Hand Pump Research Articles

Analysis of complex fluid discharge from consumer dispensing bottles using rheology and flow visualization

Abstract Complex fluids, such as gels, shampoos, and creams, are ubiquitous in the consumer product industry. However, little information is available on their discharge from consumer packaging, often resulting in a considerable heel, i.e., the residual waste material after the discharge process is complete. Here, we used rheological analysis and particle image velocimetry (PIV) to investigate the discharge of rheologically different fluids from a dispensing bottle provided with a modified hand pump. The fluids were described in terms of rheological parameters established by fitting rheometric data with the Carreau equation. The effect of operational parameters was also studied, which included the dip tube diameter, suction pressure, and volumetric flow rate. The data were also analyzed in terms of the dimensionless region of interest (ROI), which captures the relative “high-velocity” region in the fluid during the discharge process and is measured directly using PIV. Both rheological and operational parameters affect the heel at the end of the discharge process. The results presented here enable predicting the heel either by measuring ROI as in the case of transparent fluids and packages or by making use of the heel correlation with operational and rheological parameters also established in this work.

Standard dilution analysis using an automatic sampler and a peristaltic pump stopping step for ICP-OES determinations

This work applies a semiautomated version of the standard dilution analysis calibration method (SDA) for the determination of Ba, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, V and Zn in several matrices (0.5 % m/v Ca, 0.6 % m/v Na, Vitamin Water, apple juice, red wine, and rum) by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). SDA utilizes only two calibration solutions: S1 is a mixture of 50% v/v sample and 50% v/v of a standard solution containing the analytes and an internal standard (IS1); S2 has a 1:1 mixture of sample and a blank solution containing a second internal standard (IS2). In the present study, S1 and S2 are mixed in the ICP-OES’s sample introduction tubing to create several calibration points on the fly. The SDA calibration process is semiautomated simply by creating an analysis sequence within the instrument’s software to move the automatic sampler from S1 to S2, while including a peristaltic pump stopping step between the two calibration tubes to prevent the formation of an air bubble. The semiautomated SDA method, which includes manual peristaltic pump stopping, provides precision corresponding to < 0.8% RSD, and LOD < 20 μg L-1 for all analytes, which is lower than values calculated for the traditional standard additions method (SA). Accuracy was evaluated by analyzing a reference material (EPA Water Pollution Standard 1) and by addition and recovery experiments (percent recoveries in the 96.3–109% range for all analytes evaluated). The SDA strategy provided comparable, and mostly superior accuracy when compared with the external standard (EC), internal standard (IS) and SA calibration methods applied to ICP-OES.

Hydrochemistry of drinking water sources and water purifiers in relation to epidemiological study in Hisar, North‐West India

AbstractThe concern related to the drinking of reverse osmosis (RO) water containing low levels of minerals is growing day by day. This study involves the analysis of water samples from various drinking water sources in a rural site, Mirchpur village, an Indus Valley civilization site (grid location: 29° 18′ 42.3″ N, 76° 10′ 33.0″ E) of Hisar, India, along with the health survey of human subjects. The hydrochemistry of water collected from hand pumps, river canals, tube wells, submersibles, and the RO systems installed in various homes was explored for pH, EC, TH, TDS, turbidity, cations (Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+), anions (CO32−, HCO3−, Cl−, SO42−, NO3−, F−), and elements (Fe, Pb, Se) employing the ion chromatography, flame photometry, and ICP‐AES techniques. Lead (Pb) and Selenium (Se) were detected in trace amounts (0.30–2.6 μg L−1; 0.10–4.1 μg L−1, respectively) in all the samples, including the samples collected from RO purifiers, but Iron (Fe) was not detected in RO samples even in trace amounts. The F‐levels in hand pump water (HPW) and submersible water (SW) (1.9 and 1.7 mg L−1, respectively) and TDS levels in SW (3048 mg L−1) were found to be above WHO and BIS safe limits. TDS levels in the river canal (900 mg L−1), tube well (1104 mg L−1), hand pump (1170 mg L−1), and submersible samples (3048 mg L−1) were found significantly higher as compared to the RO personal water (ROPW; 216 mg L−1) and RO supply water (ROSW; 90 mg L−1). The collected epidemiological data reveals that 21%, 19%, 13%, and 12% of natives reported skin, kidney, hair fall, liver, and stomach issues, respectively, suspecting the crucial role of high TDS and fluoride levels in the area. This study also provides a comparison between the quality of RO and the direct supply water, along with correlation matrices for different parameters, which gives a rationale for the limitations of drinking direct supply water without any purification and RO water containing low mineral content.

STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK OF GROUND WATER QUALITY FOR HEALTH CARE ALONG JINNAH ROAD GUJRANWALA CITY

The objective of the research was to investigate/assess the water quality standardaccording to WHO because the study area of research was a canal distributary of 32 cusec dischargefor the period of 25 years up to 1972 and thereafter sewage remained flowing period for 50 years. In2021 PHE Department converted to 42” Ø sewer pipe and polluted water Nallah up to Noshehra Roadand constructed a metaled road. The seepage water samples were collected and tested by the NoshehraRoad Laboratory. Accordingly, the results identified the water-borne diseases, metals, chemical,biological, fecal, and E-coli bacteria. It was therefore necessary to research the causes of diseases forthe safety of health care. Drinking water remedial measures were asked of Health Deptt and otherconcerned Authorities related to Gujranwala City. The quality of water was assessed by comparingWHO standards. The seepage water contaminated was obtained through hand pumps and dug wellsbefore Municipal water distribution through overhead reservoirs (OHR) duly chlorinated by PublicHealth Engg Department now WASA and the Municipal Corporation. There are certain industries,falling untreated effluents in drains, causing cancer and other fatal diseases, through agricultural foods,due to sullage water irrigating the vegetables, in the vicinity of subrubs area of the city.

Assessment of Groundwater Quality using Water Quality Index, and Geo-Spatial Tools

Groundwater is considered a significant component of valuable freshwater resources for the living beings living in the arid and semi-arid regions of Pakistan, factors such as climate change, landfill deposits, application of fertilizers and pesticides on agricultural lands, leakages from septic tanks, industrial effluents, and urbanization jeopardizing the groundwater quality that makes its timely assessment necessary for human survival to protect people from water-borne diseases. This research study was carried out to analyze the 13 physicochemical parameters in the 38 groundwater samples that were taken from nearby different locations of Akram, Pinyari, and Phuleli canal within the jurisdiction of district Hyderabad. 26 samples were taken from hand pumps, electric motors and 12 samples were taken from tube wells to investigate the variability in groundwater quality. The water quality index and kelly’s ratio, magnesium hazard, residual sodium carbonate, sodium absorption ratio, soluble sodium percentage, and permeability index were used to assess the suitability of groundwater for drinking, and agricultural purposes. The result of the study revealed that alkalinity, bicarbonates, carbonates, magnesium, PH, potassium, and sodium were within the permissible limit of WHO Standards in all the samples, while the concentration of calcium was crossing the permissible limit only in one sample. Moreover, the availability of Chloride (Cl) was found in 16 samples that were above the limit ranges from 274.9 to 2549, High concentration of EC was found in 14 samples than the permissible limit having values from 2212 to 8360 (P26), and Total Hardness (TH) were found only in 6 samples slightly high from the permissible limit ranges from 509 to 651, and TDS were present in excessive amounts than the allowable limit from 1100 to 4180 mg/l (P26) in 10 samples. Considering the Water Quality Index (WQI) it was observed that 8 sample falls in the good category, 2 samples in the poor category, 11 samples in the very poor category, and 17 samples in the unsuitable category of water quality.

MECHANICAL JOINTS IN ROLLED SCREW-THREADED REINFORCING BARS

Introduction. Russian manufacturers currently produce screw-threaded reinforcing bars (rebars) and couplers to join them. However, the application of such reinforcement in the construction industry is hindered by a high compliance in screw couplings.Aim: to assess the compliance of coupling joints reinforced with adhesives.Materials and methods. The study used Av500P screw-threaded rebars, couplers, as well as adhesive compounds containing a cement binder and epoxy resin. The compounds were injected into the coupling cavity by means of hand pumps, followed by their natural hardening. The tests were conducted using universal testing machines.Results. In terms of strength, yield, and delaminatability, the compounds were found to meet the required stress-strain properties of couplers. Recommendations for assembling joints are provided.Conclusions. The conducted studies show that Av500P screw-threaded rebars can be joined by means of couplers in construction.

