Handle Bar Research Articles

Hydrothermal synthesis, crystal structure and property of a barbell-like copper complex with {(μ-F)[(μ-O)2(NbF4)2]} as the handle bar

Abstract A new Cu-Nb mixed complex, [{Cu2(phen)4(μ-O)2(NbF4)2}(μ-F)][NbF6] (1) (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline), was hydrothermally synthesized, and characterized by elemental analyses, IR spectra, thermogravimetric analysis and single crystal X-ray diffraction. Compound 1 exhibits a discrete barbell-like copper cluster with {(μ-F)[(μ-O)2(NbF4)2]} fragment as the handle bar, and [NbF6]− is a counter-anion. Fluorescent property, solubility, and electrochemical property of compound 1 were studied.

Design and Analysis of Cover Handle Bar Top (Injection moulding process)

Design and Analysis of Cover Handle Bar Top (Injection moulding process)

Pancreatic Body Fracture does not Necessarily Imply Loss of Ductal Integrity Following Blunt Trauma Abdomen—A Rare Image

Pancreatic injuries can result in significant morbidity and mortality if missed or unnoticed and also pose a great challenge in terms of diagnosis and treatment. We present a case of an 11 year old boy presenting with history of blunt trauma abdomen following handle bar injury. He had signs of abdominal distension and CECT of the abdomen showed transection of the pancreas in the region of junction between the body and tail. On exploratory laparotomy there was rupture at junction of body and tail of pancreas with intact pancreatic duct and a spleen preserving distal pancreatectomy was performed. In the presence of an intact pancreatic duct conservative management should be offered however this patient underwent spleen preserving distal pancreatectomy because of pancreatitis and necrosis ensuing in the pancreatic remnant margin. Hence, complete transection does not necessarily mean loss of ductal integrity and decision to preserve or remove the distal pancreas should not be based merely on ductal integrity but probably other factors also i.e. pancreatitis and necrosis.

Laparoscopic treatment of gastric and duodenal perforation in children after blunt abdominal trauma

Minimal invasive surgery has not yet gained wide acceptation for the care of patients that sustained an abdominal trauma. We describe the complete laparoscopic surgical treatment of two patients after a single blunt abdominal trauma. One patient sustained a handle bar injury and presented with a gastric perforation. The other sustained a duodenal rupture by falling on a sharp edge of a table. The patients were assessed and treated laparoscopically. The perforations were identified and closed. Both patients had an uneventful postoperative recovery. Therapeutic laparoscopic treatment of patients with upper gastrointestinal perforation is feasible. We would recommend this approach to experienced laparoscopic surgeons in hemodynamically stable patients.

Poster Session II, July 14th 2010 — Abstracts: Pressure measurement on Badminton racket

According to qualitative analyses the activation-relaxation-pattern of the grip forces seems to be a crucial factor of performance in many Badminton techniques. Especially for the backhand net shots it is assumed that experts exert high pressure on the racket handle within a short period of time to utilize the elasticity of the racket whereas athletes on lower level of performance tend to maintain grip forces over a longer period during the final phase of the smash. This is partly supported by EMG analysis [1]. To analyze the movement coordination by the pressure applied on the racket a specific device has been developed.A specially designed handle bar contains two FSR sensors and an analog amplifier (TLV2460). The FSR sensors (Ø: 18,3 mm/ accuracy: 3–15% within a range of 100 to 10N) were placed at the upper and lower area of the handle bar to allow the player to grip at different positions of the handle bar. Specific pressure points ensure that all pressure applied by the player is transferred to the sensors. The total pressure is then derived by the sum of the pressure measured at each sensor. The measure device is connected via cable and an analog digital converter to a portable data logger, where the data can be stored or transferred via WLan to an external computer [2]. By the integration of the racket device to the mobile system, accelerometic data of the racket and the arm segments can be derived synchronously.A prototyp of the measure device has been established. First data were taken from an expert (national level), an advanced (regional level) and a recreational player. Grip pressure as well as racket acceleration were measured while subjects performed backhand net shots. The results indicate that experts increase pressure at an early stage to support the forward acceleration of the racket and therefore achieve higher velcities of the racket head. Further research will focus on individual feedback training of elite youth Badminton players [1]Sakurai, S. & Ohtsuki, T. (2000). Muscle activity and accuracy of performance of the smash stroke in badminton with reference to skill and practise. Journal of Sports Sciences 18, 901–914.[2]Jaitner, T. & Gawin, W. (submitted) A Mobile Measure Device for the Analysis of Highly Dynamic Movement Techniques.

