Handling Cost Research Articles

Strategic approaches to sediment management for restoration of a deltaic plain

Sediment resources are essential to fulfill the State of Louisiana’s commitment to implement a Coastal Master Plan (CMP) to mitigate its chronic land loss, protect more than 2 million people who live in the coastal zone, and to save Louisiana’s rapidly disappearing complex and fragile ecosystem. With increasing rates of sea level rise and increased storm intensities along with continuing subsidence, the future quantity of sediment needed for ecosystem restoration will significantly increase, and at the same time, the accessibility to the sediment resources will become much more technologically challenging and cost prohibitive. These devastating environmental circumstances will compound the complexities of a sustainable ecosystem restoration in coastal Louisiana. Restoration projects must be robust enough (using adequate compatible sediment) to survive future environmental scenarios while the quantity of actively captured sediment resources available for critical restoration projects is likely to decrease, rendering the dredging and transporting of these sediment resources increasingly difficult and costly. These challenges will be an opportunity for Louisiana to utilize more sustainable, passively captured sediment (i.e. using large sediment diversions from the Mississippi River) to help offset limitations concerning actively harvesting sediment and to build and sustain wetlands in coastal Louisiana. Although any large-scale and meaningful restoration of the Louisiana coastal plain must involve sediments from the Mississippi River, the scope of this paper is restricted to offshore sediment resources. A strategic approach to optimize utilization of sediment resources includes minimizing handling and transport costs by first locating potential sediment sources and then identifying the most cost-effective way of using that sediment resource for restoration. The project cost and its success are defined by the sediment selection process. Thus, it is suggested that improvements in planning and management of multiple-use conflicts be based on regional understandings of sediment resources for an approach that maximizes benefits. The Louisiana Sediment Management Plan (LASMP) was conceptualized and formulated to improve planning and coordination of sediment utilization in Louisiana. This plan has evolved and has been adaptively managed in the absence of any prototype. Restoration activities are further complicated by competing interests and multiple uses of limited sediment resources. To maximize the availability of offshore sediment, the state is collaborating with the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) and engaging with other stakeholders in deciding the fate of decommissioned pipelines and to strategically plan the installation of new pipelines in offshore areas identified as significant sediment resources with the intent of protecting identified sediment resources for future use. Future offshore wind-farms may pose new challenges but simultaneously offer opportunities for conflict resolution via stakeholder engagement. For the past two decades the State of Louisiana/Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority (CPRA) of Louisiana has developed a considerable institutional knowledge base and expertise and improved the art and science of sediment management. A robust process has been adaptively developed with interagency collaboration and coordination to resolve conflicts/issues concerning obstacles to resource access. LASMP is not only a template for sediment management for coastal restoration, but also provides guidance for stakeholder engagement and conflict resolution for competing needs of seafloor resources especially in Northern Gulf of Mexico (NGOM).

Unequal area facility layout problem-solving: a real case study on an air-conditioner production shop floor

Solving facility layout problems aims at identifying the optimal plan for placing a number of facilities or departments on a shop floor considering multiple optimisation criteria and constraints. Recently, the unequal area facility layout problem (UA-FLP) has drawn more attention as it is closer to real industrial scenarios. To address this problem, the typical UA-FLP in an air-conditioner production shop floor is analysed, and then a modified non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) is developed to identify the optimal layout plan considering the material handling cost (MHC) and the closeness rating score (CRS). NSGA-II is a stable algorithm for engineering applications and has an encoding structure of chromosomes that can express facility layout expediently. Besides that, the two objectives (MHC and CRS) that are conflicting might be another reason for adopting NSGA-II. During the process, the crossover and mutation operators of NSGA-II are modified based on the non-overlapping method, which reduces the time cost for eliminating unsuitable layout plans. The modified NSGA-II is compared with two related algorithms, and the results show that it has better performance on the UA-FLP with a large number of departments.

