Handicraft Work Research Articles

Socioeconomic Impacts of the Artisan Implements on the Peasants Living Conditions, the Oromo of Southwestern Ethiopia, Jimma: A Historical Perspective

The study identified the existence of a sustainable socioeconomic correlation between artisan implements and the agrarian society of the Gibe region. Handicraft work among the Gibe Oromo peasants brought about a wide range of socioeconomic and political developments that have made the region famous in all aspects. Blacksmiths, tanners, potters, weavers, woodworkers, basketry, and others are among the major crafts that are attributed to people’s daily living conditions. The utensils of artisans positively influence the livelihoods of the region’s agrarian societies. As a result, without artisan implements, all socioeconomic practices, including agriculture, would be unthinkable. Despite their socioeconomic contributions, the artisans’ are all victims of segregation rooted in legends, riddles, proverbs, and others. Similarly, the implements of artisans have recently been threatened due to discouraging socioeconomic perceptions against the artisans and the expansion of industrial tools. The study used both primary and secondary sources to address the existing literature gaps.

A kétoldali aszimmetria fejlődésének vizsgálata történeti embertani anyagon

In my dissertation I examined the development of the bilateral asymmetry of the upper and lower limb long bones in nonadult skeletal remains from the Bátmonostor-Pusztafalu site which has been dated to the 14-16th century AD. Examining the averages of the long bone measurements of the upper extremity, the growth of the nonadult skeletons from this site was approximately the same as the sample chosen as a standard, thus they proved to be suitable for the purpose of investigating bilateral asymmetry. In the case of the upper limb, bilateral asymmetry was not present at birth. In older age groups, however, it developed gradually. Based on the time of appearance of bilateral asymmetry, the development of its direction and the change in its magnitude with age I drew conclusions about the lifestyle of the examined children and their relationship with their environment. They probably already participated in farming and handicraft work at the age of 7-8, and the physical activities performed during this influenced the long bones of their upper limbs through the loading of the dominant arm, which was manifested in directional asymmetry shifting to the right. The directional asymmetry of the femur showed a shift to the right side with age, and then to the left side in older age groups; thus crossed symmetry pattern could be observed. In the case of the tibia, I obtained partially opposite results to the femur. Shifting to the right in asymmetry was more common, but as age progressed, the differences between the right and left sides levelled off, just like in the case of the femur. As bipedal walking exerts an equal mechanical effect on the lower limb on both sides, asymmetry is less pronounced in the period of postnatal life from birth to adolescence. The bioarchaeological study of limb bone bilateral asymmetry of nonadult skeletons gave me the opportunity to contribute to the biological reconstruction of the findings from the Bátmonostor-Pusztafalu cemetery.

Creative tourism based on handicrafts in the municipality of Ráquira, Boyacá

This research allows to know the symbolic value and the representations that tourists give to the traditional utilitarian and artistic handicraft work in pottery and ceramics, to identify the criteria of inclusion and exclusion at the time of purchase in Ráquira Boyacá, considered as the handicraft capital of Colombia. The objective of this research is to identify the potential of creative tourism based on utilitarian and artistic crafts as a strategy for economic revitalization and cultural dissemination in the municipality of Ráquira Boyacá. In addition, it is based on the main categories which identifies having a support or information on a participatory scenario involving artisans, tourists, merchants and the community. Likewise, the type of research handled in this project is qualitative where the analysis is interpretative and reflexive. In this way, ethnographic interviews are carried out to obtain decisive information from the artisans in relation to the techniques, know-how and traditional knowledge associated with their artisan work in which tourism contributes to the dissemination, valuation and conservation of artisan work, privileging the principles of sustainability, quality and responsibility of cultural and creative tourism. Therefore, as a result, relevant information from tourists who visit Ráquira was evidenced, with the purpose of knowing the symbolic value and the representations they give to artisan work. Equally important, concluding this research, there is a great potential to strengthen creative tourism products based on handicrafts in Ráquira.