Akute Mountainbike-Verletzungen – ein Review

Introduction: Mountain biking (MTB) is an adventure sport with an increasing number of participants and competitors. The amount of injuries reported over the last years has grown. Research is needed to identify typical injury patterns and to improve possible preventive measures. This review study discusses the published literature on acute mountain-biking injuries. Methods: An electronical search in Pubmed and Sportdiscus was performed from March 2008 until November 2008. Results: The literature search revealed 23 studies. The review showed, that 50–90 % of the examined mountain bikers had sustained an injury in the past, most of which were minor (ca. 75.4 %), such as lacerations, contusions or abrasions. The review further showed, that the injuries mainly occurred to the upper and to the lower limbs, with a nearly equal distribution (35– 45 % vs. 30–45 %). Head injuries also turned out to be a noticeable component of the sum of injuries (10–20 %), most of which were concussions.Although the biggest amount of injuries occurred to young males aged 20–39 the review showed, that women were nearly twice as likely to be injured and also more likely to sustain fractures. Conclusion: MTB is a popular sport that can result in a wide variety of injuries. Although most traumas were minor, serious injuries (e. g. fractures, concussions) occurred as well and mostly resulted from falls over the handle bar. The injury risk may be reduced by the use of protective devices and appropriate trail selection.

Development and evaluation of vibration isolators for reducing hand transmitted vibration of walking and riding type power tillers

The presence of a large number of small holdings in India has rendered the power tiller to be the most suitable farm equipment, in view of its compact size and versatility. Continuous use of the power tiller can involve the risk of vascular disorders of the hands even after relatively short periods under usual working conditions and the results suggest that it is necessary to reduce the vibration transmitted to the user's hands by providing adequate insulating systems. In this study, new types of vibration isolators for engine, handle bar and handle were developed to increase the safe exposure level of operators by reducing the vibration transmitted to the hands. Combined effect of the three stages of reduction in vibration was measured and analysed to know the reduction of machine vibration in walking and riding type power tillers at stationary condition. The results indicated that provision of vibration isolators reduced handle vibration by 50–60%. The effectiveness of vibration isolators in reducing the hand transmitted vibration (HTV) was also investigated during rototilling in untilled as well as tilled fields and in transport mode on farm and bitumen roads based on ISO standard ( ISO, 2001a , ISO, 2001b ). HTV was reduced from 4.55 m s−2 to 3.18 m s−2 for walking type whereas for riding type, it was reduced from 4.24 m s−2 to 2.85 m s−2 after incorporating vibration isolators during rototilling. Vibration transmitted to the hand was significantly reduced from 3.96 m s−2 to 2.67 m s−2 at 5 km h−1 in the transport mode of power tiller. The risk of vibration-induced white finger was prolonged from 5 years to 9 years in the case of rototilling at the forward speed of 2.4 km h−1, 7 years to 11 years during transport at the forward speed of 5.0 km h−1 respectively for the 10% of operators if the power tiller is used 8 h day−1. On mounting the vibration isolators, daily exposure limit was increased from

Late Diagnosis of Locked Posterior Dislocation Of The Shoulder Associated With Lateral Clavicle Fracture

