Knowledge Of Hand Washing Research Articles

An Institution-Based Assessment of Students' Hand Washing Behavior.

Background Hand hygiene is cost-effective and has been recognized as an effective measure in the control of communicable diseases. The main aim of this study is to evaluate the hand washing knowledge, practices, and skills of students in both private and public institutions of higher learning. Methods This was an institution-based cross-sectional study that included a mix of 577 university students from different disciplines (49.6% males and 50.4% females) with a mean age of 21.8 ± 3.5 years. Departments were selected at random, and the quota sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Hand washing knowledge, practices, and skills scores were assessed using a structured questionnaire. The differences in scores were further quantified across different factors using multiple quantile regression analysis. Results The prevalence of hand washing with soap was 10.7%. Also, the majority of the study participants (75.2%) had a poor hand washing practices score. Age ≥29 years was associated with a 6.3% lower median hand washing knowledge score (p=0.039). Also, being in the public institution was significantly associated with 6.3%, 36.0%, and 10.0% lower median hand washing knowledge (p=0.021), practices (p < 0.001), and skills (p=0.025) scores, respectively. In addition, being a medical student (p=0.029) and washing hands ≥ six times a day (p=0.008) were significantly associated with an increase in the median hand washing knowledge score of 6.3% and 18.7%, respectively. Conclusions Educational interventions need to be carried out to create awareness of the importance of hand washing and also to enhance the hand washing knowledge, practices, and skills of university students.

Assessing Knowledge, Attitudes and Practice of Hand Washing with Soap among Mothers and Caregivers of Children under Five years in Ntungamo District, Uganda

Assessing Knowledge, Attitudes and Practice of Hand Washing with Soap among Mothers and Caregivers of Children under Five years in Ntungamo District, Uganda

HANDWASHING DETERMINANTS AND PRACTICES AMONG PUBLIC HEALTH STUDENTS IN THAILAND

Background: Handwashing is an effective way to reduce infectious disease transmission, but health care workers do not always follow hand hygiene guidelines. This research examines handwashing determinants using the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and handwashing practices for public health students in Thailand Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted to assess the handwashing antecedents and behaviors of students attending the Sirindhorn Colleges of Public Health. Volunteer participants (n = 120) completed self-administered structured questionnaires. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics to describe the basic characteristics of the collected data in the study. Results: TPB determinant scores were moderate to high (71% to 85%) and the mean handwashing knowledge score was 74% of the total scores. Handwashing practice rates before food preparation and consumption and after coughing or sneezing average less than 80%. Conclusion: SCPH students' attitudes toward handwashing are generally favorable and their handwashing rates are high, but they do not consistently adhere to handwashing protocols. Therefore, handwashing practice among SCPH students is room for improvement, with potential interventions targeting beliefs, social factors, and perceived barriers to handwashing.

Mothers' Handwashing Knowledge as a Predictor of Diarrheal Disease Among Under-Five Children Visiting Pediatric Ward in University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia, 2019.

BackgroundDiarrheal disease is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity among under-five children in the world and often results from contaminated food and water. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of diarrheal disease among under-five children visiting the pediatric ward in University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital and its association with their mothers’ handwashing knowledge.MethodsAn institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted from May to July 2019 among under-five children visiting the pediatric ward in University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. Chart review was undertaken using a data abstraction form. A simple random sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Data were entered using Epi Info version 7 and analyzed using STATA version 14.0. A binary logistic regression analysis was employed between dependent and independent variables to determine association. The statistical significance was declared at P<0.05.ResultsIn this study, the prevalence of diarrheal disease among under-five children visiting the pediatric ward in University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital was 30.09% (95% CI: (26%, 35%)). Age of mothers (AOR=3.72, 95% CI: (1.67, 8.28)), mothers’ educational status (AOR=0.44, 95% CI: (0.23, 0.80)), malnutrition (AOR=6.72, 95% CI: (3.44, 13.11)), and maternal knowledge of handwashing (AOR=0.49, 95% CI: (0.27, 0.90)) were factors associated with diarrheal disease among under-five children.ConclusionThe prevalence of diarrheal disease was higher in the current study, which is a major public health concern. Age of mothers, malnutrition, and mothers’ handwashing knowledge and educational status were significantly associated with diarrheal disease of under-five children. In order to reduce diarrheal disease and improve child health, attention should be given to improving mothers’ educational status and knowledge regarding handwashing.

