Hand In Glove Research Articles

Transformation and Trouble: Crime, Justice, and Participation in Democratic South Africa. By Diana Gordon. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2006. Pp. 400. $75.00 cloth; $27.95 paper.

Transformation and Trouble: Crime, Justice, and Participation in Democratic South Africa. By Diana Gordon. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2006. Pp. 400. $75.00 cloth; $27.95 paper. Reviewed by Heinz Klug, University of Wisconsin Diana Gordon's book is an extraordinary treatment of one of most pressing issues facing a democratic South Africa-a high and seemingly uncontrollable level of crime. As Gordon demonstrates, post-apartheid wave is closely tied to South Africa's democratic transition and legacies of apartheid-socioeconomic and criminological. Her book ably presents histories of pre-apartheid and apartheid and traces bitter fruits this history has bequeathed new South Africa (pp. 83-110). At same time, Gordon does not simply blame structural violence of apartheid. Rather, book recognizes challenges facing democratic government while explaining and critiquing many of choices that have been made in repeated attempts to reduce rate in time since South Africa's first democratic election. While generally critical of government's efforts, particularly in its failure to embrace opportunities of public participation and accountability inherent in community policing, Gordon also highlights enormous changes that have taken place. First, police have been transformed from a paramilitary organization whose main purpose was to defend apartheid state into a more professional organization whose behavior has changed dramatically even if some of old ways of thinking about police work have been slow to change (pp. 140-8). Second, public order policing has, as a result of both policy change and professional leadership, been reoriented toward an understanding of role police must play in protecting public, including those who are exercising their constitutional rights to assemble and demonstrate, rather than merely defending political order of day (pp. 146-7). At same time, Gordon questions emphasis on a depoliticized professionalization, arguing that liberal promise of new constitution will only be achieved through a repoliticization that highlights role of police in protection of rights. One of most important contributions Gordon makes is her use of a comparative perspective to reflect on attempts to introduce what she terms public-empowering into South Africa's democratic transition. The idea of public-empowered justice reflects an engagement between public and official institutions that ties advocacy and service provision in a way that both empowers public participation and transforms the roles of criminal justice operatives to a community orientation(p. 196). Turning to South African experience, Gordon demonstrates continuing tension between various efforts to promote citizen participation in public ordering (p. 214) and reluctance of new government to provide adequate resources to ensure that these new mechanisms are not merely co-opted by police, a problem that she argues is exacerbated by degree of central control that new government has continued to assert in fields of criminal law and justice. Although Gordon recognizes that addressing broader problems of in South Africa will not be simply a matter of enhanced policing capacity or local control, she offers a stinging critique of new government's embrace of tough on crime politics that has come hand in glove with a neoliberal market orientation in government policies. …

Law in the Colonial South

Who governed? And by what warrant did governors rule? The English who founded Jamestown in 1607, along with every other European who colonized the southern portions of North America, con fronted those fundamental questions whenever founder and settler alike wrestled with ways of devising Just for the happy guiding and governing of the people there inhabiting.1 This quest for Just laws fits hand in glove with the creation of entire legal architectures that gave figure and adornment to the provincial societies that sprang up between the 1560s and the 1750s from the Chesapeake Bay to Florida and the Gulf Coast. Those designs, their differences from colony to colony, the inspirations that undergirded them, the way they worked? in short, the manner of their fashioning and by whom?were prominent features in the South's beginnings, but they are obscure subjects.2 What accounts for the obscurity? To explain it, some might point to the impositions of a documentary record thinned by losses from neglect and war and whose mastery demands adeptness with earlier forms of English, French, and Spanish; antique handwriting; and command of an arcane nomenclature of ancient legal vocabularies. There is no gainsaying that such evidentiary impedimenta pose formidable ob stacles, although they have never proved much of a deterrent to deter mined researchers. The existing historiography testifies as much. Mulling it over and reflecting upon its creators suggest how legal history grew into a field of southern studies and why it continues to stand in need of tending.

