Handgrip Endurance Research Articles

No ego-depletion effect without a good control task

The ego-depletion effect refers to a temporary failure of self-control exertion after first performing an effortful task. This phenomenon has experienced a replication crisis in the past few years. In the present series of experiments, we tried to replicate the ego-depletion effect using a 30-min modified Stroop task tapping two executive functions (inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility) as the depleting task. In the first study, we compared the performance of a handgrip endurance task after this depleting task or after a classic control task (i.e., reading color words) and failed to replicate the ego-depletion effect. We showed that the control task induced boredom and subjective fatigue. In a second study, we looked for a better control task and compared the color-word reading task to another possible control task used in the literature (i.e., watching a documentary). Controlling for boredom, subjective fatigue, motivation and affective state, we found that the video task was not boring and did not induce fatigue, drop in motivation or negative affective state, whereas the color-word reading task did. In a third study, we used the video task as the control task and the modified effortful Stroop task used in the first study as the depleting task and succeeded in replicating the ego-depletion effect. This series of experiments illustrates that the choice of an appropriate control task is crucial to observe an ego-depletion effect and that boredom is costly. Consequently, it appears necessary to control for boredom in any future replication study aiming to observe an ego-depletion effect.

Influence of Low BMI on Handgrip Strength, Handgrip Endurance and Hand Dexterity in School Going Children- A Pilot Study

Introduction: The hand is the most dynamic and interactive part of the upper limb in humans and performing the complex tasks of daily living activities. The health problems due to less-than-optimal nutritional status in primary school-age children are among the most common causes of low school enrolment, high absenteeism, early dropout, and unsatisfactory classroom performance. Purpose: To compare handgrip strength, handgrip endurance, and hand dexterity in 6–12 years children with low and normal body mass index. Methodology: This pilot study was conducted among children with normal development. The age group included in the study was 6-12 years. The estimated sample 25 in each group. Participants underwent initial assessment, where height and weight were measured. To measure handgrip strength and handgrip endurance baseline hydraulic hand dynamometer and hand dexterity were assessed using a 9-hole pegboard, the participants were asked to perform three successful trials, and the mean of it was obtained. Results: Result shows that there was a significant difference between handgrip strength with BMI, with p< 0.01and no significant difference between handgrip endurance and hand dexterity with p>0.05 in children. Conclusion: The results of the current study demonstrated that 6-12-year-old children had a significant difference in handgrip strength of the dominant and non-dominant hand between low BMI and normal BMI children. With further research, it is important to find and compare the differences in a larger population. Keywords: Body mass index, dominant hand, handgrip strength, handgrip endurance, hand dexterity, non-dominant hand.

Handgrip Endurance in Healthy Elderly People

In general, there are many items for measuring physical function. Among them, handgrip strength is easy to use because it can be easily measured in a short time (3 to 5 seconds). There are few reports that evaluate handgrip endurance, we reported it.

Association of handgrip strength and endurance with body composition in head and neck cancer patients.

Introduction:Assessment of skeletal muscle function (SMF) is of clinical relevance in the prediction of treatment outcome and to decide on optimal management of head & neck cancer (HNC) patients. Handgrip strength (HGS) & handgrip endurance (HGE) are considered as surrogate marker for whole-body skeletal muscle function. Further, SMF depends substantially on the body composition (BC). Hence in this study, we compared BC, HGS and HGE between HNC patients and healthy controls and also analysed the association of HGS, HGE with body composition in HNC patients.Methods:A cross-sectional study, conducted in 44 subjects in the age between 18 to 60 years. Twenty-two were histologically proven HNC patients prior to cancer-specific treatment and twenty-two age and gender-matched healthy volunteers. The parameters recorded were Height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, HGS, HGE and BC. Hand-held dynamometer was used to measure HGS and HGE measured using a stopwatch. BC was estimated by whole-body bioelectrical Impedance analysis method using Bodystat Quad scan 4000 device.Result:Comparison of data between HNC patient & healthy control was done by Student's t test. HGS, HGE, lean body mass (LBM), fat-free mass index (FFMI), Phase angle (PA), body cell mass (BCM) and body cell mass index (BCMI) were found to be reduced significantly in HNC patients when compared to healthy subjects. Further, Pearson correlation analysis revealed a significant positive correlation of HGS & HGE with LBM, FFMI, PA, BCM & BCMI, whereas body fat mass index showed a negative correlation with HGS & HGE in HNC patients.Conclusion:Our findings revealed, a significant reduction in HGS, HGE in patient with HNC which denotes decreased skeletal muscle function and it is linearly associated with low muscle mass, body cell mass and phase angle.