Hand washing practices amongst mothers of under-fives in an urban slum

Background: Hand washing with soap is a cost-effective tool of disease prevention, but most of the time it is overlooked. Use of contaminated hands enhances transmission of germs into body causing ill-health. Mothers clean, prepare, serve and feed the food. If this is coupled with poor knowledge and practice of hand washing it increases risk to spread of diseases to self, other family members especially to under-fives. Present study was conducted to address this issue being a critical factor in disease prevention. The objective of the present study was to determine the knowledge and practices of hand washing amongst mothers of under-fives.Methods: Present cross sectional study was conducted at UHTC, field practice area of Community Medicine, GMC, Latur amongst mothers of under-fives visiting UHTC to avail health services. The data was collected in a predesigned, pretested questionnaire by interviewing them.Results: Out of 204 mothers, 38.24% were from the age group of 24-26 and majority i.e., 69.61% were housewives. 99.02% mothers were aware that unwashed hands can transmit the diseases. Most of the mothers told that clean hands reduces food and water contamination. Maximum i.e., 97.57% mothers washed hands before eating and 71.57% washed before cooking. All the mothers washed hands after visiting toilet. Most mothers used soap and water (85.3%) for hand washing. Significant numbers of mothers, under-fives and other members suffered from diarrhea in last six months (p&lt;0.05).Conclusions: Hand washing practices need to be followed at all critical moments for prevention of the faeco-oral infections.

Impact of hand hygiene knowledge on the hand hygiene compliance.

Aim Hand hygiene practice is still burdened by inadequate compliance, whether in the professional sphere by health professionals or in the non-professional sphere by lay population. Aim of this study was to map the hand hygiene knowledge and its compliance in the monitored group of people. Methods The research was conducted at the Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin of Comenius University in Bratislava (JFM CU) among seventy 3rd year students of General Medicine (medical study program), and Nursing, Midwifery and Public Health (non-medical study programs). Knowledge of hygienic hand washing according to the WHO guidelines from 2009 was investigated, as well as differences in the level of microbial contamination of hands after routine hand washing between the group that had been acquainted with hand hygiene protocols and the group that had not sufficiently. Results The results have shown that 32.9% of the students did not perform hygienic hand washing properly. The differences between the groups of students with and without the proper hand hygiene compliance in routine hand washing were not statistically significant. Conclusion The results of our survey have suggested that the reasons for decreased compliance with hand washing protocols may be related to forgetting to wash the hands or not being acquainted with hand washing protocols at all. The strategies focused only on one aspect of hand hygiene are, according to scientific literature, ineffective in the long term.

Pengetahuan dan Sikap Mencuci Tangan Yang Benar Menurut Kesehatan

Abstract: Knowledge and Attitude of Proper Handwashing According to Health. Getting used to wash hands with soap (CTPS) is the same as teaching children and all family members to live healthy early has an important role in relation to disease prevention, such as diseases of worms and can serve to reduce microorganisms in the hands. The purpose of this research was to know the application of PHBS about the knowledge and attitude of proper hand washing according to health in Elementary School Regency of Hulu Sungai Selatan. The research design was descriptive, cross sectional research design. Data coection used questionnaires that were filled directly by students. The population of the study were 110 students, the sampling using Proportional Random Sampling technique was obtained by 51 students. The results showed enough knowledge categories as many as 20 students (39.22%), less as many as 31 students (60.78%). Good attitude category as many as 39 students (76.47%), quite as many as 7 students (13,72%) and attitude which still less as much as 5 student (9.80%). The conclusion of the research of students' knowledge about proper hand washing according to health, has enough category, even more that still less, while student attitude has been included good category. It is advisable to make efforts to increase the knowledge through the extension method of Clean and Healthy Behavior (PHBS), especially hand washing properly according to the health routinely by school and related institution such as local health center.

HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP TERHADAP PERILAKU CUCI TANGAN PADA MASYARAKAT KELURAHAN PEGIRIAN

Implementing clean and healthy living behaviors is useful to prevent, cope and protect against disease threats and utilize quality health services, effective and efficient. Hand washing with soap is an indicator of clean and healthy living behavior. Washing hands with soap can prevent various diseases. One of them is diarrhea. The fingers can be the pathway for pathogens, bacteria or viruses that can cause diarrhea. Therefore, hand washing becomes one of effective and efficient prevention efforts to avoid the occurrence of disease. Purpose: This research has a purpose to know the relationship between knowledge and attitude towards hand washing action in RW III Pegirian Village Semampir District Surabaya. Methods: This research used descriptive method with Simple Random Sampling technique, samples of 84 respondents. The independent variables in this study consisted of knowledge of handwashing and attitude towards hand washing. The dependent variable in this research is hand washing action. The collected data were analyzed using spearman correlation test with the aim of knowing the relationship and strong relationship of research subjects. Results: The result of this research is the correlation between knowledge with hand washing with p value 0,009 with strong correlation with correlation coefficient 0,282. And there is a relationship between attitude to hand washing with hand washing result p value sebasar 0,017 and strong relationship is strong with correlation coefficient 0,271. Conclusion: There is a relationship between knowledge and attitudes with the act of hands washing and strong relationships are strong.