Peningkatan Efisiensi Penanganan Material Melalui Perancangan Tata Letak Fasilitas dengan Integrasi Metode Konvensional Tata Letak dan Algoritma CORELAP

Material handling methods determine the effectiveness and efficiency of a company. This research was conducted at PT. FIM which is a manufacturing company that produces food packaging made of plastic (plastic food grade packaging), which has ineffective and inefficient material handling problems. The main objective of this research is to design the facilities layout of PT.FIM to improve the efficiency of material handling. In this research, the integration of the conventional layout method and the CORELAP algorithm was used to determine the optimal work station layout. The research stage begins with calculation of the routing sheet based on the OPC, calculation of the floor area and making of ARC in the production area using the CORELAP algorithm method, while for other facility areas using the conventional layout method. The next stage is making ARD and AAD, and conducting MHPS analysis. From the results of this research obtained a layout design that requires the addition of 6 injection machines, a production floor area of 922m2, a raw material warehouse of 26.65m2, a finished materials warehouse of 63.96m2, a work-in-process warehouse of 85.28m2, supporting materials warehouse of 14.34m2, office area and other facilities area of 462m2. The resulting layout design has a material handling distance difference of 49.3m, and a cost difference of Rp.51,978, with a material handling cost efficiency of 78.67%.

Marking the Shells of Pediveliger Eastern Oysters Crassostrea Virginica, with a Calcein Fluorochrome Dye

The continued development of effective mark and recapture tools for marine invertebrates is required to better understand fundamental planktonic processes such as larval transport and mortality. Mass chemical marking methods provide researchers with the ability to mark large quantities of individuals at one time with reduced handling stress and costs. Although 3-day-old larvae of Crassostrea virginica (eastern oyster) have been marked with calcein (a fluorochrome dye) and recaptured, pediveligers have not been marked nor has mark retention through metamorphosis been verified. To track mark retention through metamorphosis, 12,000 pediveligers were marked for 24 and 48 h in calcein of 25 and 50 mg L–1 concentrations, and mark retention was tracked every 7 days for 4 wk. Results indicated that calcein did not affect initial settlement rates, that the distinct bands on larval shells were visible after metamorphosis, that individuals marked as larvae were positively identified up to 4 wk postsettlement without sacrificing individuals, and that lower calcein concentrations than previously documented were effective. This study demonstrates that calcein is a reliable method for marking C. virginica pediveligers and suggests that relatively low concentrations of calcein can produce marks and could reduce costs and potential harmful effects.

A Selective Many-to-Many Pickup and Delivery Problem With Handling Cost in the Omni-Channel Last-Mile Delivery

This paper introduces a selective many-to-many pickup and delivery problem with handling cost (SMMPDPH) arising in the omni-channel last-mile delivery. In SMMPDPH, each request is associated with multiple pickup and delivery nodes, which provide or require commodities. A request is to load commodities from the pickup nodes and transport them to the delivery nodes. Since the total supply is greater than the total demand, we need to determine the selected subset of pickup nodes to visit for each request. Based on the loading and unloading policy, we take into account the handling cost incurred by additional operations. SMMPDPH aims to obtain a routing plan with the minimum total cost, including the travel cost and handling cost, for a fleet of homogeneous vehicles with limited capacity and driving mileage to satisfy the requests. We present two mixed integer programming formulations of the problem and propose two algorithms, including an iterated local search (ILS) and a memetic algorithm (MA), with specially designed move operators to solve the problem. Experiments on small instances clearly indicate the effectiveness of the two heuristic methods. With a comparison of efficiency on large-scale instances, we find that MA outperforms ILS in terms of both the best and average solution quality.

Logistic models to minimize the material handling cost within a cross-dock.

Retail supply chains are intended to empower effectiveness, speed, and cost-savings, guaranteeing that items get to the end client brilliantly, giving rise to the new logistic strategy of cross-docking. Cross-docking popularity depends heavily on properly executing operational-level policies like assigning doors to trucks or handling resources to doors. This paper proposes a linear programming model based on door-to-storage assignment. The model aims to optimize the material handling cost within a cross-dock when goods are unloaded and transferred from the dock area to the storage area. A fraction of the products unloaded at the incoming gates is assigned to different storage zones depending on their demand frequency and the loading sequence. Numerical example considering a varying number of inbound cars, doors, products, and storage areas is analyzed, and the result proves that the cost can be minimized or savings can be intensified based on the feasibility of the research problem. The result explains that a variation in the number of inbound trucks, product quantity, and per-pallet handling prices influences the net material handling cost. However, it remains unaffected by the alteration in the number of material handling resources. The result also verifies that applying direct transfer of product through cross-docking is economical as fewer products in storage reduce the handling cost.