Family Status and its Impacts on Livestock Management in Three Districts of Balkh Province

Background: Balkh is one of the strategic and high populated provinces in the north region of Afghanistan that has 14 districts which occupied 2.5% of the total land area of Afghanistan. Livestock is a dominant sector in the province; however, there is luck of knowledge and information in this regards. Materials and Methods: Primary data were collected from 44 households. The survey contained the questionnaires on family structure including the number of male, female and children per household and education status as well as the type and number of animals, animal diseases, quantity of milk production, source of income and water availability. Findings: Average number of the family member was higher in the Aziz Abad (11.2 persons), while Langar Khana had the lower family number (7 persons). Most of the children were educated in Poshti Bagh (85.1%) but only 27.3% of the children were educated in Dihdadi. There was none of the father and mother educated in Dihdadi. The most populated district was Poshti Bagh with 1400 family residence followed by Haji Kot (400) and Aziz Abad (320), respectively. The highest average number of dairy cattle per family and sheep per family belongs to Aziz Abad. Average number of layer chicken per family was 13.2, 7.5 and 2 in Dihdadi, Balkh and Nahri Shahi districts, respectively. Poshti Bagh had the highest milk production rate (9.8 kg/day) as compared to other villages. Foot and mouth diseases in cows, peste des petits ruminants (ovine rinderpest), parasite in sheep, and Newcastle in chicken are the most common diseases of livestock in the province. Source of drinking water in Poshti Bagh was deep well (20%) and river (80%), while people in Aziz Abad and Haji Kot used hand pumps. Conclusion: In Balkh province, livestock provides great opportunities to the upsurge of income and employment. The most of the dairy production comes from small-scale farms. To support the sustainability of small farms and livelihood in the villages, the supporters (NGOs or government) should focus more on families especially women skills related to livestock sector.

Decentralised treatment solutions for on-site faecal sludge: quantifying the removal efficiencies of two novel systems in an East African city

Faecal sludge was emptied from pit latrines by manual pumps and transported by a motorcycle to the faecal sludge treatment plant.

Аналіз конструктивних особливостей мініобприскувачів для невеликих фермерських господарств

The purpose of the study is to perform an analysis of the design characteristics and efficiency of various types of mini-sprayers in small areas of row crops and to form criteria by which a new self-propelled mini-sprayer with a rod stabilization system should be designed. An analysis of the efficiency of various types of mini-sprayers in small areas used for planting various crops in small farms was carried out. For the outlined areas of treatment of field crops (within 0.2 hectares), it was established that knapsack sprayers require a significant amount of physical labor of the operator: to move the mass of the sprayer with the working fluid, pumping with a manual pump (for the option without an electric pump), frequent refueling. In addition, manual movement of the rod cannot guarantee the uniformity of application of the working preparation over the entire area, especially with continuous application. For wheelbarrow sprayers, it is established that their mass is transferred to the chassis, but the operator must push it to move. If we talk about the inter-row of plants, then a furrow is formed in the loose soil, which greatly complicates the movement of such a sprayer. In addition, small ground clearance and unregulated furrow do not allow movement by inter-rows of row crops. In the option of using a hinged rod, it is difficult to maintain a constant speed of movement if the sprayer is moved manually. When using the mini energy tool, the same issues arise – a small clearance of the energy tool and the inability to adjust the furrow width. There is also no rod stabilization system. Hinged sprayers are more dependent on the parameters of the power supply chassis. Here, mainly, the same problems arise – limited adjustment of furrow width and fixed clearance, which narrows their use in certain phases of plant growth, when the ground clearance of the energy source is insufficient to avoid damaging plants during processing. In addition, the absence of a rod stabilization system can be seen. This leads to its oscillations, which are transmitted from the wheels of the energy store when moving by field irregularities, and this has an effect on the uniformity of the introduction of the operating solution and the resource of work. Regarding trailed mini-sprayers, it is possible to eliminate some of the described drawbacks in their designs, but their functionality is significantly limited by the parameters of the energy tools with which they are aggregated. To increase the efficiency of applying the operating solution to the treated areas, at least the simplest pendulum suspensions should be used to stabilize the rod. In order to improve the quality of application of the operating solution on the treated surfaces, universal use for processing various crops, including work in gardens, reducing the manual labor of the operator, etc., it is necessary to develop a self-propelled small-sized sprayer, analogues of which are not observed on the Ukrainian market. The following requirements are put forward to the developed design: self-moving (using an engine); the ability to change the furrow width using service mechanisms; have sufficient clearance or regulate it; the hinged rod must have a stabilization system and be adjustable in height of the installation; the pressure line must maintain a constant and controlled pressure of the operating solution; the developed model of a self-propelled sprayer should be affordable for the average agricultural producer in the subsistence farming. Taking into account these requirements and the implementation of the sprayer design in practice, we will get a highly efficient and competitive machine in the mini sprayer market.

DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF IOT BASED SOLAR POWERED BATTERY OPERATED SPRAY ROVER

A farm's spraying operation is crucial. Pesticides are sprayed on plants to protect them from insect assault. Farmers still use the old-fashioned hand pump method to spray insecticides on their crops. Although it's crucial to produce high-quality plants that yield more and to turn a healthy profit, we also care about farmer safety. Health problems are caused by these insecticides. In comparison to drones, it is less effective for longer distances and costs more, making it unaffordable for small-scale farmers. They participated manually and carried their sprayer for fertiliser on their shoulders. Farmers get health problems as a result of fertiliser inhalation while they are spraying. Farmers typically utilise a hand-operated spray pump or fuel for spraying. Due to the construction's excessive weight and practical impracticality in hell, the usual spraying results in injuries or weariness for the user. This inspires scientists to create and simulate a solar-powered spray machine. We provide our projects as a remedy for the aforementioned agricultural issues. Another goal of this design is to eliminate vibration while still employing a gasoline-operated spray pump, overcome handling-related casualties when performing spraying, and create an environmentally friendly spray machine by removing fuel. Farmers can spray pesticides at a fixed or adjustable height with the aid of an agricultural spray rover.

Physicochemical Analysis of Hand Pump Borehole Water obtained within Federal University Gashua (FUGA) Campus

Physicochemical Analysis of Hand Pump Borehole Water obtained within Federal University Gashua (FUGA) Campus

A Review on Assessment of Ground Water Quality in Bhosari MIDC Area, Pune

Abstract: Water is finite and essential resource for survival but as time passes availability of water resources getting lesser and the water quality is deteriorating due to its over exploitation. Water Quality is essential parameter to be studied before supply to human being. For Rural and Urban areas, ground water is the major source from which 94% of drinking water demand is met. The primary goal of the study was to identify the ground water quality and analyze the sustainability for drinking purpose. For the purpose around sample are taken from open well, bore well, hand pump in Bhosari MIDC area.

INTERPRETATION OF HIGH RESOLUTION AEROMAGNETIC AND LAND SATELLITE IMAGE OVER PART OF THE NORTH-CENTRAL BASEMENT COMPLEX: IMPLICATION FOR GROUNDWATER EXPLORATION

Considering the significance of groundwater to population growth, this study interprets high resolution aeromagnetic and land satellite imagery data to explore prospective areas for groundwater occurrence in part of the north-central Basement Complex of Nigeria. The study area lies between longitudes 5030' – 7000' E and latitudes 9030' – 10030' N. To achieve this objective, high resolution aeromagnetic data covering the study area was subjected to magnetic residual separation and analytical signal using Oasis Montaj version 8.4. The Land satellite imagery data was also subjected to false colour composite analysis using ILWISversion 3.3 software. Combination of this analysis aided in mapping of lineaments within the study area. Result of lineaments mapping from analytical signal and land satellite images shows high density lineaments around Wushishi, Zungeru, Tegina Kagara, Pandogari, Alawa, Gurmana and low density lineaments around Bobi, Kuta, Guni, Minna, Tenenge. These lineaments having a dominant trend in the NE-SW and NW-SE, E-W minor directions were interpreted as joints, veins, faults, foliations and lineation of outcrops. Field studies in Tegina, Zungeru and Wushishi falling within areas with high lineament density revealed good groundwater yield from motorized pumps, hand pumps and hand dug wells. This is contrary to what was observed in Gidan Gwari an area attributed to low lineament density where only one hand bore hole out of the seven drilled boreholes was productive.