Correlation of Body Mass Index with Handgrip Strength and Endurance of Dominant Hand in Medical Students

Introduction Hand grip strength is used in evaluation of muscle strength and is also increasingly being used as an indicator for nutritional status. The maximum force applied voluntarily by the subject is called maximum handgrip strength, which is measured in kilograms. Muscular endurance is the ability of a muscle or muscle group to perform against a load for an extended period of time, measured in seconds. This study aims to correlate body mass index with handgrip strength and handgrip endurance in medical students.
 MethodsThis is a cross sectional, observational study which included 74 undergraduate students of Maharajgunj Medical Campus by convenient sampling method. Body mass index was calculated by Quetelet’s formula. Camry digital hand dynamometer was used to measure handgrip strength in the dominant hand in kilograms. Participants were instructed to hold dynamometer with maintained pressure of 30% of maximum handgrip strength for as long as possible to determine the handgrip endurance. Statistical analyses were performed with SPSS Statistics software.
 ResultsThe handgrip strength was more in males than females with a mean of 43.09±3.72 kg, while handgrip endurance was more in females with a mean of 123.60±50.65 sec. Positive correlation was seen between body mass index and handgrip strength (r=0.23 and p=0.045). Body mass index and handgrip endurance also showed positive correlation (r=0.34 and p=0.003).
 ConclusionSignificant correlation of body mass index with handgrip strength and handgrip endurance was seen in medical students.

Correlation of Body Mass Index with Handgrip Strength and Endurance of Dominant Hand in Medical Students

Introduction: Hand grip strength is used in evaluation of muscle strength and is also increasingly being used as an indicator for nutritional status. The maximum force applied voluntarily by the subject is called maximum handgrip strength, which is measured in kilograms. Muscular endurance is the ability of a muscle or muscle group to perform against a load for an extended period of time, measured in seconds. This study aims to correlate body mass index with handgrip strength and handgrip endurance in medical students. Methods: This is a cross sectional, observational study which included 74 undergraduate students of Maharajgunj Medical Campus by convenient sampling method. Body mass index was calculated by Quetelet’s formula. Camry digital hand dynamometer was used to measure handgrip strength in the dominant hand in kilograms. Participants were instructed to hold dynamometer with maintained pressure of 30% of maximum handgrip strength for as long as possible to determine the handgrip endurance. Statistical analyses were performed with SPSS Statistics software. Results: The handgrip strength was more in males than females with a mean of 43.09±3.72 kg, while handgrip endurance was more in females with a mean of 123.60±50.65 sec. Positive correlation was seen between body mass index and handgrip strength (r=0.23 and p=0.045). Body mass index and handgrip endurance also showed positive correlation (r=0.34 and p=0.003). Conclusion: Significant correlation of body mass index with handgrip strength and handgrip endurance was seen in medical students.

유산소를 병행한 근력운동이 유방암 절제술 환자의 팔 둘레, 악력, 통증, 장애지수, 지구력에 미치는 영향

유산소를 병행한 근력운동이 유방암 절제술 환자의 팔 둘레, 악력, 통증, 장애지수, 지구력에 미치는 영향

The lack of association between dietary antioxidant quality score with handgrip strength and handgrip endurance amongst Tehranian adults: A cross-sectional study from a Middle East country.

The association between dietary antioxidant quality score (DAQS) and handgrip strength (HS) and handgrip endurance (HE) is still unclear. We aimed to investigate whether adherence to dietary antioxidant quality score (DAQS) is associated with handgrip strength (HS) and handgrip endurance (HE) amongst adults in Tehran. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 270 (43.7% males, mean age 37years and 56.3% females, mean age 35years) apparently healthy adult subjects (53.2% were married) selected from different parts of Tehran, Iran. Dietary intake was assessed using a 168-item validated food frequency questionnaire. DAQS was calculated using antioxidant-nutrient intake. Body composition was measured using a body composition analyser. Handgrip strength and endurance were measured by a digital handgrip dynamometer. Relative muscle strength was expressed as the ratio of handgrip strength by body mass index (BMI). The results showed that DAQs had no significant association with HS (P=.67, adjusted R2 =.60) and HE (P=.19, adjusted R2 =.08) after adjusting for potential confounders. However, a significant positive association was found between selenium intake and HE even after adjusting for potential confounders (P=.01, adjusted R2 =.10). After controlling for potential confounders no differences in the mean of HS (P=.29) and also HE (P=.61) amongst tertiles of DAQS was found. Positive linear association was found between vitamin C (P=.02, adjusted R2 =.53) and vitamin E (P=.03, adjusted R2 =.55) intake with relative muscle strength. Our results revealed that no significant association between DAQS and HE and HS. It was found that more intake of selenium was positively linked to HE. Dietary intake of vitamin C and vitamin E are associated with higher relative muscle strength. It is evident that more prospective studies are needed to confirm the veracity of our results.

