Moments For Hand Hygiene Research Articles

Hand Hygiene Compliance among Visitors at a Long-term Care Hospital in Korea: A Covert Observation Study

Purpose: This study aimed to assess hand hygiene (HH) compliance among visitors at a long-term care hospital in South Korea. Methods: The study was conducted at a 502-bed long-term care hospital located in Gyeonggi-do Province. From July 1 to August 15, 2017, including more than 6 weekends and one holiday, a trained observer covertly assessed visitors’ HH at all five units (360 beds in total) of the study hospital building until the completion of 1,000 HH opportunities (i.e., 200 opportunities per unit). The modified World Health Organization (WHO) HH observation form was used. Instead of professional categories and the “before clean/aseptic procedure” moment, the estimated age range for each visitor were recorded in four categories: children (<14 years old), adolescents (14~18), adults (19~64), and the elderly (≥65). The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 22.0. Results: A total of 1,000 HH opportunities were observed from 766 visitors (an average of 1.31 per visitor) and the overall HH compliance rate was 20.3%. Overall, 53.7% of the HH cases were performed with soap and water. Among the 4 HH moments, the “after body fluid exposure risk” moment showed the highest compliance rate (83.5%); 93.9% used soap and water. The most commonly exposed potential body fluid among visitors was saliva (48.1%). Conclusion: For hospital visitors in long-term care hospitals, HH education programs including HH moments need to be developed and implemented. Further studies are necessary to evaluate visitors’ HH compliance in various hospital settings and find the related variables influencing visitors’ HH.

Handwashing practices among caregivers of children

Introduction: Handwashing has been proven to reduce the risk of acquiring infection; this is why every 15th October is being set aside as Global Handwashing Day, which aims at improving global awareness on the importance of handwashing. Materials and Methods: The study was cross-sectional, parents/caregivers were consecutively recruited over 8 months, and pretested questionnaire was administered by the researchers and trained assistants. Results: There were 102 (32%) males and 217 (68%) females with a male-to-female ratio of 1:2.1. A total of 279 (87.5%) respondents reported that they were aware of the moments of hand hygiene. Their relations (38.3%) were the most common source of information on hand hygiene. However, soap and water (72.4%) were the predominant items used for handwashing. Furthermore, 317 (99.1%) respondents were incorrect on the steps of handwashing technique. All respondents (100%) reported washing their hands after using the restroom. However, their educational and social status had no significant relationship with their ability to mention the steps in handwashing and the critical moments in hand hygiene, respectively, (educational status: ‡Fisher's exact = 0.440; P = 1.00, and $Fisher's exact = 3.308; P = 0.282, respectively) and (social class: ‡‡Fisher's exact = 0.756; P = 1.00 and $$Fisher's exact = 1.232; P = 1.00, respectively). However, there were statistically significant relation with adhering to the principles of handwashing (educational status: †χ2 = 7.835; df = 2; P = 0.019) and (social class: ††χ2 = 7.952; df = 2; P = 0.019), respectively. Conclusion: Majority of the respondents wash their hands especially after soiling with dirt; and water and soap were mostly used; however, the technique of handwashing was poorly understood by caregivers and this was shown to be less influenced by their educational or social status.

Beyond entry and exit: Hand hygiene at the bedside

We aimed to assess compliance, knowledge, and attitudes regarding the World Health Organization (WHO) 5 moments for hand hygiene (HH). We assessed HH compliance from July-August 2016, using a modified WHO HH observation form. A 26-question survey was used to assess health care personnel (HCP) knowledge, opinions, and barriers to HH. A subgroup of HCPs participated in a 2-round focused survey to assign priority to the moments. Three hundred two HH opportunities were observed in 104 unique HCP-patient interactions. HH was performed at 106 (35%) opportunities, 37% (25 of 68) before touching a patient, 9% (6 of 70) before aseptic procedures, 5% (1 of 22) after body fluid exposure or risk, 63% (55 of 88) after touching a patient, and 35% (19 of 54) after touching patient surroundings. Two hundred eighteen HCPs completed the survey; 63 (29%) were familiar with the WHO 5 moments but only 13 (21%) were able to recall all 5 moments. In the focused surveys, 46% (6 of 13) ranked "before aseptic procedure" as the most important HH moment, and 86% (11 of 13) identified "after touching patient surroundings" as the least important. We found frequent opportunities for HH with infrequent compliance. Lack of recognition of opportunities at the bedside and frequent glove use may contribute to lower compliance.