The Origins of Diversity: Darwin's Conditions and Epigenetic Variations

This short history of evolutionary thought during the last few centuries describes how some of our foremost thinkers have debated--and still do--the precise mechanisms at the roots of evolutionary change. Commentators frequently contradicted themselves, as well as each other. The popularity of Christian fundamentalism waned following the World Wars. Eventually the rug was pulled from beneath it--till a more recent reaction. Amidst all this babble coming from numerous towers of Babel over centuries, we failed to see Charles Darwin as the great environmentalist: who said environmental conditions, whilst working hand in glove with natural selection, constituted the more important 'law'. A bird's eye view of 18th and 19th century evolutionary thought is considered against the climate of those times (politics, industrial revolution, trade, religious expansionism, etc). Darwinism superseded Lamarckism helped by the neo-Darwinism of Weismann, higher mathematics, population genetics--the 'Modern Synthesis' of 1935--culminating in the discovery of the double helix by Watson, Crick et al, assuring us of the correctness of 'primacy of DNA theory'. Stimulation and challenge is currently fuelled by exciting nascent knowledge of epigenetic variations and Cairnsian 'adaptive mutations'. The work of Marcus Pembrey and Barry Keverne tracking human and animal variation back generationally describing how 'genomic imprinting' causes reversible heritable change from slight variations in the chromosomes of parents, grandparents, great-grandparents and parents to be. The purpose of this thesis is to put forward a new theme proposed neither by Lamarck or Darwin. We stand on the threshold of the first paradigm change for 150 years.

Hand in Glove: Reflections on a performed costume exhibition and the stories behind the garments

Abstract This article details a conversation with seminal choreographer Lea Anderson, following her performed exhibition, Hand in Glove, which was staged at the V&A Museum, London, in April 2016. Hand in Glove featured over 300 costumes and accessories from the archives of Anderson’s two renowned contemporary dance companies, The Cholmondeleys and The Featherstonehaughs. These companies played a prominent role in the evolution of British contemporary dance from the 1980s until their dissolution in 2011. Costume and design have long been utilized as transformative elements within Anderson’s work, giving rise to characteristic intertextual layering, blurring of boundaries and the destabilization of hetero-normative representations of the dancing body. Hand in Glove occupied the Raphael Gallery at the V&A from 22 to 24 April 2016 with vignettes from ten of Anderson’s works performed by students from London Contemporary Dance School. The conversation with Anderson outlines the process involved in the mounting of Hand in Glove alongside accounts of her early works, and the influence which design and costume exert in her choreography. Anderson describes her collaborations with designers, in particular Sandy Powell and Simon Vincenzi, and the ways in which her work with costume has evolved over time. Reflections on the implications of the exhibition itself (as a rare opportunity to view costumes performed live within a gallery space) are thus placed within the wider context of her choreographic practice and visual influences.

Vision: Attending the Invisible

In everyday vision, attention and awareness are hand in glove and almost impossible to tell apart. Recent work has exploited more contrived situations that allow these psychologically defined processes to be dissociated, providing insights into their respective neurophysiological correlates.

IT SECURITY IN BIOMEDICAL IMAGING INFORMATICS: THE HIDDEN VULNERABILITY

The convergence of biomedical instruments and computing platforms has resulted in medical imaging equipment being subjected to the threats of malicious software (Malware) which have traditionally plagued the computing industry. Vulnerabilities increase several-fold with implementations of Clinical Information Systems like the Picture Archival & Communication Systems (PACS), where computer-based biomedical equipment work hand in glove with computer servers. With the increasing complexity of modern Malware, proactive monitoring and reviews of known vulnerabilities are no longer sufficient. An institute faced with an IT security attack on their medical networks will still experience extended downtime, performance degradation and increased service costs, even if equipped with an adequate security system and recovery plans. Biomedical equipment vendors usually need more time than computing vendors to validate the security updates required for vulnerabilities before they can recommend changes for installation to their systems. This includes all system changes, patches, updates, and enhancements. However, the interval between the launch of a new Malware attack and the availability of a solution from the vendor can result in the medical network being compromised and rendered totally crippled. In view of such new challenges, it is crucial to redesign your medical network and operating procedures to ensure continuous operation with minimum performance degradation even under a Malware attack until the biomedical equipment vendor can provide the software updates to resolve security vulnerabilities. Such strategic implementation is not only necessary to ensure integrity and confidentiality of patient's data but also to protect the healthcare institute's reputation and business continuity.

Foreign Exchange Interventions and Interest Rate Policy in the Czech Republic: Hand in Glove?