Effect Of Mental Fatigue Induced By A Cognitive Task On A Subsequent Handgrip Endurance Exercise

Mental fatigue is commonly observed when using the sequential task protocol. In this protocol, participants perform a first task that requires effortful control or that does not. Then, they have to perform a second task that systematically requires effortful control. Participants generally give up earlier the second task when they have exerted effortful control in the first task. Despite an extensive literature on this phenomenon, researchers still debate about its real existence and failed to define its conditions of occurrence. PURPOSE: To replicate the mental fatigue effect with a long cognitive task tapping executive functions on a subsequent effortful physical task. METHODS: Fifty-five young adults completed 4 sessions separated by a minimum of 48h. The first session was a learning session in which participants familiarize with the Stroop task and the handgrip task. During the second session, participants only performed the endurance handgrip task at 13% voluntary maximal contraction until exhaustion. During the third and fourth sessions, participants performed a 30-min cognitive task (modified Stroop task vs. Video task) followed by the same handgrip task than in the 2nd session. The order of sessions 2 and 3 were counterbalanced across participants. RESULTS: As expected, participants squeezed the handgrip during a shorter time (5.36 min) after the Stroop task than after watching an emotionally neutral movie (5.82 min). In addition, there was a significant difference between the performance of the second session (5.80 min) and the performance after the Stroop task. CONCLUSION: This study clearly shows that a long task overloading execution functions leads to an early disengagement of mental effort in a subsequent effortful physical task. The cause of this earlier dropout is explained in different ways: (1) a quicker depletion of brain resources, (2) energetic and computational costs higher than the benefits associated with the achievement of the task goal, or (3) a reorientation of attention and intention to more pleasant tasks. Further studies are needed to confront these different explanations and manipulate the difficulty of the first task (duration and effortful control load) to determine the conditions of occurrence necessary to induce mental fatigue.

Influence of body composition on handgrip strength and handgrip endurance in adult females aged 22-40 years

Influence of body composition on handgrip strength and handgrip endurance in adult females aged 22-40 years

Effects of Repeated, Long-Duration Hyperoxic Water Immersions on Neuromuscular Endurance in Well-Trained Males.

PurposeThis study examined the effects of repeated long-duration hyperoxic water immersions (WIs) at 1.35 atmospheres absolute (ATA) on neuromuscular endurance performance. We hypothesized that over a 5-day period of consecutive, resting, long-duration hyperoxic WIs there would be a decrease to neuromuscular endurance performance and tissue oxygenation with the quadriceps muscle, but not with the forearm flexors.MethodsThirteen well-trained, male subjects completed five consecutive 6-h resting WIs with 18-h surface intervals during the dive week while breathing 100% oxygen at 1.35 ATA. We assessed skeletal muscle endurance performance before and after each WI, and 24 and 72 h after the final WI. Muscular endurance assessments included 40% maximal handgrip endurance (MHE) and 50-repetition maximal isokinetic (IK) knee extensions. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) was used to measure muscle oxidative capacity (MOC) of the vastus lateralis and localized muscle tissue oxygenation of the vastus lateralis and flexor carpi radialis. Simultaneously, we measured brachioradialis neuromuscular activation by surface electromyography (SEMG).ResultsMHE time-to-fatigue performance declined by 15% at WI 3 (p = 0.009) and by 17% on WI 5 (p = 0.002). Performance continued to decline by 22% at 24-h post-WI (p < 0.001) and by 12% on 72-h post-WI (p = 0.019). Fifty-repetition IK knee extension total work decreased by 5% (p = 0.002) on WI 3, and was further reduced by 7.5 and 12.3% (p = 0.032) at pre-WI 5 and 24-h post-WI, respectively. However, the rate of fatigue was 8 (p = 0.033) and 30% (p = 0.017) lower at WI 3 and 24-h post-WI when compared to WI 1, respectively, demonstrating the muscles were still fatigued from the previous hyperoxic WIs. We detected no significant limitations in oxygen off-loading kinetics during the exercise or MOC measurements.ConclusionRepeated, resting, long-duration hyperoxic WIs caused significant reductions to muscular endurance but not to indirect measures of oxygen kinetics in load bearing and non-load bearing muscles.

