method since it applies a seamless playback technique for retrieving the facilities of the VoD through environments of heterogeneous networks. The main components comprise two servers, which are named as the GMF and the LMF. The performance of the simulation is tested for checking clients’ movements through different networks with different sizes and speeds, which are buffered in the storage. It is found to be proven from the results that the handoff latency has various types of rapidity. The method applies smooth connections and delivers various facilities of the VoD. Meantime, the mobile device transfers through different networks. This implies that the system transports video segments easily without encountering any notable effects.In the experimental analysis for the Slow movements mobile node handoff latency (8 Km/hour or 4 m/s) ,the mobile device’s speed reaches 4m/s, the delay time ranges from 1 to 1.2 seconds in the proposed system, while the MobiVoD system ranges from 1.1 to 1.5. In the proposed technique reaches 1.1026 seconds forming the required time of a mobile device that is switching from a single network to its adjacent one. while the handoff termination average in the MobiVoD reaches 1.3098 seconds. Medium movement mobile node handoff latency (21 Km/ hour or 8 m/s) The average handoff time for the proposed system reaches 1.1057 seconds where this implies that this technique can seamlessly provide several segments of a video segments regardless of any encountered problems. while the average handoff time for the MobiVoD reaches 1.53006623 seconds. Furthermore, Fast movement mobile node handoff latency (390 Km/ hour or 20 m/s). The average time latency of the proposed technique reaches 1.0964 seconds, while the MobiVoD System reaches to 1.668225 seconds.

RF channel management scheme for seamless multimedia service in 802.11 wireless networks

The latest mobile devices such as smartphone, laptop, and tablet PC have supported IEEE 802.11 interfaces for broadband wireless data services. To extend the coverage in medium or large-scale areas such as office buildings, airports, campuses, or convention center, multiple access points (APs) need to be deployed. When a mobile station (MS) moves an AP to another, it typically experiences a long delay time for reconnection and communications to an AP due to the four sequential phases such as detection, channel scanning, authentication and reassociation. Consequently, the traditional WLAN is not adequate for mobile multimedia services such as real-time video conferences, augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), etc., especially, in a mobile environment where requires to deploy several APs. This paper proposes a new handoff scheme where the channel scanning is completely omitted by having active MSs hold the channel consistently which is acquired at an initial connection stage to an AP even when it moves to a neighboring AP. Each AP changes its own channel periodically in a predetermined order while providing the orthogonality between the channels of the neighboring APs to mitigate interference. Therefore, seamless mobility can be supported for multimedia services by eliminating link layer handoff in the IEEE 802.11 WLAN. Moreover, any IEEE 802.11-based mobile devices can roam seamlessly without any modification. In other words, the proposed scheme can maintain backward compatibility with the legacy DCF and only requires the modification of APs. By adopting the periodic channel switching scheme, additionally, the proposed scheme can uniformly distribute all the MSs over the entire channels. This distribution can also reduce collision probability by decreasing the number of competing MSs over the same channel. Performance evaluation shows that the proposed scheme can provide low handoff latency and enhance throughput performance due to the decrease of collision probability.

Analysis of PMIPv6 extensions for identifying and assessing the efforts made for solving the issues in the PMIPv6 domain: A systematic review

ContextProxy mobile IPv6 protocol becomes one of the most popular mobility management protocols due to its seamless handover as well as relieving mobile nodes during the mobility process. Relieving mobile nodes during the mobility process also eases the deployment of mobility protocols. However, achieving mobility management via additional network entities results in issues such as long handoff latency, packet loss, signalling cost, load distribution as well as mobility support in basic proxy mobile IPv6. However, to address and solve these issues; researchers and experts have enhanced its performance in a number of directions to provide the best possible solution. Efforts are still in progress to exploit effective features to optimize the functionality of PMIPv6 protocol extensions. ObjectiveIn this research study, the existing PMIPv6 extensions are analysed for the main factors affecting its performance, in order to know the important features that should be taken into account when designing new PMIPv6 extensions. To achieve this, a systematic procedure is followed for literature collection and quality assessment so that to present a comprehensive overview of PMIPv6 extensions that will help the researchers to know the existing status of research domain, its trends, active issues in order provide better PMIPv6 solutions for future needs. MethodFor this purpose, the existing research from 2008 to 2019 is thoroughly analysed for the efforts made by researchers that have enhanced the performance of the proxy mobile IPv6 protocol. Research questions are defined for problems existed in the PMIPv6 domain, and then the analysis is conducted to achieve effective outcomes. These major issues addressed are handoff latency, signalling cost, buffering overhead, packet loss ratio, and load balancing. ResultsThe results of the proposed study suggest that despite of the efforts made in the domain of proxy mobile IPv6, the newer extensions should exploit the current advancement as well as the capabilities of the internet accessible devices. The presented study suggests several hybrid and integrated solutions, and these suggestions show good potential for enhancing the performance of proxy mobile IPv6 extensions.

Association stability and handoff latency tradeoff in dense IEEE 802.11 networks: A case study

Association instability is a common phenomenon in dense networks. The decision of whether or not to perform a handoff between access points in an infrastructured IEEE 802.11 network is taken exclusively by the wireless client stations. Even without mobility, static client devices may decide to migrate to another access point with the goal of improving performance. However, the criteria used to perform handoffs are not defined by the IEEE 802.11 standard and, thus, are dependent on specific vendor implementations. In this paper, we use data from a real large scale network and run experiments to demonstrate that such implementations are commonly deficient, resulting in high levels of association instability in dense environments. By analyzing the implementation used by the most common devices and conducting comparative tests in a real network, we were able to conclude that this instability, known as the “ping-pong effect”, results from the direct usage of RSSI samples which are highly variable. Also, we conclude that, despite being effective, common solutions for the ping-pong effect can cause additional delay to the handoff process, which is undesirable. Finally, we analyze the behavior of RSSI in indoor environments showing that its time series presents multimodal distribution. We argue that the findings presented in this study can help develop more stable handoff algorithms for dense wireless networks.

ES-DQN-Based Vertical Handoff Algorithm for Heterogeneous Wireless Networks

One of the most challenging topics for next generation wireless networks is vertical handoff concept since several wireless technologies are supposed to cooperate. In this letter, evolution strategy and deep Q-network (ES-DQN) has been proposed to make vertical handoff simple and effective. The algorithm executes the deep Q-network (DQN) with the objective of maximizing the benefit of the system, and combined with evolution strategy (ES) algorithm with global optimization capability to set initial parameters of the back propagation (BP) network in order to improve the convergence speed and precision of parameter learning. The results show that the proposed method not only outperforms existing schemes with handoff latency and throughput, but also reduce handoff failure probability and call blocking probability.

Enhanced LISP Mapping System for Optimizing Service Path in Edge Computing Environment

In the evolution of mobile networks, edge computing is a key technology, which provides services with proximity to users and enables various services to be operated in a virtualized platform for mobile users. Particularly, services commonly used by multiple mobile users can be simultaneously operated at multiple edge nodes, which allows users to use the service of the closest node to their access point. However, to provide session continuity for a service when the user moves, a method for optimizing the service path along with the mobility management of the user is required. In this paper, we propose an enhanced control system using the locator/identifier separation protocol to provide service path optimization with mobility management. This was achieved by integrating the location information of the service and the session information between the service and the users. The operating cost and handoff latency were analyzed. The analysis results show that the proposed system can provide an optimal service path to mobile users through fewer message exchanges and less delay than existing approaches.