This paper studies the impact of daily official foreign exchange interventions on the Czech koruna's exchange rate vis-a-vis the euro (the German mark prior to 1999) from 1997 to 2002. Both the event study methodology, extended with official interest rate moves, and a variety of GARCH models reveal that central bank interventions, especially koruna purchases, seem to have been relatively ineffective from 1997 to mid-1998 compared to the size of the interventions. From mid-1998 to 2002, however, koruna sales turn out to be effective in smoothing the path of the exchange rate up to 60 days. Nevertheless, the event study approach indicates that the success of FX interventions may be intimately related to the coordination of intervention and interest rate policies.

Foreign exchange interventions and interest rate policy in the Czech Republic: Hand in glove?

This paper studies the impact of daily official FX interventions on the Czech koruna's exchange rate vis-à-vis the euro (the German mark) from 1997 to 2002. Both the event study methodology extended with official interest rate moves and a variety of GARCH models reveal that FX interventions, especially koruna purchases, were relatively ineffective from 1997 to mid-1998. From mid-1998 to 2002, however, koruna sales turned out to be effective in smoothing the path of the exchange rate for up to 60 days. Nevertheless, the event study approach also indicates that the success of FX interventions depends crucially on the coordination of intervention and interest rate policies.

I Don't Care If I Never Get Back...: A Baseball History Tour

I Don’t Care If I Never Get Back…A Baseball History Tour Chris Epting (bio) The baseball road trip has become something of a national obsession it seems. Visiting ballparks, chasing after favorite teams—whatever the main passion, there is something about the road and baseball that simply goes hand in hand. Or hand in glove. I love that the concept of a baseball road trip has taken off like it has, as it has allowed me to focus on a personal mission and actually share it with an active audience. My passion is discovering and uncovering the nooks and back roads where baseball history took place, including former ballpark sites, shrines, museums, plaques, statues, and the like. Ever since I was young, playing baseball and growing up in the early 1970s, I always wondered as I stared at ancient baseball photos: Can I go stand where the Polo Grounds used to be? What about Ebbets Field? As I got older I began visiting places around the country, and little by little I was able to put together the book I always wanted to write: Roadside Baseball. And now, if I may, I'd like to take you on a tour of what I consider to be some of the most interesting and historic baseball places in the land, the spots I believe every true baseball fan is better for visiting. Ready? Grab your mitts and let's go . . . The Birth of Baseball? Elysian Fields (former site) Corner of 11th and Washington Streets Hoboken, New Jersey It's a fact that Frank Sinatra was born in Hoboken . . . but was baseball too? Perhaps. We know that several games similar to baseball had been played in Europe and the United States as far back as the 1600s, but it wasn't until the 1800s that baseball's closer cousin, "town ball," began to take shape. Certain facts are clear. In 1842 several men, including Alexander Cartwright and Daniel "Doc" Adams, began drafting rules for a game called "baseball." In 1845 they [End Page 136] formed the first actual baseball "club," the Knickerbocker Baseball Club, and adopted twenty rules not previously included in earlier editions of the game, including three strikes per batter, three outs per inning, tags and force-outs in lieu of trying to hit the batter with the ball, and the inclusion of an umpire. On June 19, 1846, the Knickerbocker Baseball Club, under these new rules, played the first ever organized game versus the New York Nine. With Cartwright umping, the Knickerbockers lost the four-inning game, 23–1. Soon after, using these rules, the sport caught on. In 1869 the first professional team, the Cincinnati Red Stockings, were formed, and in 1871 the first nationwide professional league was founded. Was this the first game ever, the so-called birth of baseball? It's hard to say for sure. But until something displaces the seminal games that took place in Hoboken, it is hard to dispute. Doubleday Field The Baseball Hall of Fame 25 Main Street Cooperstown, New York 607-547-7200 It almost doesn't matter that Abner Doubleday was probably nowhere near Cooperstown during that famous summer of 1839 when he allegedly laid out the first baseball diamond and limited the number of players per side to nine. Enough baseball has been played on this field now to give it a unique history, Doubleday or no Doubleday. Here on the "mythical" birthplace of baseball, a former cow pasture called Phinney's Farm, two pro baseball games are played during each annual Baseball Hall of Fame induction weekend: the Hall of Fame game and the Hall of Fame Weekend New York–Penn League game, hosted by the Oneonta Tigers, who normally play their home games at nearby Damaschke Field. Huntington Avenue Grounds (former site) Original location: Left field (NW), Huntington Avenue; third base (SW), Bryant (Rogers) Street, now Forsyth Street; first base (SE) New Gravelly Point and New York, New Haven, and Hartford Railroad tracks; right field (NE), New Gravelly Point Northeastern University Boston, Massachusetts 617-373-2211 Before the 1912 opening of Fenway Park in Boston, Huntington Avenue Grounds was home to the Boston Red Sox...