Hand grip endurance moderating the effect of grip force on functional ability and disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis patients: a cross-sectional study.

To examine the effect of endurance on the relationship between grip force and measures of functional capacity and disease activity, we performed a cross-sectional study at the University Department of Rheumatology, Physical medicine and Rehabilitation from January 2017 to August 2018. Functional capacity of the hand was measured by ABILHAND-RA questionnaire and disease activity was assessed by the Disease Activity Score (DAS-28-CRP). All participants underwent dynamometric measurements of maximal grip force and hand grip endurance during repeated gripping. We analyzed the data from 34 RA patients at the median (IQR) age of 57 (51-61), 31 (91%) of them women, and 44 healthy participants at the age of 55 (50-59), 39 (89%) of them women. The moderating effect of endurance on the correlation between maximum grip force and the ABILHAND-RA score was not significant in healthy participants (b = 0.000, 95% CI - 0.005-0.004, p = 0.862), but it was in RA patients (b = 0.003, 95% CI 0.000-0.005, p = 0.027). In RA patients, the effect of maximum grip force on the ABILHAND-RA score increased with the increase in hand grip endurance. In RA patients, the interaction between endurance and grip force significantly explained the 15% more variance of the disease activity than main effects of these two measures, age, gender and body mass index alone. Hand grip endurance during repeated gripping affects the correlation between maximum grip force and the ABILHAND-RA score in a pattern that differs in RA patients and in the healthy population. In RA patients, hand grip endurance significantly moderates the correlation between maximum grip force and the DAS-28-CRP.

Physical fitness of amateur paddle players: comparisons between different competitive levels

Padel is widely practiced racket sport, although there is scanty data comparing competitive levels and differences between the sexes. Physical fitness of padel players was compared, according to sex and level. The research involved 35 people (age = 29.6 ± 2.9 years, practice = 6.8 ± 4.9 years), 13 of the first, 15 of the second and 7 of the third category. Aerobic power (PAM) with Yo-YoIR1, agility with handball agility specific test (HAST), muscular power with vertical jump and 3kg medicineball throw, and handgrip endurance strength (HES) with dynamometer were measured. The variables PAM, HAST, vertical jump, throttle and FIPM were significantly different between genders. In addition, in the male category, players in the upper category had lower heart rate scores after Yo-YoIR1 as well as distance traveled, throttle and FIPM maximum, while in females the superior category was better in the variables distance traveled in Yo-YoIR1 and vertical jump. On the other hand, in both sexes, players of superior categories presented greater time of practice. Amateur padel players with a higher competitive level do not present higher physical fitness, but present longer practice time.

Effects of Cognitive Control Exertion and Motor Coordination on Task Self-Efficacy and Muscular Endurance Performance in Children.

Emerging research shows a strong connection between brain areas governing cognition and motor behavior. Indeed, research based on the Strength Model has shown that people perform worse on physical tasks following the exertion of high (compared to low) cognitive control which has been attributed to the dysregulation of neurophysiological processes within areas of the brain responsible for cognition. Yet, research investigating the negative aftereffects of high cognitive control (HCC) exertion on task performance has not considered the potential role of areas governing motor behavior. The present study investigated the effects of HCC exertion on task self-efficacy and exercise performance in children. A secondary purpose was to investigate whether motor coordination influences the change in exercise performance differently following low versus HCC exertion. Participants (N = 70) performed two isometric handgrip endurance trials separated by a Stroop task, which was either congruent low cognitive control (LCC) or incongruent (HCC). Motor coordination was assessed prior to the first endurance trial. Task self-efficacy for performing the second endurance trial was assessed following the Stroop task. Participants in the HCC condition reported lower task self-efficacy and showed a reduction in endurance exercise performance. Task self-efficacy mediated the cognitive control—performance relationship. Participants scoring lower on motor coordination showed the greatest declines in exercise performance following HCC, whereas motor coordination did not affect performance following LCC. The results of this study provide evidence that task self-efficacy and exercise performance are also negatively affected in children following HCC, and interestingly, these effects are exacerbated among those scoring lower in motor coordination. We recommend future research investigate motor coordination as a potential mechanism for the reductions in both cognitive and physical task performance following the prolonged exertion of HCC.