Impact of hand washing intervention program on knowledge, attitude and practices about hand hygiene among school children in urban area of Kolhapur city

Background: Good hand hygiene is an important infection control measure as person-to-person contact via hands is a common mode of transmission for gastrointestinal and respiratory infections. There are promising results of proper hand washing for reducing many kinds of diseases. For improvement of knowledge and practice of hand washing, health education intervention is very much fruitful. The objectives of the study were to study knowledge, attitude and practice regarding hand washing among primary school children; to study impact of hand washing intervention program on knowledge, attitude and practices about hand hygiene.Methods: The study was conducted from 1st March 2018 to 30th December 2018 in the government aided primary schools of urban area in Kolhapur. Initially baseline school health check-up was done to study knowledge, attitude and the actual hand washing practices both in school as well as at home among children. Extensive health education programs were conducted to demonstrate correct hand washing technique and importance of hand washing was taught; with involvement of teachers from schools. Data was collected using interview questionnaires. Hand washing facility and availability of water and soap in school was also noted. Teachers were actively involved to motivate students for hand washing with soap before eating and after visiting toilet facility. Follow up visits were done to study parameters like improvement in knowledge, attitude and practices about hand hygiene.Results: After our health education sessions there was significant improvement in knowledge, attitude and practices regarding hand washing among the school children.Conclusions: From our study findings it can be stated that after our health education sessions there was significant improvement in hand washing behaviour among the participants. We tried to sensitize teachers also so that they will motivate children in future.

An observational study to assess the knowledge and attitude of medical students regarding hand washing

Background: Hand hygiene is a milestone in the field of infectious disease control. Promotion of improved hand hygiene has been recognized as an important public health measure. Therefore hand washing is being promoted in various ways. This study has been conducted to assess the level of knowledge and attitude regarding hand hygiene practices amongst the medical students to identify areas of gaps in their knowledge, attitude and practices.Methods: This is a cross sectional study conducted among medical undergraduates of a private medical college in western Utter Pradesh. A pre tested questionnaire with multiple choice questions was used for collection of data.Results: A total of 246 MBBS students participated in the study out of which 50.4 % students were male and rest were female. 78.5% participants were belonging to the age group 19-21 years. Students have good knowledge of hand washing irrespective of their educational front.Conclusions: The results of our study are fairly good still a proper training program is required to generate awareness among the community. Maintenance of hand hygiene should be a part of our education system at primary level.

Associations Between Health Education, Hygiene Facilities, Handwashing Knowledge and Practice Related to Diarrheal Disease Prevention among Schoolchildren after Typhoid Outbreak in Rumphi District, Malawi: A Cross Sectional Survey

Typhoid fever is a global health challenge and burden. Crump, Luby [1] estimated that morbidity and mortality of typhoid fever were more than 21,650,000 and 216,000 respectively.

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Hand Washing among Mothers of Children 0-59 Months of Age in Lagos Nigeria

This study examined the knowledge, attitudes and practice of hand washing among mothers of children 0-59 months of age in Lagos Nigeria. The descriptive survey method was used to gather data for the study. The study was conducted in three local government areas of Lagos. The local government areas are Eti-Osa, Lagos Mainland and Alimosho. 934,886 female residents of the three local government areas formed the population of study while 406 respondents formed the sample size. Purposive sampling technique was used to select the respondents. The study found that 7 in 10 mothers of children 0-59 months of age had high exposure to the campaign about the danger of dirty hands (73.8%). About 6 in 10 of them similarly had high knowledge of the subject matter and as a result, mothers who were knowledgeable about hand washing practiced it. It concluded that has been a gap between recommendations on improving hand washing practice and actual actions on such recommendations. Hence, this study recommends that intervention efforts should address the infrastructure gaps that negatively impact on the availability of these hand washing-boosting factors, particularly, access to water, if improvement is to be achieved in terms of practice.