A Line of Sight: American Avant-Garde Film since 1965, and: The Most Typical Avant-Garde: History and Geography of Minor Cinemas in Los Angeles (review)

Reviewed by: A Line of Sight: American Avant-Garde Film since 1965, and: The Most Typical Avant-Garde: History and Geography of Minor Cinemas in Los Angeles Jan-Christopher Horak (bio) A Line of Sight: American Avant-Garde Film since 1965 by Paul ArthurUniversity of Minnesota Press, 2005 The Most Typical Avant-Garde: History and Geography of Minor Cinemas in Los Angeles by David E. JamesUniversity of California Press, 2005 Until recently, the history of American avant-garde cinema was written by critics who were often filmmakers themselves or polemicists for the avant-garde, so that their historical narratives were imbricated with other agendas. Descriptions and analyses of avant-garde films went hand in hand with valorizing specific filmmakers. Given the focus on individual works, most histories eschewed discussions of cultural contexts or theoretical frameworks in favor of enlightened connoisseurship. Unanswered were questions of how various avant-garde movements were constituted through institutional networks, historical ruptures, and continuities. As I noted in Lovers of Cinema, "Avant-garde film movements can only be historically circumscribed if they are constituted in terms of production, distribution, exhibition, and reception. Their role in the history of cinema should not only be gauged according to their individual aesthetic achievements, but also in terms of the myriad contexts of their institutional frameworks and reception."1 The two new books reviewed here are very different, but both are informed by similar concerns for establishing historical contexts. While Arthur's monograph is a collection of essays focusing on a more narrowly defined modernist film avant-garde in America, organized according to a rough chronology from the 1960s to the present, James's history of alternative film production [End Page 142] in Los Angeles over the past ninety years is a monumental work of historical synthesis that seeks to place Los Angeles beside San Francisco and New York as a center of avant-garde practice. Originally published between 1982 and 2003 and reworked for the present volume, Paul Arthur's essays chronicle the American avant-garde's checkered trajectory through the past forty years. As both an acute observer and critic and a participant in the avant-garde—he has been closely associated with Millennium Film Journal—Arthur writes both from within the movement and from outside it, being also an academic film historian. His book's title, then, refers both to the internal vision of the filmmakers as constituted in aesthetic artifacts and to the external vision of the audience and its construction. While each chapter can stand alone, Arthur notes continuities in his introduction: "the legacy of sixties counterculture; uses and theoretical implications of found footage; the allegorizing of technology; intersections of personal and social histories; the philosophical schism between poetic, expressive tropes and structural film's anti-subjective, rationalist basis" (xiii). Arthur's first chapter focuses on Jonas Mekas while discussing the rise of what was then called new American cinema in the context of the burgeoning 1960s counterculture, seeing in the culture at large the very same elements of incompleteness, fragmentation, and presentness in Mekas's diary films and exhibition/distribution projects. Quoting Mekas's dictum, "The policy of NO POLICY is also a policy," Arthur sees the sense of improvisation, of going with the flow, of staying independent by never tying yourself down as key to both the success and weakness of the times. An intense distrust of language went hand in glove with the lack of definitions, because language could be used by the ruling class to control. In chapters 2 and 3, then, the urge to capture the moment is explicated in terms of film portraiture and cityscapes, respectively. While the work of Andy Warhol (Eat, Henry Geldzahler) serves as an example of portraiture, Arthur next discusses numerous city symphonies from Shirley Clarke's Bridges-Go-Round to Hollis Frampton's Zorns Lemma to Ernie Gehr's Signal—Germany on the Air. Common to all these projects is a radical subjectivity that insisted on the primacy of aesthetics and formal experimentation over politics. In the 1970s, then, the American avant-garde turned away from its "desire to exist outside history" by embracing what Foucault has called "the archive." Influenced as much by...