The Impact of Private Sector Participation in the Operations of Nigerian Ports Authority within the Context of Nigeria’s PPP Legal Framework

The Nigerian Ports Authority (NPA) has always prided itself as the gateway to Nigeria’s economy. Conscious of its role to the national economy, it has over the years embarked on system reforms that progressively saw to private sector investments in its terminals, equipment and services. It utilized management contracts, joint venture partnerships, concession arrangements and amortization programmes, among diverse private sector participation models, for a more effective and efficient port operations. The glaring hypothesis is that in spite of these efforts, cargo handling has remained outrageously expensive with its corresponding spiral effect on the cost of goods to ultimate consumers. The fundamental issue, which this paper seeks to identify, is the impact or otherwise of the port reforms to the immediate and remote port’s stakeholders. Using the doctrinal method of research, the paper utilized primary and secondary sources that includes information from journals, conference papers, newspaper articles and internet searches to trace the evolution of port reforms, identify the different methods of private sector investment in ports infrastructure and services, and consider the impact of the reforms to the overall efficiency and effectiveness of the port system. The paper found that the impact of the port reform was a mixed bag as the cost of cargo handling is outrageously expensive to make cost of goods unaffordable to ultimate consumers. It therefore recommended that PPP risk assessments and analyses should be more comprehensive to include transport value chain and macroeconomic forecasts; the legal framework should be amended to accommodate more innovative PPP models; the institutional framework should have the capacity to insulate transactions from political interference and official corruption; and that Federal agencies operating in the ports should be streamlined while critical ports activities should be automated to a single window so as to reduce human interventions. These recommendations, if implemented, could achieve the national aspiration of creating a preferred maritime hub in Nigeria’s ports.

DISTRIBUTION AND QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES FROM A SAMPLE OF RED GRAPEFRUIT, AFTER TREATMENT WITH FUNGICIDE SOLUTIONS

"The Most citrus fruits are compromised each year due to post-harvest fungal infections. To reduce fungal infections, packing centers use fungicide solution mixtures to prevent infections that occur during harvest and then during storage. The most common fungal pathogens of citrus are commonly treated with the fungicides imazalil, Pyrimethanil due to their effectiveness in controlling these pathogens at low cost and ease of handling. However, little is known about how it alters tissues in citrus physiology. In this study we will investigate the behavior and retention of imazalil and pyrimethanil in the tissues of the red grapefruit fruit (peel and core before washing and after washing with hot water and simple dish detergent). This work demonstrates a viable approach for assessing the quality of citrus fruits, and we can even proceed to thoroughly wash each fruit before consumption, as we remove a quantity of residue. This work demonstrates that the treatment affects the citrus tissues and the substances migrate throughout the pulp, although the treatment was applied to the peel. Washing, which is the first step in food processing on a domestic and industrial scale, helps to reduce pesticide residues on the fruit surface. In this study, the effectiveness of washing the peel was also investigated. Although many chemicals are applied to citrus to prevent certain diseases or control pests, there is little literature available on how these treatments alter the physiology of the fruit. Usually, the packaging only analyzes the level of treatments on the products."

Nanocellulose reinforced zeolite based geopolymer concrete: Density analysis through response surface methodology

Geopolymer Foam Concrete (GFC) is an emerging concrete with environmentally friendly properties but excellent strength. Currently, research is ongoing in producing GFC with low densities for its lightweight, subsidized handling and transportation cost. However, they are often fabricated with high molarity alkaline solution. In addition to that, studies related to geopolymers are often limited to one-factor-a-time (OFAT) approach. In this study, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) is used to analyze the relationship between several factors selected and its response (density). The factors involved include Seawater/Potassium Silicate (SW/KSil), Potassium Hydroxide/Potassium Chloride (KOH/KCl), Sodium Laureth Ether Sulfate/Benzalkonium Chloride (SLES/BAC), and Hydrogen Peroxide/Nanocellulose (H2O2/Nanocellulose). The concentration of alkaline solution is maintained at low level to promote user friendly and environmentally friendly properties. It was found that all factors are significant with ρ-value < 0 except for SW/KSil with ρ < 0.474. Contour plots of KOH/KCL and H2O2/Nanocellulose produce the widest range of geopolymer density, ranging from <1.5 g/cm3 to >2.4 g/cm3 While high H2O2 amount is needed to produce GFC with low density, nanocellulose is helpful in maintaining the viscosity of slurry to allow stable formation of pores. Ultra-lightweight GFC with densities <1.5 g/cm3 has been successfully produced through this research.