Development of Multi-Purpose Mechanical Pump for Refilling and Recovering Liquid Form of an Auto Engine

In the automotive sector, lubrications, fuels, engine oils and other liquids are very essential for the different parts of an auto to function properly. In feeding those engines they always use a funnel that consumes time in using it and there is always spillage. The other one is a pump that is powered by electricity. This pump is expensive for the purpose of just feeding and draining. In the draining process, the used oil cannot be used again for other purposes. Due to this problem the researchers find ways to make some innovations in the multi-purpose mechanical pump. This project functions like a small hydraulic pump but the difference between these two is that the Multi-Purpose Mechanical pump functions without using electric power or electricity. It can be used for recovering oils because of the oil filter and feed liquid forms inside the differential and transmission. The different parts of the mechanical pump are made up of scrap materials. When the shaft rotating wheel rotated clockwise the mechanical source converted into hydraulic energy. It generates flow with enough rotating power to overcome pressure induced by the load at the container and pump out to the outlet/inlet hose. Then when it is rotated counterclockwise the MPMP will serve as recovery. A full factorial design of the experiment is selected for experimental planning and the analysis of variance (ANOVA) has been employed and Based from the results and observation gathered. The researcher found out that the Multi-Purpose Mechanical Pump is an effective manual mechanical pump.

Evaluating the impact of Nalla Lai contamination on drinking quality of groundwater in Rawalpindi city, Pakistan

Abstract The scientific report assessed the impact of Nalla Lai wastewater on the groundwater quality of Rawalpindi city, Pakistan. A total of 19 wastewater and 49 groundwater samples were collected during September and October 2016 and have been analyzed in the laboratory to detect different water quality parameters. The results revealed that BOD (biological oxygen demand), COD (chemical oxygen demand), iron, and cadmium values in many wastewater samples were beyond the recommended value of the National Environmental Quality Standards 1997 (NEQs, 1997). In groundwater samples, the results of iron, cadmium, manganese, zinc, TDS (total dissolved solids), pH, color, and hardness were found elevated from the standard values in one or more samples as compared with the National Standard for Drinking Water Quality, 2010 (NSDWQ, 2010). The decreasing metal concentration order in groundwater samples was iron &amp;gt; zinc &amp;gt; manganese &amp;gt; copper &amp;gt; cadmium. Very interestingly, hardness was found at elevated levels in 75% of investigated groundwater samples. Microbiological contamination was detected in 83% of the analyzed groundwater samples. The study revealed the percolation of heavy metals and microbial contamination in the bore water, tube wells, hand pumps, springs, and hand-dug wells located nearby the Nalla Lai wastewater stream.

Estimating the Global Target Market for Passive Chlorination

Deploying passive (in-line) chlorinators is one strategy for improving access to microbially safe drinking water without requiring electricity or daily user input. Using Joint Monitoring Programme data, we calculate the population in low- and middle-income countries (n = 135 LMICs) using drinking water sources that are compatible (piped water and kiosks) or potentially compatible (packaged and/or delivered water, rainwater, boreholes and/or tube wells, and protected springs) with passive chlorinators. Leveraging water quality data from the Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (n = 37 LMICs), we estimate that 2.32 [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.19, 2.46] billion people use microbially contaminated water sources that are compatible [1.51 (1.42, 1.60) billion] or potentially compatible [817 (776, 858) million] with passive chlorinators. The largest target market for passive chlorinators is in South Asia [551 (532, 571) million rural users and 401 (384, 417) million urban users], where >77% of compatible drinking water sources are contaminated. However, self-reported household water treatment practices (n = 54 LMICs) indicate that chlorination is more common in the African and Latin American regions, suggesting passive chlorination would have higher acceptance in these regions than in Asia. Reaching the full potential of passive chlorinators will require establishing compatability of technologies with hand pump chlorination and identifying financially viable implementation models.

Design and development of agricultural spraying system

The majority of the sprayer pumps available in the current market are back-mounted, hand pumps that are used to spray pesticides. Although tractor-mounted sprayers are presently available on market are seen to use 10 sets of nozzles to spray the pesticide is very demanding on pesticide consumption leading to pesticide wastage, and subsequent soil and water pollution. This paper focused on the development of an agriculture sprayer with an appropriate pesticide application mechanism that would apply the pesticide directly to the plant foliage, and fruits with minimal wastage thereby making effective pest control and so also reducing pesticide consumption which will aid to reduce spraying cost per acre and more importantly reduce the probability of soil and water pollution. Oscillating Nozzle Agriculture Sprayer is an innovative solution to the above-mentioned problem where four nozzles with oscillating action cover maximum plant foliage area, with effect reach, application of Italian nozzles adds to proper atomization of spray and effective application is attained through the combination of the nozzle and oscillating arm action. The system has been designed, manufactured, and tested in actual conditions. Field test results showed that the cost of spray saved annually is around 25–30% of the pesticide cost for existing tractor-mount spraying mechanisms.