The merging of further education and training colleges: challenging factors in three provinces of South Africa

The workplace of today is characterized by global competition, cultural diversity, technological and management processes that require people to think critically, solve problems and communicate effectively. This requires a well-founded Further Education and Training system. The researchers have indicated that the provision of vocational training under apartheid, that is, prior to 1994, was characterized by unequal access to learning opportunities based on the vestiges of legal, financial and other distinctions between formerly advantaged and disadvantaged institutions (Department of Education 2001, 9). The National Department of Education decided to merge the above institutions in attempt to remove the aforementioned vestiges. Education systems do not, however, just change because there is a change in the government, but the existing structures and vested interests, material constraints and the interplay of competing ideologies do warrant changes in education systems (McGregor and McGregor 1992, 17). At the same time, education transformation goes hand in glove with political transformation as a result of the shift in the balance of political power (African National Congress 1994, 3). However, education is a fundamental process, which can be expected to reflect the values, principles and practices of a new democratic dispensation at all levels and in all sectors (Nkoe 2002, 129). The article purports to investigate the perceptions of stakeholders on the merging of the Further Education and Training (FET) colleges in bringing about transformation of the South African FET sector. The reform of the FET colleges, which resulted in the formation of the new FET institutional landscape, is seen as a means to address and fulfil the aspirations of the democratic society as set in the preambles of the new legislation, namely, the Further Education and Training Act 98 of 1998, the Skills Development Act 97 of 1998, the South African Qualification Authority Act 57 of 1995 and the Employment Equity Act 55 of 1998. In order to achieve this, the legislation will be examined and the perceptions of the FET colleges' stakeholders will be explored to help achieve this objective.

Democracy of Emotion

Democracy of Emotion

The Politics and Spectacle of Fashion and Femininity

Sarah Berry. Screen Style: Fashion and Femininity in 1930s Hollywood. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2000. xxiv + 235 pp.; ill. ISBN 0-8166-3312-6 (cl); 0-8166-3313-4 (pb). Cheryl Buckley and Hilary Fawcett. Fashioning the Feminine: Representation and Women's Fashion from the Fin de Siècle to the Present. London: I. B. Tauris Publishers, 2002. xi +164 pp.; ill. ISBN 1-86064-605-2 (pb). Gilles Lipovetsky. The Empire of Fashion: Dressing Modern Democracy, trans. Catherine Porter. With a Foreword by Richard Sennet. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1994. x + 276 pp. ISBN 0-691-10262-7 (pb). Wendy Parkins, ed. Fashioning the Body Politic: Dress, Gender, Citizenship. Oxford: Berg, 2002. xi + 260 pp.; ill. ISBN l-85973-5827 (cl); 1-85973-8 (pb). As the four books under review testify, fashion history no longer resides in the realm of art or design studies (although each of these works refers to earlier works on individual designers and innovative styles). The Empire of Fashion, Fashioning the Body Politic, Fashioning the Feminine, and Screen Style link the apparently ephemeral and frivolous subject of fashion (especially, although not exclusively, ladies' clothing) to admittedly long-term and serious developments such as democratization, modernization, and class and gender formation. Perhaps as a consequence of this connection to certifiably "important" developments, these authors eschew the often-impenetrable theoretical deliberations of many fashion researchers determined to rescue their field from the margins of academic respectability, deliberations that actually discourage many historians from reading and benefiting from recent scholarly writing on fashion. Gilles Lipovetsky, a French scholar whose 1987 work on fashion was first translated into English in 1994, takes the broadest perspective on the political implications of fashion. A revisionist when he wrote The Empire of Fashion, he contends that fashion, defined as "a specific form of social change, independent of any particular object" (although historically "embodied" in clothing) was "a primary agent of the spiraling movement toward individualism and the consolidation of liberal societies" (5, 16). Fashion promotes modernity, defined primarily as freedom from tradition and [End Page 192] valuing individual autonomy. This new paperback edition, in the Princeton series on New French Thought, locates this historical overview of western, primarily French, fashion from the mid-fourteenth to the late twentieth century within French theoretical literature. His non-deterministic approach explains why many subsequent specialists, including feminist scholars, cite The Empire of Fashion. Lipovetsky "complicates" the influential interpretation of the symbolic anthropologist Pierre Bourdieu that haute couture reflects a bourgeois search for social distinction. Lipovetsky also rejects Foucauldian arguments about bureaucratic or disciplinary control of fashion consumers through the ritual of seasonal collections and other institutions of haute couture or through such arbiters as fashion magazines. Instead, fashion seduces through "the multiplication of prototypes, and the possibility of personal choice." He very briefly analyzes the fashion industry's "theatricalization of merchandise, fanciful advertising and appeals to desire" but disputes Baudrillard's notion of consuming only for performance in a system of exchange (78, 144-45). If fashion is "a stage for the appreciation of the spectacle provided by others, it has also unleashed an investment in self. . . . Fashion goes hand in glove with the pleasure of seeing, but also with the pleasure of being seen, of exhibiting oneself to the gaze of others" (29). This type of argument may seem abstract and overly optimistic to social and economic historians, but Lipovetsky's insistence that fashion allows "complex blends of refusal and acceptance" offers historians of women, fashion, and consumption an escape hatch from reductionist models of modern women as fashion victims or irrational consumers. Although gender is not the central analytical category in The Empire of Fashion, it is present and productive. The emergence of fashion is associated with the accentuation of differences in dress between the sexes in the mid-fourteenth century, even if, in the first, aristocratic phase of fashion, both sexes changed apparel, especially accessories, frequently...