Optimization of Multi-Objective Unequal Area Facility Layout

The unequal area facility layout problem (UA-FLP) refers to the reasonable arrangement of a certain number of facilities in a given layout area. The facility layout should satisfy given layout constraints and optimize given optimization objectives as far as possible. In this paper, a method combining improved lowest horizontal line method and particle swarm optimization algorithm is proposed to solve UA-FLP, which achieves multi-objective optimization of material handling cost, the adjacent value and the utilization rate of floor shop. On the one hand, the algorithm formulates facility packing rules through the improved lowest horizontal line method, which simplifies the legalization of facility layout. On the other hand, a modified particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm combining objective space division method (OSD) and niche technology is used for multi-objective optimization. The proposed algorithm overcomes the shortcomings of previous facility layout methods such as complex overlapping interference process, large amount of calculation and long time for multi-objective optimization. Compared with the comparison methods, the results show that material handling cost is reduced by 1%–6% and the utilization ratio of floor shop is increased by 2%–7%.

Perancangan Ulang Tata Letak Fasilitas Produksi dengan Metode Systematic Layout Planning dan BLOCPLAN untuk Meminimasi Biaya Material Handling pada UD. Sofi Garmen

The competitions among industries will get increasing and grow rapidly along with the advan/cement of technology. The layout of company facilities must be considered well as it holds a vital role in determining the quality of production process. Sofi Garmen Firm has encountered a problem of far distance in material handling among departments that finally triggered disturbance of production activity and huge cost of material handling. Therefore, a design for relayouting production facilities became the research object. It aimed at designing the layout proposal through Systematic Layout Planning and Blocplan methods. To calculate the distance, the researcher employed Rectilinear and Euclidean. The result of both distance calculations in Systematic Layout Planning obtained 29,678.5 meters and 23,375 meters respectively, whereas the cost of material handling gained averagely IDR 1,129,356.5. Meanwhile, the results of distance calculations of Rectilinear and Euclidean in Blocplan earned 30,920 meters and 26,942.5 meters consecutively and the cost of material handling produced averagely IDR 1,237,564.5. Accordingly, the calculation results indicated that the recommendation yielded by Systematic Layout Planning became the most optimum alternative of layout.

RESEARCH OF THE SLP METHOD TO IMPROVE THE LAYOUT OF AN ICE CREAM FACTORY

The problems of physical arrangement for the organizations are relevant when have space and material movements limitations. Reviewing layouts is a way to improve the industrial production process. Therefore, the objective of this present academic work is to propose a layout for an ice cream factory's production, considering analysis of alternatives to increase productivity. The Systematic Layout Planning (SLP) Simplified method was used as the main tool for the construction of the layout proposal. A case study was carried out which investigates a phenomenon within a real context through an in-depth analysis of a study object. The method was used systematically and validated from the fifth step, where a qualitative comparation between the current layout and the alternative submitted. As a result, is achieved an optimized, complete, detailed layout plan that reduces 21,30% of the factory handling cost.

PERANCANGAN ULANG TATA LETAK FASILITAS PRODUKSI MENGGUNAKAN METODE ALGORITMA CRAFT PADA PT. SERMANI STEEL MAKASSAR

Factory layout is one of the most important problems in a company, because the arrangement of facilities affects the efficiency and cost of manufacturing products. PT. Sermani Steel of Makassar City is one of the companies engaged in the manufacture or production of zinc-coated steel sheets (Zn) with a production capacity of 3000 tons/year, the problem that occurs is that the layout of related departments is far apart, causing large moving costs. The CRAFT Algorithm method is an improvement program that seeks optimum planning by making improvements in stages with the help of the WinQsb software. The CRAFT algorithm method can describe each department and calculate the Material Handling Cost (OMH) experienced by the product during the production process. Based on the results of research conducted, the cost of moving materials in the initial layout is Rp. 1,636,270,800/year after repairing the layout of the facility, the transfer fee is Rp. 1,467,309,300/year with a difference of Rp. 168,961,500 per year, material transfer costs have decreased by 10% from the initial layout.