Efeitos agudos da ingestão de cafeína no desempenho em teste específico de pádel

The study aimed to investigate the effects of caffeine on performance of specific precision paddle test. Twelve paddle athletes performed two specific training sessions of 45minutes, preceded by 6mg•kg–1 of caffeine (CAF) or placebo (PLA) 30min before. Pre and post‐workout was measured handgrip endurance, recorded heart rate (HR) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and conducted specific volleying test. The % of maximal HR in CAF and PLA post‐training were 93.6±3.3 and 92.1±4.4 respectively. There were similar responses of RPE and handgrip endurance. In the specific test was reached 31±3.2 and 34.4±4.6 points in PLA and CAF, respectively, was evidenced a 94% probable positive effect of CAF. Therefore, the CAF seems to increase efficiency in specific actions after an intense paddle workout.

Effects of Resting, Consecutive, Long-Duration Water Immersions on Neuromuscular Endurance in Well-Trained Males.

Purpose: This study examined the effects of repeated long-duration water immersions (WI)s at 1.35 atmospheres absolute (ATA) on neuromuscular endurance performance. We hypothesized that, following 5 days of consecutive, resting, long-duration WIs, neuromuscular endurance performance would decrease.Methods: Fifteen well-trained, male subjects completed five consecutive 6-h resting WIs with 18-h surface intervals during the dive week while breathing compressed air at 1.35 ATA. Skeletal muscle endurance performance was assessed before and after each WI, and 24 and 72 h after the final WI. Muscular endurance assessments included 40% maximum handgrip endurance (MHE) and 50-repetition maximal isokinetic knee extensions. Near infrared spectroscopy was used to measure muscle oxidative capacity of the vastus lateralis and localized muscle tissue oxygenation of the vastus lateralis and flexor carpi radialis. Simultaneously, brachioradialis neuromuscular activation was measured by surface electromyography.Results: A 24.9% increase (p = 0.04) in the muscle oxidative capacity rate constant (k) occurred on WI 4 compared to baseline. No changes occurred in 40% MHE time to exhaustion or rate of fatigue or total work performed for the 50-repetition maximal isokinetic knee extension. The first quartile of deoxygenated hemoglobin concentration showed a 6 and 35% increase on WIs 3 and 5 (p = 0.026) with second quartile increases of 9 and 32% on WIs 3 and 5 (p = 0.049) during the 40% MHE testing when compared to WI 1.Conclusion: Our specific WI protocol resulted in no change to muscular endurance and oxygen kinetics in load bearing and non-load bearing muscles.

Interdependence of body mass index with handgrip strength and endurance among apparently healthy teenagers

This study investigated the relationship of body mass index (BMI) with handgrip strength and endurance among apparently healthy Nigerian Teenagers. A total of 200 secondary school students participated in this study. Body height and body weight were measured with a wall–mounted stadiometer in meters (m) and bathroom weighing scale in kilogram (kg) respectively. Body mass index (BMI) was then calculated using the formula weight (kg)/height (m2). An electronic handgrip dynamometer was used to measure handgrip strength (HGS) in kg and handgrip endurance (HGE) in seconds (s). The relationship of BMI with HGS and HGE was analyzed using Pearson’s product moment coefficient of correlation. Then, differences in BMI, HGS and HGE across gender categories were analyzed using the independent sample t-test. The outcome of this study showed that BMI correlated proportionately and significantly (p &amp;lt; 0.05) with HGS and HGE. Also, a significant difference (p &amp;lt; 0.05) exists in HGS and HGE across gender characteristics. This study therefore concluded that BMI is a determinant of HGS and HGE among apparently healthy Nigerian Teenagers and thus, could be considered as a marker of nutritional and health status, as well as physical fitness of these individuals. Also, a gender difference does influence HGS and HGE among apparently healthy Nigerian Teenagers.