Speaking truth to power? The search for bureaucratic independence in Canada

I Introduction For government to be effective and to serve the public interest, politicians and bureaucrats must often work in tandem, hand in glove, especially in the development and implementation of public policy. At such times, the separation between the political and the bureaucratic functions is fluid and porous, and the executive branch of government is characterized by the interdependence of these political and bureaucratic spheres. At other times, a virtually impenetrable wall insulates the bureaucratic from the political sphere, as in the context of prosecutorial discretion in the criminal justice context. The questions across these various governmental settings are these: How independent should public servants be from the government of the day, and how can this independence be assured? This article seeks to address these questions about the nature and scope of bureaucratic independence, examine its sources in Canada's constitutional order, and explore its implications for public law and public administration. In his thought-provoking study of Canadian bureaucracy, Donald Savoie takes as his point of departure the idea that the relationship between bureaucrats and politicians is not subject to constitutional rules and therefore has developed around mutually acceptable practices or, in his words, a 'bargain.'1 While it is true, as Savoie observes, that the [End Page 1] Canadian Constitution Acts of 1867 and 1982 contain virtually no references to the civil service, this overlooks a rich constitutional tradition in Canada of locating many of our most important constitutional principles (judicial independence, the primacy of the rule of law, etc.) largely outside the formal text of these acts. In this article, I argue that the civil service is subject to a dense network of constitutional provisions, conventions, and principles and that our democratic institutions and practices would be meaningfully enhanced if these rules, principles, and conventions were more fully elaborated. Civil servants are the guardians of a public trust underlying the exercise of all public authority.2 Their ability to maintain the integrity of that trust and, when called upon, to 'speak truth to power' depends on a measure of independence from undue political influence. Neutrality, integrity, professionalism, and trust, on this view, are inextricably linked to the norm of bureaucratic independence. The consequence of reaffirming the critical role played by the civil service in discharging the public trust is not to erode or undermine parliamentary supremacy; rather, it is to recognize that the separation of powers doctrine, as it has developed in Canada (and elsewhere), has failed to come to terms with the complexities of the executive branch. As Terence Daintith and Alan Page have observed, While the trinity of executive, legislative and judicial functions may be the most powerful rationalization of the specialization process that has yet been offered, it cannot by itself capture the overall significance of any given structure of government for constitutional values such as democracy and accountability ... We should therefore resist the easy assumption that the allocation of powers and functions within each of the organizational blocs identified by the separation of [End Page 2] powers are less significant to the protection of constitutional values than are the relations between those blocs.3 In embarking on this inquiry into bureaucratic independence, the first question to address is, Independence from whom? Public servants work for the Crown. In most cases, civil servants take instruction from the government of the day. Indeed, some would suggest that any distinction between the Crown and the government of the day is itself a legal fiction.4 To what extent, and in what circumstances, does public servants' duty to the Crown to uphold the public interest permit, or even require, them to refuse instructions from the government of the day? What constitutional doctrines enable bureaucrats to remain protected from the undue interference of their ministers? What safeguards ensure that civil servants cannot use their positions to partisan ends? Is bureaucratic independence, to the...