A spinner of yarns: Conversations with Auntie Mady

This article reflects on an oral history interview about expatriate life and transcultural belonging with lifelong traveller and multiple immigrant Mady Gerrard and reads Gerrard’s own rich and illuminating life writing, a memoir entitled Full Circle (). Having survived the Holocaust as a teenage girl, Gerrard returned to Hungary only to realize that the Soviet-enforced Communist regime was just another dictatorship. She left the country with her 3-year-old daughter, along with many other political refugees, in 1956 and settled in Wales, which she exchanged later (mostly in response to professional challenges) for Canada and the United States but returned to her adopted home, Wales, for her mature years. Our conversations were cut short by the COVID-19 lockdowns and then Mady’s death in the autumn of 2021, but the article attempts to channel her vivacious spirit and life-affirming wisdom and contextualize her legacy as important both to the memory of the Holocaust and as a contemporary woman’s material/tangible and intangible legacy (encompassing her handicraft work, writing and public appearances). The contribution consists of a framing piece of academic writing and a more creative and somewhat (auto-)ethnographic vignette capturing our encounters.

Analysis of Demographic and Work Profile of Rural Bamboo Handicraft Workers

Aims: The present study aims to analyze the demographic and work profile of the workers involved in bamboo handicraft work in rural region and it is noteworthy to mention that bamboo cover in India is 13.96 million hectare.
 Study Design: The study comprises a descriptive research design.
 Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in three villages of Pusa Block of Samastipur District of Bihar from February to May 2022.
 Methodology: For this study a survey was conducted on 120 randomly selected bamboo handicraft workers in Harpur, Waini and Gangapur villages.
 Results: The findings of study revealed that majority of bamboo handicraft workers were of 34 to 41 years of age with more than 15 years of work experience. Most of them were illiterate and more than three forth of them belonged to SC community. They were engaged in semi-skilled work and were earning only Rs. Rs.9843.33±379.82 per month from this work. Most of them are self employed and work for long hours about 6-10 hours a day with frequency of 2-3 times a day.
 Conclusion: Majority of bamboo handicraft workers were belonged to middle age and were illiterate with more than 15 years of experience of bamboo craft. They have a large family to feed with having only one source of income and were struggling for better living condition. They were working for long hours without having any proper facilities which reduces their efficiency of work.

Inter-sectorial network for assisting women in situations of violence: handicraft work built by the people.

to discuss the meanings attributed by professionals to the construction of the service network for women in situations of violence. Convergent Care Research developed with the application of a convergence group with 32 participants from the health, social assistance, or public security sectors, in Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul. The data was produced during ten meetings, based on the problematization methodology, and submitted to analysis of thematic content and interpreted with the referential of networks. the construction of the network is an artisanal work carried out by people continuously, permeated by bonds, communication and partnerships between services and knowledge of work processes. Lashings require permanent movement. building a network implies defining intertwining lines; form nodes that create cross-sector connections. There is a need to institutionalize processes through care continuity protocols, associated with an efficient communication system between sectors.

HANDMADE AS A RESOURCE OF SOCIAL AND CULTURAL DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN SOCIETY

The article deals with the issue of handmade - a form of individual manual labor to create original applied or artistic products - as a resource of the social and cultural life of modern society. The relevance of the research is determined by the need for a person to have ways to show their uniqueness in the conditions of total mass production and social interactions. Based on the results of a sociological survey, the activity, motivational, psychological, economic and communication aspects of handmade have been clarified. The main conclusions of the research are the following: the possibilities of handicraft work in the utilitarian-applied and artistic-aesthetic fields of activity are most clearly manifested; handmade is a significant element for a large number of people in the organization of a positive communication space; in a mass society, needlework is a way of constructing and representing personal identity. The most significant function of handmade is the function of changing the type of activity in order to prevent emotional burnout in the conditions of concentrated information flows and the rapid pace of production and economic life.

Ремесленное образование как перспективное направление развития современного профессионального образования

The article considers the main aspects of craft activity in modern society and reviews the literature on craft education as one of the directions of development and improvement of professional education. The main organizational, technological and psychological characteristics of handicraft activity are highlighted. The analysis of trends in the development of professional work in the context of providing professional training for handicraft business is carried out. The main problematic areas of handicraft activity are noted: the lack of legislative and regulatory documents regulating the field of handicraft; federal state educational standards in the field of training of handicraft personnel have not been developed in vocational education; professional standards have not yet been developed for existing handicraft professions and craft activities; the lack of educational and scientific literature on handicraft activities and craft professions, which limits the opportunity to master craft education. Currently, the development of handicrafts is on the path of complicating the performance of professional activities. Modern craft education requires significant intellectual investment associated with the idea and design of future products, the presence of imagination and creativity in their work, an important role is played by the ability to build and maintain interpersonal relationships with various groups of people involved in the structure of the organization of a craft enterprise. Today, the organization of handicraft work requires a certain professional training with the need to form professional competencies of various directions (technological, legal, economic, pedagogical, aesthetic, etc.), which, in turn, will be able to stimulate professional improvement and professional development in handicraft activities.