This case report brings to our attention a rare instance of a missed posterior shoulder dislocation, along with a clavicular fracture on the same side. These dislocations have a high chance of being overlooked on their own and there are no previous reports of such an injury in combination with fracture of the clavicle on the same side. This article seeks to highlight the importance of having a high degree of suspicion and diligent examination of the patient. INTRODUCTION Fractures of the distal clavicle are common injuries. Posterior dislocation of the shoulder is rare and accounts for approximately 2% of dislocations about the shoulder (3). The diagnosis of posterior dislocation of the shoulder is frequently missed (2). We are unaware of any previous reported cases of a combination of these injuries PRESENTATION A 56 year old right hand dominant male had a collision on his mountain bike causing him to fall over the handle bars. He sustained an injury to his right shoulder and attended the Emergency Department. His presenting complaint was pain around his right shoulder and a swelling over the lateral aspect of his clavicle. He sustained no other injuries and was noted to be distally neurovascularly intact. An anterior posterior radiograph was performed minimally displaced fracture of the lateral aspect of the right clavicle was diagnosed. The patient was placed in a broad arm sling and referred to fracture clinic follow up. At the first fracture clinic appointment (1 week post injury) the patient re-examined and radiographs reviewed. The diagnosis of a fracture of the lateral aspect of the right clavicle was confirmed. The patient remained in the broad arm sling and was advised to commence active mobilisation of the elbow and pendular exercises of the shoulder. The patient was reviewed 4 weeks post injury. At this point the patient complained of a stiff right shoulder. A repeat anterior posterior radiograph demonstrated callus formation at the clavicle fracture site. The patient was referred to physiotherapy for mobilisation. At 8 weeks post injury, the shoulder stiffness persisted and it was decided to persist with physiotherapy. At 14 weeks post injury a further fracture clinic review occurred. The patient continued to complain of stiffness in the right shoulder. Examination revealed a loss of extension and abduction restricted to 45 degrees. Repeat radiograph demonstrated a united clavicle fracture and tentative diagnosis of a locked posterior dislocation was made. The patient was referred to the upper limb clinic. 22 weeks post injury; the patient was reviewed in the upper limb clinic. The diagnosis of united clavicle fracture and a locked posterior dislocation was confirmed. An MRI scan revealed an intact rotator cuff. The diagnosis was discussed with the patient and an open reduction and tuberosity transfer operation of the right shoulder performed. The patient was assessed by means of a Constant score preoperatively and at 6 and 12 months post-operatively. The Constant score assess pain, activities of daily living, range of movement and power. The maximum possible score is 100. Pre-operatively the patient achieved a score of 26; this had improved to 48 and 64 at 6 and 12 months post-operatively. The patient is currently satisfied and due for review at 24 months post-operation. Late Diagnosis of Locked Posterior Dislocation Of The Shoulder Associated With Lateral Clavicle Fracture 2 of 3 OUTCOME MEASURES Preoperative and Post operative Constant score.

1G1-3 シルバーカー用サスペンションの検討(OS7:福祉機器における振動と運動の制御,オーガナイズドセッション)

Silver car is a handcart for old people. It is very popular when they take a walk. The structure is very simple and it has many functions However, in country side such as Koichi, there are many unpaved roads. On such a road, to use a silver car may be patient for old people because of vibration of a handle bar. In this paper, a consideration of comfortable use of the silver car is discussed. Suspension mechanism installed on the silver car is examined. Suspension mechanism is introduced and some experimental results are shown.

A 6-year-old boy presenting with traumatic evisceration following a bicycle handle bar injury: a case report

We report the case of a 6-year-old boy presenting with small bowel evisceration following a fall onto a bicycle handle-bar. His case is presented, a review of the literature performed and interesting photos pre and post-op are presented.

Action planning with two-handed tools

In tool use, the intended external goals have to be transformed into bodily movements by taking into account the target-to-movement mapping implemented by the tool. In bimanual tool use, this mapping may depend on the part of the tool that is operated and the effector used (e.g. the left and right hand at the handle bar moving in opposite directions in order to generate the same bicycle movement). In our study, we investigated whether participants represent the behaviour of the tool or only the effector-specific mapping when using two-handed tools. In three experiments, participants touched target locations with a two-jointed lever, using either the left or the right hand. In one condition, the joint of the lever was constant and switching between hands was associated with switching the target-to-movement-mapping, whereas in another condition, switching between hands was associated with switching the joint, but the target-to-movement-mapping remained constant. Results indicate pronounced costs of switching hands in the condition with constant joint, whereas they were smaller with constant target-to-movement mapping. These results suggest that participants have tool-independent representations of the effector-specific mappings.

Biophysical Aspects of Submaximal Hand Cycling

Hand cycling is a popular form of wheeled mobility. This study evaluates biophysical differences between synchronous/asynchronous hand cycling. During submaximal hand cycling on a motor driven treadmill, 9 able-bodied subjects performed 2 series of 4 steady state exercise bouts at 1.11 to 2.78 m/s. Metabolic parameters, mean force on the handle bar, muscle activity and local perceived exertion in the upper body were determined. Mean power output was 35.4 +/- 7 W (v = 2.78 m/s). At this speed oxygen uptake was 1.11 +/- 0.25 and 1.26 +/- 0.26 l/min for the synchronous and asynchronous modes, respectively. Mechanical efficiency was significantly higher (v = 2.78 m/s: + 11.5 %) in synchronous cycling. Higher activity of m. obliquus externus and extensor carpi ulnaris was seen. Mean 2D total force and fraction effective force on the handle bar were lower in asynchronous hand cycling. Local perceived discomfort was higher in the asynchronous mode for different arm regions. Synchronous hand cycling is more efficient and at a lower metabolic cost. Mean muscle activation and the local perceived discomfort may explain some results. Future study should focus on combined time-based force and muscle activity characteristics. Synchronous hand cycling should be preferred during submaximal exercise in early rehabilitation.