When Patient Care Issues Arise, QIPS Is on the Job

When Patient Care Issues Arise, QIPS Is on the Job

The Changing Role of Women in Sri Lankan Society

THE role of women in Sri Lankan society is a topic that has been debated and fought over for several centuries. During the British colonial period, for example, a significant strand of nationalist, anticolonial agitation centered on the role and status of Ceylonese women, both within and outside the home. As I have argued elsewhere pace Chatterjee (see de Alwis, 1998b; Chatterjee 1989), it was bourgeois Ceylonese women’s bodies, beliefs, and behavior that were produced as the repositories as well as signifiers of Ceylonese “culture” and “tradition” in the face of the onslaught of colonialism and modernity (which worked hand in glove) upon Ceylonese society. The education of women, their employment outside the home, their agitation for political rights, their assumption of political office, etc., have been perceived as potential threats to women’s “traditional” roles and status within Ceylonese society at various moments in Ceylonese history. Notions of “tradition” and “modernity,” “statis” and “change” were thus not only intimately intertwined with conceptions of Tamil and Sinhala “womanhood” but co-constitutive of each other (de Alwis, 1998a). While the formulation and content of many of these debates and discourses on the role of women may have differed significantly at various historical moments, and due to different political , economic, or social catalysts, I wish to argue that the primary premise of such debates and discourses have not changed; Sri Lankan women, be they Sinhala, Tamil, or Muslim, continue to be constructed as the reproducers, nurturers, and disseminators of SOCIAL RESEARCH, Vol. 69, No. 3 (Fall 2002) The Changing Role of Women in Sri Lankan Society BY MALATHI DE ALWIS “tradition,” “culture,” “community,” and “nation.” In this paper, I want to think about how such discourses have been reiterated as well as resisted, during the past two decades. While my primary focus will be the mobilization of such discourses in the context of ethnic and antistate violence, I wish to preface such an analysis with a brief discussion of the discourses that have been engendered by two important shifts in the local economy that are largely dependent on the sweat and tears of women: the increasing reliance on garment and labor exports for the earning of foreign exchange. Garment Girls in the Corrupt(ing) City The establishment of Free Trade Zones (FTZ) under the structural readjustment programs initiated by the United National Party (UNP) government, in the late 1970s, resulted in a vast influx of young women to Colombo in search of employment. These women, who were predominantly young, single, and Sinhalese, constituted the main workforce in the many garment factories set up in the FTZs as well as outside them. The exploitative terms of employment, hazardous working conditions, sexual harassment these women faced soon began to be highlighted by feminist groups,1 who were then summarily banned from entering the FTZs (which had also banned the formation of trade unions). Feminist support for the series of strikes organized by the Polytex garment workers in the early 1980s was one such example of cross-class solidarity between women workers and middle-class activists (Abeyesekera , 1990). By the late 1980s, public concern regarding the exploitation of these women workers by foreign and local capitalists began to be superimposed by moralistic discourses that sought to censure the “decadent” and “loose” practices of “innocent village damsels” from “traditional” homes who had become dou676 SOCIAL RESEARCH bly susceptible to the corruptions of the big city due to the absence of parental supervision and domestic stability. A lifestyle marked by the purchase and adornment of fancy clothes, jewelry, and makeup, along with a shift toward “provocative” and “unrespectable” behavior leading to unwholesome sexual liaisons, unwanted pregnancies, and unsanitary abortions, was posited as having become the norm among these women.2 Such discourses portray these peasant women as having been jackknifed from “primitivity” to “moral decadence” in the same way that bourgeois women were perceived to have been transformed several decades previously. Ironically, the women garment workers are perceived to have been corrupted because of too little education, unlike the bourgeois women who had become corrupted because they were too educated in Western ways.3 This idea is also premised on a particular conception of the “village...