EFEKTIVITAS PENDIDIKAN KESEHATAN METODE DEMONSTRASI DAN METODE CERAMAH DENGAN MEDIA BOOKLET TERHADAP PERUBAHAN PENGETAHUAN DAN TINDAKAN MENCUCI TANGAN PADA ANAK PRASEKOLAH

Introduction. Lack of information in hand washing cause less attention to hand washing’s behavior in children. Hence, health education was needed. This study was aimed to analyze the effectiveness of health education using demonstration method and lecture method with booklet media to improve preschool’s hand washing knowledge and action. Methods. The population in this quasy experiment study were students B class at Flamboyan Platuk kindergarten, Surabaya in Mei 2012. The 28 respondents who met inclusion criteria were taken with simple random sampling technique and divided into demonstration group and lecture group with booklet media. The data were collected by using structured interview and observation, then were analyzed by wilcoxon signed rank test and mann whitney u test with signification value was a=0,05.Result and Analysis. The result showed an increase of preschool’s knowledge and action. Preschool’s knowledge and action in both of groups have scores less than 0,005. The Mann Whitney score revealed p= 0.319 for knowledge and p=0.000 for action. It means there was a significant difference in action of hand washing. Discussion and Conclution. The result showed that health education using demonstration method was more effective than the other. It is recommended for nurses to apply the demonstration method to providing health education especially in preschool’s hand washing. Further, research is suggested to measure preschool’s hand washing by using singing method.

Knowledge and Misconceptions regarding Hand Washing as Perceived by the Food Handlers in School Foodservice Operations

The rising issue of food borne diseases due to unhygienic food preparation is burgeoning in our society. The risk of food contamination largely depends on the hygiene practices of food handlers. However, previous studies had shown that hand hygiene practices is often neglected by the food handlers. This study sought to evaluate the perceived hand washing knowledge among food handlers with reference to the proper hand washing procedure as well as the knowledge on appropriate times to wash hands. The study sample is comprised of 146 food handlers who were selected by means of random cluster sampling. The questionnaire used was adapted from previous studies on hand washing. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Findings revealed that hand washing knowledge scores among food handlers were high where 84.9% respondents had good knowledge with score ≥ 70%, 14.4% respondents had satisfactory knowledge with score range of 50 to 69%. Only one respondent had a poor knowledge of hand washing (score below 50%). However, outcome from the study also indicated that there are some misconceptions concerning proper hand washing practices and appropriate times to wash hands. Thus, leads to a conclusion that although food handlers had knowledge of how and when to wash hands, some of them shows that they had a misconception of a certain facts on hand washing.

A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Child to Child Approach on Knowledge and Practices Regarding Hand Washing among the Primary School Children of a Selected School Faridkot, Punjab

Introduction: Hand washing is part of our life. Hands are the main cause for disease transmission. They spread vector infection from one person to another. Hand washing with soap (HWWS) is a simple and effective measure to prevent transmission of fecaloral disease and other infectious diseases in school-age children. There are over 10 million episodes of food related infection in a year but most of these are probably related to improper hand washing. Many of these deaths are easily preventable through simple practices such as hand washing with soap. Evidence suggests that improved hand washing can have a major impact on public health in any country and significantly reduce the two leading causes of childhood mortality. There is need to enhance the knowledge and practice skill of hand washing among school children. Aim of the Study: Aim is to assess the effectiveness of child to child approach on knowledge and practices regarding hand washing among the primary school children of a selected school of Faridkot, Punjab. Material and Method: A quantitative approach with one group pre test-post test research design was selected for the present study. With simple random sampling (100) school children from the 3rd,4th and 5th classes, selected the 10 students from the all study subjects. Then pre test of whole children were taken. After pre test, intervention was given to the selected 10 students about hand washing after that, post test was taken, and allowed the selected students to teach the other students about hand washing. Socio demographic data sheet and tool, structured knowledge interview performa and observational checklist were prepared to assess the effectiveness of child to child approach on knowledge and practices regarding hand washing. Results: The present study revealed that interventions i.e. child to child approach were helpful in improving hand washing knowledge and practices among primary school children, post test mean score of knowledge was 15.2 respectively which was significant at p value <0.05, similarly post test mean of hand washing practices was 10.41, which was significant at p <0.05 level. Conclusion: Child to child approach is an effective intervention to raise the level of knowledge and improve the practices of hand washing. After being instructed, primary school children taught each other and to their siblings, playmate, and friends at home. There is no or little need of any supervision.

Impact of a Hand Hygiene Curriculum and Group Handwashing Station at Two Primary Schools in East Africa.

Proper handwashing reduces the transmission of deadly, preventable diseases. Schools, even those with limited resources, have the power to promote handwashing through simple, effective interventions. This study evaluated the impact of a school-based handwashing program consisting of two interventions: a hand-hygiene curriculum and group handwashing station. Quantitative and open-ended pre/postintervention surveys were administered to students at one primary school in Kenya ( n = 38) and at one primary school in Uganda ( n = 57). Matching procedures were followed at each school. Paired ttests for pre/postsurveys demonstrated an increase in students' knowledge ( p < .001) and frequency of handwashing ( p < .001). After 6 months, students were still engaging in daily group handwashing. The curriculum increased knowledge, and the handwashing station enabled students to translate their knowledge into action. This study supports educational interventions combined with built environmental interventions should be used to promote handwashing behaviors and emphasizes the role of group handwashing stations.