Development of a simple device for measurement of rotational knee laxity

The goal of this study was to develop a new device for the measurement of rotational knee laxity and to measure intra-observer and inter-observer reliability in a cadaveric study. An array of established tools was utilized to design the device with a basis that consists of an Aircast Foam Walkertrade mark boot. A load cell was attached to the boot with a handle bar for application of moments about the knee. An electromagnetic tracking system was used to record the motion of the tibia with respect to the femur. The total arc of motion ranged from 23 degrees at full extension to 46 degrees at 90 degrees of knee flexion. The intra-tester ICCs ranged from 0.94 to 0.99. The ICC for inter-tester reliability ranged from 0.95 to 0.99. In summary, the new device for measurement of rotational knee laxity is simple, reliable, and can be used in a non-invasive fashion in the office or surgical suite document clinical outcome in terms of rotational knee laxity.

A 7-year-old Boy with an Abdominal Wall Hernia and Ischemia of the Left Leg after a Bicycle Handle Bar Injury

Traumatic abdominal wall hernia is a rare event. We describe a 7-year-old boy in whom this rare injury was combined with a traumatic dissection of the external iliac artery. The hernia was corrected by primary repair, the dissection by resection of the injured part and endto-end anastomosis.

보행형 관리기 핸들의 진동 최적화

A previous study showed that the handle vibration of a walking type cultivator can be reduced by adding a mass to the handle. This study was conducted to determine the optimum magnitude and location of the mass to be added for the same cultivator. The possible locations of added mass were determined by investigating nodal points of the handle vibration by an ODS (operational deflection shapes) test at an engine frequency of 52 Hz. The optimum location was then determined as one that moved the nodal points to the hand grip of the handle bar. To determine the optimum magnitude of the mass, the possible locations were added by a mass from 0.2 to 2.0 kg in an increment of 0.2 kg. The optimum magnitude was then determined as a mass which minimized the vibration level at the hand grip. For the case of this study, the z-axis vibration at the hand grip was reduced from <TEX>$2.67m/s^2\;to\;0.88m/s^2$</TEX> resulting in a reduction of 67% and the total vibration from <TEX>$4.09m/s^2\;to\;3.27m/s^2$</TEX> resulting in a 20% reduction by adding an optimum mass to the optimum location.

Recovery of hand grip strength and hand steadiness after exhausting manual stretcher carriage

Rescue activities frequently require not only substantial and sustained hand-grip forces but also a subtle coordination of hand and finger muscles, e.g. when manipulating injection syringes after manual stretcher carriage. We investigated the recovery kinetics of manual coordination and muscle strength after exhausting stretcher carriage (4.5 km/h, load at each handle bar: 25 kg). Hand steadiness (frequency and duration of wall contacts when holding a metal pin into a small bore) and parameters of hand-grip strength were determined in 15 male volunteers before and immediately after the stretcher carriage. Measurements were repeated after 0.5, 1, 4 and 24 h of recovery. Mean carrying time was 215+/-87 s (SD), mean transport distance amounted to 264+/-104 m. During the carriage test, forces at the stretcher handles oscillated in the order of +/-50 N within each gait cycle. Immediately after exhaustion, hand steadiness was significantly deteriorated (threefold increase in frequency and duration of wall contacts), maximum and mean hand-grip force over 15 s were reduced by almost 20%. While the recovery of hand steadiness was complete by minute 30 after stretcher carriage, a significant reduction in maximum and mean hand-grip force by 12% could still be observed after 24 h. The present findings demonstrate that hand steadiness recovers much faster than maximum hand-grip strength after exhaustive manual stretcher carriage (less than 30 min vs. more than 24 h). Probably, muscle damage induced in particular by the eccentric components during stretcher transport seems to affect only the generation of large forces. By contrast, the generation and coordination of the much lower forces required for hand-steadiness appears to be impaired only during the short transient of metabolic recovery.