The ‘Thailand Controversy’ Revisited

The so‐called ‘Thailand controversy’ divided the anthropological communities of Australia and the US in the early 1970s. In the heat of opposition to the Vietnam War, allegations were made that some anthropologists and institutions, particularly the Tribal Research Centre in Thailand, had worked hand in glove with the military/intelligence establishment and contrary to the interests of the minority peoples who lived in the hills of north Thailand, who were the subjects of research. The author was one of those so accused and the paper presents his view of the episode. It traces the genesis of the Tribal Research Centre, the publication of an inflammatory article in the US, and the subsequent escalation of the controversy there. It then details its impact on the Australian anthropological community, with particular reference to the Sydney University Department. Finally, it describes the climax of the controversy in the Australian Association of Social Anthropologists, and the American Anthropological Association. In conclusion, it argues that the confused intensity of the affair was a product of a mix of political passions, ethical considerations, and different views about the role of academics in society.

Understanding muscle relaxants by their molecular structure and conformation

T HERE ARE more muscle relaxants in use than many other categories of drugs in anesthesia, and muscle relaxants remain a mainstay of anesthesia practice today. Each relaxant was introduced with specific advantages. Maximal benefit to the patient depends on thorough understanding of what they are, how they act and break down, and what their breakdown products do. Examination of their structure and conformation will go a long way toward understanding their action, side effects, metabolism and disposition, and what their metabolites do. Traditionally, we understand the muscle relaxants by their chemical structure and structure-activity relationship (SAR). Such information has helped the development of new and better compounds over the decades, such as pancuronium in the 1970s; atracurium and vecuronium in the 1980s; and mivacurium, cisatracurium, rocuronium, and rapacuronium more recently. Lee I has recently reviewed the SAR of the neuromuscular blocking (NMB) agents and expanded the study into the conformation-activity relationship (CAR). Similar conformational study into other categories of anesthesia-related drugs, such as local anesthetics and narcotics, may also prove useful. Molecular shape is fundamental to organic chemistry and key to drug-receptor interaction. The key-and-lock concept of drug-receptor interaction should be viewed as hand in glove, stressing chirality and molecular conformation. Although structural formula is 2-dimensional, conformation

Pepper in Our Eyes: The APEC Affair

Preface Acknowledgments Chronology of Events Part 1: Canada's APEC Summit, 1997 1. Policing, the Rule of Law, and Accountability in Canada: Lessons from the APEC Summit / W. Wesley Pue Part 2: Constitutional Fundamentals 2. Free Speech, Democracy, and the Question of Political Influence / Andrew D. Irvine 3. Relax a Bit in the Nation: Constitutional Law 101 and the APEC Affair / Margot E. Young 4. The APEC Protest, the Rule of Law, and Civilian Oversight of Canada's National Police Force / Donald J. Sorochan, QC 5. The Significance of the APEC Affair / Joel Bakan Part 3: Policing and Accountability 6. Someone to Watch over Me: Government Supervision of the RCMP / Philip C. Stenning 7. Hand in Glove? Politicians, Policing, and Canadian Political Culture / Nelson Wiseman 8. Forcing the Issues: Police Use of Force at the APEC Protest / Constable Gil Puder Part 4: Public Accountability in a Free and Democratic Society 9. Forces of Journalism / Terry Milewski 10. Personal Reflections on the Ill-Fated First APEC Inquiry / Gerald M. Morin 11. Raising the Dough: Funding for Lawyers at Public Inquiries / Karen Busby Part 5: Globalization and Canadian Rights 12. The 1997 APEC Summit and the Security of Internationally Protected Persons: Did Someone Say Suharto? / Obiora Chinedu Okafor 13. A Whole Theatre of Others: A Personal Account of APEC 1997 / Arnab Guha 14. Whither APEC? / Jane Kelsey Appendices References Cited Contributors Index

How to negotiate a smooth transfer between development lenders and investment lenders

AbstractThe paper focuses on the benefits to a borrower from differentiating between the commercial perceptions of different specialist property lenders. This is expanded into an overview of how CLP has systemised this ‘arbitrage’ potential into a product called ‘Hand in Glove’. The paper rounds off with a demonstration of how this much‐neglected facet of the market can harbour competitive advantages for the companies utilising it. Copyright © 2001 Henry Stewart Publications