Unconventional Entrepreneurship: Women Handicraft Entrepreneurs in a Market-Driven Economy

The objective of this paper is to investigate a unique type of entrepreneurship in women handicraft entrepreneurs. Data were collected from six women handicraft entrepreneurs by using in-depth interviews. Born after the 1980s, they strive for survival in a highly competitive marketplace. They are all passion-driven entrepreneurs. They have to engage in other activities (ranging from teaching handicraft classes to working in another full-time job) to financially support and sustain their handicraft work. It was found that challenges include high rental rates in the city, long product development processes, small market sizes, and insufficient knowledge in digital marketing. Almost all of them are skillful, innovative, and passionate on the artistic side, but reactive and passive on the business side. Measures were suggested to empower such women entrepreneurs in view of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals.

Problems of Life and Livelihood of Zari-Zardozi Workers in Western Uttar-Pradesh

Zari-Zardozi is a type of hand embroidery and usually done on apparels for embellishment with the help of needle, threads and metal wires. This handicraft work has been taken as patrimonial art in the artisan family. Even a strong presence of this art in the domestic and international market in last decade of 20th century and the first decade of the twenty first century, the plight of labourers was not improved and became so miserable. This descriptive research has been done on Zari-zardozi labourers of different villages of Bareilly, a western Uttar Pradesh’s district famous for this handicraft. There was 150 rural household samples were collected randomly to depict Zari-zardozi labourers’ present actual condition with their socio-economic background.
 There are two types of workers involved in this sector. One, who are doing this work as their main occupation and engaged in that throughout the year while others are temporary workers whose main occupation is some other but to earn sufficient or to use their holidays, they work for some hours or few days in a month or year. The nature of employment may affect the labour productivity. This paper would try to know the age-group, education, technical qualifications, wages variance between permanent and temporary labourers. With the help of Zari-Zardozi labourers’ inputs it would suggest the major factors affecting wages and would prescribe the possible measures to increase their income. Along with it, this study would try to assess their quality of life up to some extent with socio-economic condition of them. Minimum wage payment, skill development and social welfare schemes within the ambit of structural change of selling may be helpful to improve their poverty ridden condition

The Degree of Women’s Satisfaction with their Handicraft Work and the Difficulties they Encountered

There is modest contribution of tourism and handicrafts sector in Jordan with a small share of GDP. Previous studies have failed to discuss the main impacts of the situation and problems of the handicrafts sector, considering the level of satisfaction, main problems, and difficulties encountered by craftswomen. The study explores impact of the situation and problems of the handicrafts sector based on the level of satisfaction of craftswomen with their crafts, main problems, and difficulties encountered by them. A questionnaire was developed to survey the target population from one of historic touristic cities in Jordan “Ajloun”. A recognized number of women working in the handcrafts field to fulfil their needs and to keep traditional vocations alive were recruited for this study. The results of the study showed that a moderate satisfaction level is related to handicrafts work setting; whereas, the social and adequacy of income domain had a moderate satisfaction level as well. The women who did handicrafts encountered a number of problems and obstacles in marketing the products and on administration level such as lack of regulation and supervision, access to raw materials, low levels of demand, and deterioration of marketing channels.