Liver injuries in children: The role of selective non-operative management

Introduction This review article on the management of blunt liver injury in children is based on the authors’ experience of 311 patients over a 22-year period. Material and methods All children presenting to our institution with confirmed blunt liver trauma were studied retrospectively. Hospital folders of 311 patients were analysed. Information was gathered about the clinical presentation, associated injuries, grade of injury, transfusion requirements and haemodynamic stability to examine factors influencing outcome. Results The age of patients ranged between 3 weeks and 12 years (mean of 7 years). Injuries as a result of motor vehicle accidents (MVAs) were the most common (268; 232 pedestrian and 36 passenger), other causes were falls (26) assaults or child abuse(15), bicycle handle bar injury (2). One hundred and thirty-six patients sustained an isolated hepatic injury and 175 had multiple injuries. Associated injuries included 147 head injuries, 131 fractures, 66 thoracic and 143 intra-abdominal (74 spleen, 45 renal, 4 pancreatic and 4 hollow viscus). Two patients died soon after arrival, 21 underwent laparotomy, 13 of which were liver related, while 288 were treated non-operatively. One hundred and six patients required blood transfusion (mean of 21.3 ml/kg); 30% of the nonoperative group and 100% of the operative group. There were three fatalities from the operative group (1% total mortality), one secondary to a severe, head injury, one liver haemorrhage and one from multi-organ failure Discussion The vast majority (93%) was successfully treated non-operatively with only 4% coming to liver related laparotomy, complications were lower, transfusions less and the in-hospital occupancy was shorter. Complication rate was 8% and mortality was 1%. Conclusion We confirm the success selective non-operative management of blunt liver trauma as adopted by this institution 20 years ago. It is now proven treatment in an appropriate centre. However, the challenge is to identify the severely injured child early and institute aggressive resuscitation and expedite laparotomy when indicated.

Intra- and inter-instrument reliability of Grip-Strength Measurements: GripTrack™ and Jamar® hand dynamometers

The purpose of this research was to compare the computer-connected GripTrack dynamometer and the manual Jamar dynamometer to determine the intra- and inter-instrument reliability. Using a repeated-measures design the instruments were calibrated three times. Forty-six uninjured female health workers (mean age 29.7 years) performed three consecutive grip strength trials per hand and per instrument with the handle bar in the second position, alternating which dynamometer was used first.Intra-instrument reliability and concurrent validity were tested using certified standard weights. Both the Jamar dynamometer and GripTrack dynamometer demonstrated concurrent validity with certified standard weights (Jamar r = 1.0, GripTrack dynamometer r ≥ 0.9994). While inter-instrument reliability was good, starting with the Jamar dynamometer as the first instrument (ICC 0.80 to 0.83), and excellent, starting with the GripTrack dynamometer (ICC 0.94 to 0.95), the Bland and Altman method of analysing the differences between the two instruments’ grip strength readings revealed instrument bias. The large spread of limits of agreement from –2.37 kg to 7.87 kg (± 2 SD from the mean 2.75 kg) suggests variation in readings of up to 10.24 kg.While both dynamometers retain adequate calibration, the human interfaces are sufficiently different to cause large differences in readings between the dynamometers, making them non-interchangeable.

The relative effects of road markings on cycle stability

Participants completed 1600 trials over 20 objects on an instrumented racing cycle. Recordings of lateral acceleration and handle bar angle were combined to form a single measure of instability and compared to recordings of normal riding over smooth asphalt. New techniques to control for learning effects were used within an experimental procedure that controlled for the angle and speed of the cyclist. Sixteen of the objects including rough ground, a round utility access cover, oversized thermoplastic lines (7 mm thick), and an audio-tactile line show significant effects on the stability of cycles. Traditional chlorinated rubber lines, one thermoplastic line, and a waterborne line show no significant impact on cycling. Relative assessment of the effect of the objects on cycle stability is reported and the validity and reliability of the method is discussed.

Measurement of wheelchair rolling resistance with a handle bar push technique

The purpose of this study was to evaluate a technique of pushing a wheelchair at the level of the handle bars as a method for measuring rolling resistance of wheelchair-user systems under different field conditions. Under standardized conditions on a motor driven treadmill, rolling resistance was determined using a 2D strain gauge-based push technique at the level of the handle bars and a commonly used 1D strain gauge-based wheelchair drag test using an adapted push wheelchair and ISO dummy at several velocities and using different push handle heights. After verification of the method, rolling resistance of six different floor surfaces was measured with the experimental push wheelchair in a centre for rehabilitation. Using an analysis of variance for repeated measures, small but significant differences in rolling resistance were found between the drag and push tests on a motor driven treadmill. Belt velocity and push handle height significantly affected rolling resistance. In the field study in the rehabilitation centre, tiles and tarpaulin had the lowest rolling resistance, while high piled carpet had the highest values. It is concluded that the wheelchair pushing method described in this study is usable for the determination of (relative) differences in rolling resistance of different floor materials if performed under standardized conditions and procedures, such as a stable velocity (within a small range of variation), using an ISO-dummy and a constant pushing handle bar height.