Study of handgrip strength and handgrip endurance in Type 2 diabetics

Background: Unlike the many systems which are targets for diabetic complications such as the cardiovascular system, eyes, kidney, and nervous system even the musculoskeletal system is a silent target organ for diabetic complications although less valued than the others. Aims and Objectives: To study of handgrip strength (HGS) and handgrip endurance (HGE) in Type 2 diabetics. Materials and Methods: A total of 64 Type 2 right-handed male diabetic subjects in the age group of 41–55 years, having a duration of diabetes between 5 and 10 years were compared with 64 healthy controls. The subjects were divided into three groups as Group I: 41–45 years, II: 45–50 years, and III: 51–55 years. Results: The mean values for fasting blood sugar, post-meal blood sugar, and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) % were significantly higher in all the three groups of diabetics than the controls. HGS was significantly decreased in all groups of diabetics while HGE was also significantly decreased in Group I and III of diabetics as compared to controls. Group I (−0.19) and Group III (−0.27) showed very weak negative correlation between HbA1c % and HGS while Group II (0.04) showed almost none. Furthermore, very weak negative correlation between HbA1c % and HGE was found for Group II (−0.16) and III (−0.16) while it was very weakly positive for Group I (0.084). Conclusion: This study clearly suggests that all patients with diabetes should be screened for musculoskeletal manifestations regularly as early rehabilitative methods may reduce the disease burden in this population.

Effect of the short-term practice of pranayama on the autonomic functions in 1st-year MBBS students

Background: The present-day stress among the majority of the population across the globe is only increasing day by day. Be it school going children, young adults or elderly population, all face risk of diseases related to stress due to the life-style changes that have occurred in the past two decades. This has made the kind intervention of yogic practices like Pranayama an inevitable part of our lives. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to determine the effects of various types of pranayamas (involving bhastrika, ujjayi, sheetali, anuloma viloma, and kapalbharathi) on autonomic functions of the body (blood pressure, cardiovascular parameters, and hand grip strength). Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 30 (Males - 12, Females - 18) healthy volunteers (1st-year MBBS students) of same age group. Recordings of blood pressure, electrocardiography and hand grip strength (using hand grip dynamometer) were taken before starting the pranayamic practices and after 4 weeks of regular pranayamic practices. Results: Descriptive statistical analysis and paired t-test were done. The decrease in systolic, diastolic blood pressure, and heart rate was significant (P = 0.005, P = 0.000, and 0.001, respectively). The changes in PR interval, QRS duration, and corrected QT interval were not significant. However, the hand grip strength increased significantly from 26.1 ± 7.9 to 29.0 ± 7.1, i.e., (P = 0.000), in the right hand and 24.7 ± 9.05–26.1 ± 7.9 in the left hand (P = 0.000) post pranayama. Conclusions: Even a short-term practice of regular pranayamic exercises lasting 4 weeks caused significant decrease in blood pressure, heart rate parameters along with an increase in hand grip strength and endurance, thus indicating beneficial effects of these practices thus suggesting the requirement to make it a day to day practice in all age groups especially young adults who face constant stress in day to day activities.

Hand grip endurance test relates to clinical state and prognosis in COPD patients better than 6-minute walk test distance.

PurposePatients with COPD present peripheral muscle dysfunction and atrophy, expressed as muscle strength and endurance reduction. The goal of this study was direct dynamometric assessment of hand grip endurance and strength in relation to the stage of disease, multidimensional predictors of mortality, and 6-minute walk test (6MWT). To the best of our knowledge, there has been no previous study determining these parameters.Patients and methodsIn this observational study, 58 consecutive outpatients with stable COPD and 25 volunteers without respiratory problems were compared. All COPD subjects underwent a comprehensive examination to determine COPD severity, prognostic scales, and 6MWT. Body composition, basic spirometric parameters, and hand grip strength and endurance were determined in all study participants.ResultsPatients in the COPD group had a 15% decrease in maximum strength (P=0.012) and a 28% decrease in area under the force/time curve (AUC) of the endurance test (P<0.001) compared to the control group. Dynamometric parameters were significantly negatively associated with the stage of disease and values of multivariable prediction indexes, and positively associated with the results of 6MWT. In most cases, closer associations were found with AUC than with 6MWT and in the gender-specific groups.ConclusionBoth hand grip strength and endurance are impaired in COPD patients in comparison with the control group. In particular, AUC could be considered as an attractive option not only to assess exercise capacity but also as a predictive marker with a better prognostic value than 6MWT in COPD patients. This is the first study to observe the dependence of hand grip endurance on combined COPD assessment.