PERANCANGAN ULANG TATA LETAK FASILITAS PRODUKSI DENGAN METODE GRAFIK DAN METODE CRAFT DI UD. PRIMADONA

UD. Primadona is a company that sells typical Jember snacks. At the moment, the condition of the facility layout of UD. Primadona faced many problems. One of them is a distinctive design that there is a long flow of material transfer. Transferring materials from the cutting department to the packaging department must go through the production department passed (backtrack). This flow can lead to a big total displacement moment, allowing an increase in material handling costs and indirectly increasing production costs. So, it is necessary to make or change the layout to be more effective and efficient. This study aimed to design using two methods, the CRAFT method and the Graph method. The results showed that alternative graphic method 2 was the best solution based on Material Handling Cost (OMH). This method has less displacement moment per day, and total OMH than the existing design, 89 meters per day and Rp. 7,039.90 respectively.

Metabolomics Study at the Postharvest Conditions of Cold Storage and Fungicide (Imazalil Sulfate) Treatment in Navel Oranges and Clementine Mandarins.

Millions of citrus products are wasted every year due to postharvest fungal infections. To minimize fungal infections, packhouses utilize aqueous applications of fungicides to prevent infections that occur during harvest. The most prominent fungal pathogens of citrus fruit are commonly treated with imazalil sulfate (IMZ) due to its efficacy for controlling these pathogens at low cost and ease of handling. However, little is known on how it alters the tissues in the citrus fruit physiology. In this study, a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics study is utilized to investigate the role of IMZ treatment in the juice, albedo, and flavedo tissues of two citrus commodities (navels and clementines). The experimental design consists of (a) fresh fruits at harvest, (b) raw fruits stored at 4 °C for 10 days, and (c) raw fruits treated with IMZ and stored at 4 °C for 10 days. Twenty-seven metabolites were identified, and several changes of metabolite composition due to either cold storage or IMZ treatment for both the spatial (albedo, flavedo, or juice) and temporal levels (days and storage) were found. The results show a notable difference between metabolomics profiles across the types and tissues, particularly significant changes on the albedo tissues of clementine. Furthermore, the pathways derived from the metabolomics profiles of the cold storage and the IMZ treatment are complementary to each other. Thus, the utility of metabolomics as a quality control tool in the citrus industry has the potential for broader applications to understand fruit growth and development.

Intervening Factors in Pavement Roughness Assessment with Smartphones: Quantifying the Effects and Proposing Mitigation

AbstractResearchers have linked pavements roughness to acceleration signals provided by smartphones, due to their simple handling and low cost, which might facilitate continuous data collection tha...

STRATEGI PENENTUAN LAYOUT GUDANG PT. MEGAH BANGUNAN ABADI GUNA MEMINIMALKAN JARAK DALAM PROSES BONGKAR MUAT

&#x0D; Determination of warehouse layout is important for companies engaged in the field of distributors. The purpose of this research is to find out how the process in designing the proposed layout of product warehouses in PT. Megah Bangunan Abadi and to know the efficient level of layout of new proposals against distance and cost in the loading and unloading process at the product warehouse. This research uses quantitative descriptive research methods. If all data is collected then then calculate the distance between departments, determine the cost of material handling and create from to chart and then process the data using software WinQSB to obtain the final iteration to compare with the initial layout. The results of this study show that there are 3 proposed layouts. From the proposed warehouse layout obtained the amount of distance 2.067,35 m with the total distance of the initial layout 2.373 m and has a level of 12,88 % efficiency compared to the initial layout. In total cost layout the final proposal has a total cost of Rp.18.922.030 with the total initial cost of Rp 39.926.050 and the new proposed warehouse layout has an efficiency level of 52,6% compared to the initial layout.