Hand hygiene practices among healthcare workers in a newborn unit of a tertiary referral hospital in Kenya

Background: Health care-associated infection (HCAI) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality among hospitalised patients, particularly neonates. Compliance with hand hygiene (HH) recommendations is the simplest and most effective measure in preventing this infection. Objectives: To determine the HH practices among healthcare workers (HCWs) in the newborn unit of a tertiary referral hospital in Kenya, their knowledge and perceptions regarding HCAI and importance of HH, and barriers to the recommended HH practices. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the HCWs’ compliance with the World Health Organization (WHO) ‘5 Moments for Hand Hygiene’ and a structured self-administered questionnaire adopted from the WHO knowledge and perception of HCW questionnaires was used to answer the secondary objectives. Results: The overall HH compliance rate was 15%. HCWs were twice more likely to take a HH action ‘after’ than ‘before’ a patient care procedure (odds ratio [OR] = 2.05; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.02–4.19; P = 0.03). Nurses and nursing students had statistically significant lower compliance (OR 0.41; 95% CI = 0.18-0.91; p=0.016) and (OR 0.21; 95% CI = 0.06-0.70; p = 0.004) respectively, compared to the doctors. More than half (52%) of the HCWs were unaware of the five moments/indication for HH. Lack of supplies, forgetfulness and use of gloves were the commonly cited barriers to HH compliance. Discussion: HH compliance rate among HCWs in the newborn unit of the tertiary referral hospital was very low. The observed and reported barriers to optimal HH compliance demonstrate a necessity for the adoption of the WHO recommended multimodal HH improvement strategy in this unit.

Improving hand hygiene compliance with patient zone demarcation: More than just lines on the floor

Background Hand hygiene compliance can be difficult to improve as this prospective activity may not come to mind easily during busy clinical operations. Clinicians are often driven by clinical goals under time pressure, and the sudden recall to clean hands can either be disruptive or too late. Using patient zones as a reference has been known to be helpful. A low-tech solution of taping patient zones on the floor was introduced in a children’s intensive care unit. Coupled with this demarcation is a simplified protocol that uses patient zones for “just-in-time” reminders. Clinicians now clean their hands whenever they cross zone lines, namely “ before patient zone” and “ after patient zone”, along with “ before aseptic procedure” and “ after bodily fluids exposure”. Methods The mandatory national quarterly hand hygiene surveillance data for children’s intensive care unit and the entire hospital was tracked. Seven pre-intervention and seven post-intervention quarters were compared for improvement and sustainability. Results Overall, children’s intensive care unit hand hygiene compliance rose from an average of 77% to 90%, as well as physicians' hand hygiene compliance rates from 72% to 86%, and these differences are statistically significant. Hand Hygiene Moment 1 as defined by World Health Organization benefited the most from this intervention. Discussion Patient zone demarcation, along with more intuitive hand hygiene guidelines, is a cost-effective, operationally sensitive intervention that can improve hand hygiene compliance. The bundled solution taps on human factors science in understanding the cognitive challenges faced by clinicians. The positive effects are most profound in multi-bed cubicles where patient zones and infection control barriers are not clearly visible.

Hand hygiene in hospitals: an observational study in hospitals from two southern states of India

BackgroundHand hygiene is a simple and low-cost measure to reduce healthcare associated infection yet it has always been a concern in low as well as high resource settings across the globe. Poor hand hygiene during intra-partum and newborn care may result in sepsis, which is a major cause of death among newborns and puts a financial burden on already strained health systems.MethodsWe conducted non-participatory observations in newborn care units and labour rooms from secondary and tertiary level, public and private hospitals, as part of a baseline evaluation of a quality improvement collaborative across two southern states of India. We assessed hand hygiene compliance during examinations and common procedures, using tools adapted from internationally recommended checklists and World Health Organization’s concept of five moments of hand hygiene. We assessed differences in compliance by type (public/private), level (secondary/tertiary) and case load (low/intermediate/high). Analysis was adjusted for clustering and weighted as appropriate.ResultsWe included 49 newborn care units (19 private, 30 public) and 35 labour rooms (5 private, 30 public) that granted permission. We observed 3661 contacts with newborns and their environment, 242 per-vaginal examinations and 235 deliveries. For the newborns, a greater proportion of contacts in private newborn units than public complied with all steps of hand hygiene (44% vs 12%, p < 0.001), and similarly in tertiary than secondary units (33% vs 12%, p < 0.001) but there was no evidence of a difference by case load of the facility (low load-28%; intermediate load-14%; high load- 24%, p = 0.246). The component with lowest compliance was glove usage where indicated (20%). For deliveries, hand hygiene compliance before delivery was universal in private facilities but seen in only about one-quarter of observations in public facilities (100% vs 27%, p = 0.012). Average overall compliance for hand-hygiene during per-vaginal examinations was 35% and we found no evidence of differences by type of facility.ConclusionObserved compliance with hand hygiene was low overall, although better in private than public facilities in both newborn units and labour rooms. Glove usage was a particular problem in newborn care units.Trial registrationRetrospectively registered with Clinical Trials Registry- India (CTRI/2018/04/013014).