Water quality and burden of jaundice with drinking water sources: a study from Haryana, India

Background: Both anthropogenic and natural processes contribute to the contamination of freshwater sources. In developing countries like India, contaminated drinking water is a source of many diseases. Among anthropogenic factors, industries are an important contributing factor to water pollution. Hence, it is important to analyse water quality and investigate the prevalence of jaundice with different drinking water sources.Methods: A cross-sectional health survey was conducted in Faridabad. A total of 688 people were randomly selected using convenient sampling, with consumers from all four types of water sources i.e., surface, hand pump, wells, and municipal water. Water samples were analysed for various physio-chemical parameters to understand water quality. The impact of this water pollution on the health of candidates was assessed using a pretested semi-structured questionnaire. The outcome variables like jaundice were considered to see if an association with the drinking water source was present.Results: Most of the water parameters were within acceptable ranges set by WHO except total dissolved solids (TDS). Majority of subjects who reported jaundice were consuming water from municipal source. Jaundice was found to be statistically significant with p&lt;0.05.Conclusions: The results show that there is significant water pollution present in Faridabad. The possible explanation for the high prevalence of symptoms among those using municipal water is likely because of contamination with sewage lines. This may be the result of old, rusted pipelines lying close to sewer lines. This calls for an urgent intervention by the authorities.

Hydrogeochemical processes, mobilization controls, soil-water-plant-rock fractionation and origin of fluoride around a hot spring affected tropical monsoonal belt of eastern Odisha, India

Fluorosis, poor crop yield, and degraded soil fertility due to excess fluoride are mostly associated with igneous exposures and fertilizer use. Geochemical, petrographic, microprobe and mineralogical examinations revealed thermal spring origin of fluoride (up to 15.8 mg L−1) affecting agriculture and public health in eastern India. No fluoride was detected in plant leaves and exposed charnockite, but nearby soils and siderite precipitates are enriched in fluoride up to 3.4 g kg−1. Both geogenic hot spring and fertilizer origin are proposed with fluorosis severity found to be closer to the hot spring where the stream, pond, and well enrichments might have resulted upon mixing with high F− hot spring water. The pond, stream, bore well, hand pump, well and hot spring water in the region are mostly fresh water (dissolved solids <1000 mg L−1) and hard to very hard in nature with a pH of 5.7–9.7 and a temperature of 23–55 °C. Major water is of NaCl type with minor components of mixed CaMgCl, CaHCO3 and CaCl types enriched in the order Na+>Ca2+≈Mg2+>K+>Si4+>FeT > Al3+ and Cl−> HCO3− > NO3− > SO42−> PO43−. Stream, pond, and bore well waters exhibit better suitability for irrigation use compared to hot spring and well waters, while all the studied water resources are of poor to unsuitable quality for human consumption. Carbonate weathering dominated silicate weathering processes for the stream, pond, and bore well water, while the latter was for hot spring and well water. Reverse ion exchange is the major process that prevailed in the region where rock-water interaction and evaporation governed the regional hydrochemistry. Fluoride mobilization is favored under alkaline conditions and enhanced by competitive anions in the order NO3− > SO42−> PO43−. Acidic rainwater does not favor fluoride release from soil, and F-containing siderite is prone to release fluoride under ambient conditions.

The Relationship between Psychological Stress with Breastfeeding Frequency and Breastmilk Volume during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Breastfeeding mothers have limited access to healthcare facilities during the pandemic, thus raising their risk of psychological stress. This study aimed to analyze the correlation between psychological stress with breastfeeding frequency and breastmilk volume. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 120 exclusively breastfeeding mothers. The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) was employed as a stress assessment indicator measuring tool. The measurement of breastmilk volume was performed using a manual breast pump two hours before or after the baby suckles to restore milk production. The frequency of breastfeeding was calculated by adding up the number of times the baby is breastfed in a day. The chi-square test was used in this study. It was found that 68 respondents (56.7%) reported experiencing mild to moderate stress. Stress levels were found to have a significant connection with breastfeeding frequency and breastmilk volume (p &lt; 0.05). The respondents who experienced severe stress have a 2.63-times higher risk for breastfeeding &lt;8 times/day and 33.2 times higher risk of producing breast milk &lt;100cc than respondents who experienced mild-moderate stress. Concerns about the psychological stress of breastfeeding mothers highlight the critical need for good mental health and broader help from families during the pandemic.