Soft Computing Methodology to Optimize the Integrated Dynamic Models of Cellular Manufacturing Systems in a Robust Environment

Machine learning, neural networks, and metaheuristic algorithms are relatively new subjects, closely related to each other: learning is somehow an intrinsic part of all of them. On the other hand, cell formation (CF) and facility layout design are the two fundamental steps in the CMS implementation. To get a successful CMS design, addressing the interrelated decisions simultaneously is important. In this article, a new nonlinear mixed-integer programming model is presented which comprehensively considers solving the integrated dynamic cell formation and inter/intracell layouts in continuous space. In the proposed model, cells are configured in flexible shapes during the planning horizon considering cell capacity in each period. This study considers the exact information about facility layout design and material handling cost. The proposed model is an NP-hard mixed-integer nonlinear programming model. To optimize the proposed problem, first, three metaheuristic algorithms, that is, Genetic Algorithm (GA), Keshtel Algorithm (KA), and Red Deer Algorithm (RDA), are employed. Then, to further improve the quality of the solutions, using machine learning approaches and combining the results of the aforementioned algorithms, a new metaheuristic algorithm is proposed. Numerical examples, sensitivity analyses, and comparisons of the performances of the algorithms are conducted.

Physical characterization and mass modeling of traditionally Popped Makhana (Euryale ferox Salisbury) variety: Sabour‐1 Makhana

AbstractCorrelation between physical properties of Popped Makhana (variety: Sabour‐1 Makhana) such as tri‐axial dimensions, spatial diameters, projected areas, volumes and mass may aid in predicting pops quality besides fabrication of post‐harvest machinery. Hence, the present work aims to predict the mass of Makhana pops as a function of its physical attributes using nonlinear mathematical models. Depending upon high variation in mass data (0.19–0.46 g), pops were categorized into small, medium and large groups presented with suitable mass models. The medium mass group (MMG) was found dominating since 70% of the overall selected samples belonged to this group approaching ellipsoid. Quadratic model was recommended to predict mass for MMG based on tri‐axial dimension thickness (T), R2 = 0.806; spatial diameter (Dg), R2 = 0.898; projected area (PT2), R2 = 0.873; and ellipsoidal volume (Vellip), R2 = 0.895, respectively. Further investigation comprised of various physical, aerodynamic, gravimetric, frictional, color, and mechanical properties. The mean surface area, true volume, and bulk porosity of pops were 881.37 mm2, 2,446.96 mm3, and 25.49%, respectively. The sphericity, aspect ratio, elongation, and flakiness ratio were determined as 0.85, 0.90, 1.12, and 0.79, respectively. Terminal velocity for pops and its associated drag force were obtained as 6.82 ms−1 and 3.12 × 10−5 N, respectively. Galvanized aluminium sheet offered both lower angle of inclination and coefficient of static friction (11.53°, 0.20). L* (64.39) and whiteness index (59.95) values indicated “opaque white” tone. For lower measure of cohesiveness (0.38) and resilience (0.14), higher gumminess (21.80) was obtained along with bowl‐life texture.Practical ApplicationsPopped Makhana is a light, voluminous, traditionally expanded pseudocereal consumed as breakfast cereal or roasted snack. It involves labor intensive manual grading, bag filling, weighing, packaging in various sizes, etc., resisting its consumer acceptability, export promotion and domestic consumption as well. Appropriate grading could be efficiently achieved by mass modeling tool, establishing the relation between physical quantities and mass. Mass based grading is economically superior than size grading, slashing grading time, packaging and material handling costs. Mass based mathematical modeling optimizes packaging formations and reduces volume for low transportation cost to distance places for product development. The assessment of projected area for mass prognosis outlines usage of single camera as the vital part of grading system, ensuring economic feasibility. Thus, research was inducted to investigate mass modeling of Popped Makhana based on the selected engineering attributes to develop an automatic grading system based on combined approach of mass and size.

English

Logistics systems are inexplicably linked to trade and investment, and their significance in describing a country&rsquo;s competitiveness in an increasingly globalized world is growing. Improved trade logistics, in conjunction by a way of more economic liberalization climate, increased volume and size of trade, as well as reach in distribution and production activities. With careful reviews, the study discussed a meta-synthesis of trade logistics influence on international trade where about twenty-two papers across publishers were analyzed to observe their findings. According to several reports, the availability and consistency of physical infrastructure for effective transportation and logistics services, regulations, poor implementation, procedures, corruption at ports, and cargo handling costs all got a significant influence on a trade and competitiveness performance of the Nation. In order to meet consumer demand, exporting companies could develop reverse logistics systems while focusing on sustainable development. However, to make the understanding of the level of logistics of trade impacts on international trade, the response of logistics growth in international trade requires more in-depth research. &nbsp; Keywords: Trade logistics, meta-synthesis, international trade, sustainable development, transportation, logistics performance.