Directly observed hand hygiene – from healthcare workers to patients

Despite the tremendous effort put into the promotion of hand hygiene for decades, hand hygiene compliance among healthcare workers and patients remains suboptimal. A novel approach is required to identify and address the remaining gaps despite the World Health Organization's Five Moments for Hand Hygiene. Directly observed hand hygiene (DOHH) may fill this gap and ensure 100% hand hygiene compliance during crucial moments outside the WHO's Five Moments. The concept of DOHH was inspired by directly observed therapy for treating tuberculosis, where drug compliance is of utmost importance [ [1] Volmink J. Garner P. Directly observed therapy for treating tuberculosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007; 4: CD003343 PubMed Google Scholar ] As the patient receives antituberculous medications under direct observation by a healthcare worker, the compliance of the patient can be ascertained. Similarly, when alcohol-based hand rub is delivered to the hands of healthcare workers and patients by a designated staff member at regular time intervals, their hand hygiene is under direct observation and compliance is ensured. Antituberculous medications are given once daily, while hand hygiene opportunities in healthcare workers and patients are numerous in clinical settings. Therefore, DOHH should be implemented in highly selected scenarios and moments as illustrated below.

Prevalence of multidrug drug resistant organisms and hand hygiene compliance in surgical NICU in Cairo University Specialized Pediatric Hospital

BackgroundThe incidence of neonatal sepsis increased during the recent years, it may be due to frequent use of invasive procedures and the development of resistant organisms. Bacterial resistance to commonly used antibiotics has emerged and complicated the management of NS. ObjectiveOur study aimed at determining the prevalence and risk factors of MDRO and hand hygiene compliance (HHC) in the SNICU, of Cairo University Specialized Pediatric Hospital (CUSPH) postoperatively. Materials and MethodsA prospective, observational study was carried out from April 2015 to September 2015 in the tertiary-care level SNICU of CUSPH. Fifty- eight neonates who were infection free on admission and were having any surgical pathology were studied. Baseline data collected include Demographic history, evidence of sepsis, Complete examination and investigations including quantitative C-reactive protein (QCRP), WBCs counts, blood culture, and treatment were also included. Hand hygiene was also assessed among the HCWs using the WHO checklist “My Five Moments for Hand Hygiene”. ResultsNinety-five samples were sent to the microbiology laboratory for culture and sensitivity. Some neonates had more than one sample type analyzed. All samples were collected 48 h postoperatively. The most common site of infection was blood stream infection (BSI) representing 39/95 of samples (41%) followed by SSI 16/95 (16.8%), RTI 8/95 (8.4%), and CLABSI 3/95(3.1%), 29/95 (30.5%) samples revealed no growth. Out of 66 isolated microorganisms, Gram-negative bacteria were the most prevalent pathogens of nosocomial infection with 35/66 (53%), while Gram-positive bacteria were 25/66 (37.9%). We found coagulase-negative Staphylococcus aureus (CONS) to be the most common organism 19/66 (28.7%) cultured from blood, followed by Klebsiella 13/66 (19.6%) and Acinetobactor 9/66 (13.6%) of all isolates. Candida was isolated from only one case of SSI 1/66 (1.5%). MRSA were found to be less frequently isolated 3/66 (4.5%). Profile of blood culture and susceptibility patterns provide guidance to start empiric antibiotic treatment which is cornerstone in sepsis management. The most sensitive antibiotic among Gram positive isolates were Teicoplanin and Vancomycin with 100% sensitivity for both antibiotics in MRSA isolates, while they showed sensitivity of 94.7 and 89.5% respectively in CONS isolates, both Ciprofloxicin and Clindamycin showed 33.3% sensitivity to MRSA isolates, while no single MRSA isolate showed sensitivity to Erythromycin nor Amikacin. CONS sensitivity to other antibiotics was as follows; 74% in Amikacin, 79% in ciprofloxacin and 58% in Clindamycin. In Gram negative organisms; Polymexin B and Colistin revealed highest sensitivity (100%) in all Gram negative isolates, followed by Amikacin with 60% sensitivity to E-coli and only 25% sensitivity in both Pseudomonas and Enterobacter, then Meropenem which was 55.6% sensitive to Acenitobacter and 25% sensitivity to both Pseudomonas and Enterobacter. Ciprofloxacin showed 50% sensitivity with Pseutomonas and 25% with Enterobacter, while it was sensitive in 22.2% and 20% of Acenitobacter and E-coli isolates respectively. Gentamicin was 33.3%, 25% and 20% sensitive in Acenitobacter Enterobacter and E-coli isolates respectively. No E-coli isolates showed sensitivity to imipenem, while only 25%, 22.2% and 15.4% of Enterobacter, acenitobacter and klebsiella isolates respectively were sensitive to imipenem. Among 39 blood culture positive cases, 26 isolates were MDRO (66.7%) meanwhile non-MDRO accounted for 13/39 (33.3%) isolates.Overall hand hygiene compliance (HHC) among the HCWs was found to be (30.5%). ConclusionPrevalence of MDRO among cases of sepsis was found to be (66.7%). Most isolated organisms were resistant to commonly used drugs. Antibiotic stewardship (ASP) program is essentially needed to stop abuse of antibiotics and accordingly development of MDROs. Strict infection control measures mainly HH procedures are needed, to minimize the spread of MDROs.