Knowledge and Practices of Hand Washing among Health Professionals in Dubti Referral Hospital, Dubti, Afar, Northeast Ethiopia.

Introduction Nosocomial infections due to poor hand hygiene are a major cause of increasing morbidity, mortality, and health care costs among hospitalized patients worldwide. Hand hygiene is mandatory to prevent the transmission of health care associated infections especially where infectious diseases are common like Sub-Saharan Africa. Hand washing compliance among health professionals in general is unacceptably low especially in developing countries like Ethiopia. Method Institution-based cross-sectional study design was used to assess the knowledge and practice of hand washing among health professionals working in Dubti Referral Hospital. Structured self-administered pretested questionnaires were used. The data obtained were analyzed using SPSS version 23. Result Out of 91 respondents, majority, 60 (65.9%), of them were knowledgeable and 31 (34.1%) were not knowledgeable. However, the majority of health professionals, 51 (56.0%), had poor practice and 40 (43.0%) of them had good practice of hand washing. Conclusion Majority of health professionals were knowledgeable. However, they had poor practice of hand washing.

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Hand Hygiene among High School Students in Korea

The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors affecting hand hygiene practices among high school students. Data were collected from 373 students enrolled in three high schools in Busan, Korea through a self-report questionnaire survey conducted during September 10-24, 2017, and analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation and stepwise multiple regression. It is found that hand hygiene practices differed according to grades, economic status, subjective health status, soap use and length of hand washing time. A significant correlation was found between knowledge of hand washing and hand washing practices, and length of hand washing time, soap use, knowledge of hand washing, economic status and grades were predictors of hand washing compliance (R2=.195, p<.001).These findings indicate that there is a need of hand-washing education programs considering the characteristics of students, which should promote environments that encourage hand washing practices among high school students in Korea.

Effectiveness of Hygienic Hand Washing Training on Hand Washing Practices and Knowledge: A Nonrandomized Quasi-Experimental Design.

Nurses undertake important responsibilities in patient care and the prevention of hospital-acquired infections. However, adherence to hand hygiene practices among nurses has been reported to be low. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of hygienic hand washing training on hand washing practices and knowledge. The study design was a nonrandomized, quasi-experimental study, with pretest-posttest for one group. Pre- and postobservations were also conducted using an observation form on any 5 workdays to evaluate the effectiveness of hygienic hand washing training on hand washing practices. The study was conducted with 63 nurses working at a hospital in Istanbul. Hand Hygiene Knowledge Form scores after hygienic hand washing training were higher than the pretraining scores. The number of the nurses' hand hygiene actions after hand hygiene training increased significantly compared with that before training. The results indicate that training in proper hand washing techniques and hygienic hand washing practices positively affects the knowledge level of nurses and their hand washing behavior. J Contin Educ Nurs. 2018;49(8):360-371.

English

The burden of communicable diseases within developing countries is mainly influenced by poor personal hygiene practices Despite substantial evidence about the effectiveness of hand washing, especially using soap at all critical time, the practice is poor in developing countries including Ethiopia. The problem is not researched well on children who are major risk groups for diarrheal diseases, ARI and other hygiene related problems. To assess knowledge, attitude and practice of hand washing and associated factors among primary school children in Hosanna town, SNNPR, Ethiopia. Institution based cross sectional study was conducted with sample size of 246 students in Girma Bekele primary school in Hosanna town from April 15 -30/2016.Data was collected using interviewer administered pre tasted structured questionnaires by trained data collectors. From students participated in this study over all 167(69.9%) students have good and 72 (30.1%) have poor knowledge. Knowledge of students in this primary school is affected by grade of student and area of residence with (AOR, 95% CI 9.099(.587-.850) and (AOR.384; 95% CI (.114-.299)) respectively. Regarding the attitude of students 142(59.4%) and 97(40.6%) have good and poor attitude respectively. Overall 172(71.97%) of students have good practice and 67 (28.03%) have poor practice toward hand washing. Majority of the study subjects has adequate knowledge and about more than half of them have positive attitude. Overall practice of HW is good but utilization of soap and HW after toilet visit is low. Maternal educational status, area of residence, age, sex and grade of student are factors that affect KAP of school children toward hand washing with soap. Key words: Primary school children, hand washing, knowledge, attitude and practice, Ethiopia.