Drudgery Reduction and Grip Fatigue Review of Indian Women Making Handicrafts

Indian handicrafts industry provides important segment of decentralization in India and huge employment opportunities are given to artisans including women and backward and weaker society people through this industry. Women give heavy involvement in handicraft production, but their contribution is often veiled by discourses that marginalize them providing very little critical analysis of women’s handicrafts. Grip strength is a generally used to refer the physical strength or muscular power to be generated with the hands. Results at various platforms have shown significant differences for handgrip strength (in kg) between male and female workers and to women majorly in handicraft sector. The repetitive nature of handicraft work causes wrist pain, grip fatigue, and other musculoskeletal disorders among women which are multiplied with house chores. The improved tools are helpful in reducing the grip fatigue and in increasing the work efficiency. Government and other supports to women in handicrafts sector are highly required to reduce the drudgery of women, to make the policies reach women with technical advancements, and to promote the traditional designs with new concepts.

MULHERES E MARISCAGEM: INVENÇÕES DE SI NO (IN) MUNDO MANGUE

O artigo decorre de uma pesquisa articulada ao projeto de extensãoFortalecimento Sociopolítico das Marisqueiras de Sergipe, parte doPrograma de Educação Ambiental com Comunidades Costeiras. A pesquisafaz-se processo de habitação coletiva em defesa de territórios de vidatradicionais e da vida das mulheres marisqueiras, que veem seus territóriosexistenciais cotidianamente ameaçados por empreendimentos do grandecapital. Inspiradas na etnografia e na cartografia, miramos nos processos de invenção da vida cotidiana das mulheres no mundo mangue. A perspectivaé pesquisar com marisqueiras, conhecer seus modos de vida e formas deresistência, que se tecem num território híbrido entre cidade, campo emangue. Acompanhamos a construção do movimento social MulheresMarisqueiras de Sergipe e, com ele, de redes de cuidado e ajuda mútua,invenções de si e de mundos correlatos, ampliando em ato sentidos para acategoria mulher e para o trabalho artesanal.

Feasibility and Application of 3D-ORIGAMI Modeling System Utilizing Mobile Device

Origami, a well-known Japanese traditional handicraft work, is the very popular art for Japanese. The delicate design of origami is characteristic of Japaneseness, origami is considered part of a mysterious culture. In this study, the authors suggest the system by which the user can experience 3D expression easily with a smartphone. They develop the app for foreign people by which they can enjoy Japanese origami culture easily and suggest the system that enables the experience of the 3D expression by using the plastic reflector. Moreover, they enhance utility for the system by increasing the number of contents. They also evaluate the system and examine the utility.

The use of firewood for home consumption and the fabrication of hand-crafted ceramics in a semi-arid region of Northeast Brazil

ABSTRACT This study aimed to identify, analyze and compare different uses of firewood for home consumption and for handicraft work in rural communities in Altinho, Pernambuco, Brazil. Semi-structured and free-listing interviews were performed to catalog the plants that were better known by locals and that were mostly used as firewood for home consumption and handicraft work. Two in situ inventories were performed at the homes of the study location in order document the plants that were actually used. A total of 39 species of woody plants belonging to 16 botanical families were registered. The most widely-known species for both uses were also the species that were most used and preferably-used-as-wood by the population. The plants most preferably-used-as-wood by the participants, which were selected as samples, were also those that the participants identified as having superior quality. Thus, there is a small group of plants that is used for both activities, and thus more vulnerable to extractivism, and which ought to be conserved. Alternative management strategies are needed that secure the availability of these species in the future to meet the needs of the local population and to conserve biodiversity.

Comparative assessment of shift in hearing threshold among handicraft operatives in India

This case-control exploratory study is first of its kind to assess the noise exposure and loss in hearing threshold (HT) due to the occupational use of hand tools used for handicraft work. Sixty male participants involved in different crafts trade and a reference group of 50 office workers were selected. The sound pressure levels under actual work conditions were measured as per the method outlined in IS 7194:1994. The mean equivalent sound pressure level was quite high (96.37 dB(A)), exceeding the exposure limit of 90 dB(A). Audiometric tests were conducted to compare the HT between both the groups. In agreement with dose consumed, the exposed workers exhibit moderate hearing impairment in the frequency range of 1500–6000 Hz. The association of HT at different frequencies among occupation were detected using post-hoc multiple comparisons. 95% of the workers showed hearing handicap at some level and noise-induced hearing loss increases with higher age and experience. Interventions in the hand tools, implementation of hearing conservation programmes and practice of personal protective equipments have been suggested.Practitioner Summary: As the primary outcomes, comparative assessment of the shift in hearing threshold was analyzed in anticipation to develop a better work system. Results from the study report that the sound pressure level was fairly high and 95% of the handicraft operatives showed hearing handicap at some level.