The impact of interventions to improve compliance in hand hygiene – a prospective study from Sangre Grande Hospital

Objectives To assess the compliance of hand hygiene (HH) practices of staff and determine the impact of multimodal interventions to improve hand hygiene practices. Methods A prospective study was conducted to determine the hand hygiene (HH) practices of staff according to the World Health Organization’s “5 moments of HH”. During random visits to the general wards, HH practices of staff were observed for 41 weeks during 2014-15. During the first 8 weeks, the basic compliance rate (BCR) was calculated. A BCR of 50% or more was considered compliant. Data were provided to the staff via email. Toolbox talks, posters, and other educational interventions were instituted in a multimodal manner. Wards were visited by infection control staff to reinforce HH practices. During the post-intervention phase, the HH practices were reassessed for 33 weeks to compare the impact of interventions. Results A total of 13,120 observations were made. Participants ranged from ages 18 to 65. The overall average BCR before intervention was 34.1%, for the first 8 weeks, while it increased to 62.3%, over the next 33 weeks, after the multimodal interventions (p =0.007). The wards which showed significant improvement include Paediatrics (p &lt;0.0001), Male Surgical (p = 0.001), Female Surgical (p = 0.005), Male Medical (p &lt; 0.0001), Haemodialysis Unit (p &lt; 0.0001), ICU, (p = 0.038), and Accident and Emergency (p = 0.007). Obstetric, Female Medical, and Oncology wards did not show statistically significant improvement. Conclusion Hand Hygiene compliance rate of staff can be improved by multimodal interventions in a General Hospital setting.

Improving hand hygiene compliance among healthcare workers in intensive care unit: an interventional study

Background: Hand hygiene (HH) is one of the most important measures to prevent healthcare-associated infections. The objective of the study was to assess the effectiveness of the augmented multi-interventional approaches on HH compliance rate among intensive care unit (ICU) healthcare workers (HCWs) of Farwaniya Hospital, Kuwait.Methods: An interventional study was conducted in four phases throughout eight months among adult ICU HCWs. First; HCWs, HH compliance rates and alcohol-based hand rub consumption rate (ABHR) were assessed secondly; an augmented multi-interventional approach was implemented, which included administrative support, observation and reporting, education &amp; training, recruiting champions, and maintenance of HH supplies &amp; reminders. Then a washout phase. Finally, re-assessment of HH compliance rates and ABHR.Results: Following the interventions, the overall HCWs’ HH compliance rate increased significantly from 58.81% to 73.17% (p=0.000), for doctors (39.82% vs. 64.93%) and nurses (68.24% vs. 80.18%), p&gt;0.001. Significant improvement of HH compliance rates for most of HH moments, after moments were higher than before moments, p=0.000. ABHR increased significantly from 77.45 ml to 133.33 ml per patient day (95% CI=54.37-57.39, p&lt;0.0001).Conclusions: The applied augmented multi-interventional approach was effective in improving HH compliance rates among ICU HCWs. Sustainability is warranted by continues implementation of this approach.