The Relationship between Psychological and Social Problems of King Faisal University Students and their Attitudes towards Vocational and Handicraft Work

The Relationship between Psychological and Social Problems of King Faisal University Students and their Attitudes towards Vocational and Handicraft Work

MUŞ İLİNİN KADIN GİRİŞİMCİLİK EĞİLİMİNİ BELİRLEMEYE YÖNELİK BİR PİLOT ARAŞTIRMA

Since women have participated in business life more in recent years, female entrepreneurship has been frequently handled in business/management literature. This study aims to reveal the entrepreneurship profile/tendency of prospective female entrepreneurs in the province of Mus, to determine in which sectors women take part more and the general demographical features of the prospective female entrepreneurs in Mus. The population of this study is women who inhabit Mus and do handicraft work, carry out agricultural (growing fruit and vegetables) and animal breeding (producing milk, yoghurt and cheese) and sell those products or work as charwomen or babysitters. The sample of the study is 300 women inhabiting center and districts of Mus. As a result of the study, it is seen that a vast majority of women contribute to family income by doing handicraft work, that they do not have sufficient capital but will attempt to open a place of business if they are supported, that they have never gotten entrepreneurial education and that there are no entrepreneurs in families’ of many.

MUŞ İLİNİN KADIN GİRİŞİMCİLİK EĞİLİMİNİ BELİRLEMEYE YÖNELİK BİR PİLOT ARAŞTIRMA

Son yıllarda kadınların iş yaşamında daha fazla yer almasından dolayı kadın girişimciliği işletme/yönetim literatüründe sıklıkla ele alınır olmuştur. Çalışmanın amacı, Muş ilinde kadın girişimci adaylarının girişimcilik profilinin/eğiliminin ortaya çıkarılması; kadınların çalışma hayatında hangi sektörlerde yoğunlaştığının saptanması; kadın girişimci adaylarının genel olarak demografik özelliklerinin ne olduğunun belirlenmesidir. Bu araştırmanın evrenini, Muş’ta yerleşik olarak ikamet eden ve hane gelirine katkı sağlamak için ev içinde yaptığı el işini; bahçesinde veya tarlasında yetiştirdiği meyve-sebzeyi; hayvanlarından sağladığı süt, yoğurt ve peyniri ev dışına satan; hane dışına parayla temizliğe giden ve çocuk bakıcılığı yapan kadınlar oluşturmuştur. Araştırmanın örneklemini ise Muşmerkez ve ilçelerinde ikamet eden 300 kadın oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma sonucunda, kadınların büyük çoğunluğunun el işi yaparak haneye katkı sağladıkları, iş yeri açmak için yeterli sermayelerinin olmamasına rağmen olanak sağlandığında işyeri açmak için girişimde bulunacağı, girişimcilikle ilgili herhangi bir eğitim almadıkları, çoğunluğun ailesinde girişimci olmadığı bilgilerine ulaşılmıştır.

ХУМАНИТАРНА И ВАСПИТНООБРАЗОВНА УЛОГА ЖЕНСКЕ ПОДРУЖИНЕ И ЊЕНЕ ЗАНАТСКЕ ШКОЛЕ У НИШУ ОД ОСНИВАЊА ДО ПОЧЕТКА ДРУГОГ СВЕТСКОГ РАТА

In this paper, by applying historical methods and the pedagogical documentation analysis, we examine the humanitarian and general educational role of the Female community of Niš and its trade school since its establishment until the beginning of World War II. The community of Niš was established after the liberation from the Turks at the beginning of 1879, as a branch of the Female community of Belgrade. The communities represented humanitarian organizations that took care of the protection of women and their rights to enlightenment, and were directly involved in the establishment and operation of the Women's Trade school of Niš (founded in 1883). Women were more able to bond, to make lingerie and dresses during education. Despite the minimal representation of general subjects, the Female community of Niš and its trade school enabled organized institutional education of members, meaning women, through their active humanitarian and general educational operation. The female students who finished this school, were able to perform handicraft work and thus got the opportunity to, actively along with men, participate in the social life of Serbia in the first half of the twentieth century.