How to make hand hygiene interventions more attractive to nurses: A discrete choice experiment.

BackgroundBetter understanding of the characteristics of interventions which are attractive to nurses is required in order to implement effective hand hygiene interventions.MethodsThe intervention characteristics were derived from diffusion of innovation theory (DIT): relative advantage, compatibility, simplicity, trialability, and observability. To identify nurses’ preferences for the five characteristics, a discrete choice experiment (DCE) was conducted. Participants were nurses working at Taiwanese tertiary care hospitals selected through stratified sampling. In addition, the hand hygiene moment (before or after patient contact) was taken into consideration in the DCE to investigate whether nurses’ preferences for the intervention characteristics were the same at different hand hygiene moments.ResultsThis survey was conducted between 1 October and 31 December 2014. Among 200 nurses from three Taiwanese tertiary care hospitals, significant preferences for the five intervention characteristics were observed. That is, when an intervention makes the hand hygiene activity more convenient (p<0.001), when nurses participate in the design of the intervention (p<0.001), when an intervention is explained well to nurses before implementing it (p<0.001), when the evidence of hand hygiene is provided at a trial stage to show its effectiveness (p<0.001), and when nurses’ hand hygiene performance is observable to their peers (p<0.001), nurses are more willing to wash their hands with high compliance. In addition, nurses preferred for providing evidence at a trial stage most, and well explanation about the intervention to increase simplicity was least. The rankings of the preference for the five intervention characteristics were the same at different hand hygiene moments (p = 0.453)ConclusionsThe findings suggest policy directions for decision makers aiming to improve overall hand hygiene compliance in healthcare facilities.

Assessing the effectiveness of structured teaching on knowledge of hand hygiene among healthcare workers

Assessing the effectiveness of structured teaching on knowledge of hand hygiene among healthcare workers

Hand hygiene practices among nurses in health facility in a semi-urban setting

INTRODUCTION: Hand is an important medium of infection transmission. This is further worsened in the hospital setting where sources of contamination are abundant. Nurses play a vital role in patient care, and while doing so, they are often exposed to health hazards. Therefore, they may act as conduits for transmitting infectious diseases to themselves, family members, and other patients. Good hand hygiene is a prerequisite for infection control; therefore, the objective of this study is to determine the knowledge and practices of hand hygiene among nurses in our institution. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study involving 113 nurses and it was conducted over 12 weeks; it was questionnaire based, which was pretested and self-administered. Convenience sampling was adopted. RESULTS: Data from 96 (85%) respondents consisting of 41 (42.7%) males and 55 (57.3%) females with male:female ratio of 0.7:1 were analyzed. All respondents reported using water and soap for hand-washing. Furthermore, majority (59%) of the respondents were not aware of the five moments of hand hygiene. Although majority (76%) reported adhering to the principles of good hand hygiene, 54.2% of the respondents could not correctly mention the steps of hand-washing technique. Sixty-six (68.8%) respondents wash their hands before attending to patients; however, almost all (99%) of the respondents wash their hands after attending to patients and after removing hand gloves. Similarly, all respondents wash their hands after using the restroom. CONCLUSION: The act of hand-washing is common among respondents in this study; however, the major challenge is with practicing the correct technique involved in hand-washing. Furthermore, knowledge of the critical moments of hand-washing was also deficient among most of the respondents.

Exploring the use of entertainment-education YouTube videos focused on infection prevention and control

As a communications strategy, education entertainment has been used to inform, influence, and shift societal and individual behaviors. Recently, there has been an increasing number of entertainment-education YouTube videos focused on hand hygiene. However, there is currently no understanding about the quality of these videos; therefore, this study aimed to explore the social media content and user engagement with these videos. The search terms "hand hygiene" and "hand hygiene education" were used to query YouTube. Video content had to be directed at a health care professional audience. Using author designed checklists, each video was systematically evaluated and grouped according to educational usefulness and was subsequently evaluated against the categories of attractiveness, comprehension, and persuasiveness. A total of 400 videos were screened, with 70 videos retained for analysis. Of these, 55.7% (n = 39) were categorized as educationally useful. Overall, educationally useful videos scored higher than noneducationally useful videos across the categories of attractiveness, comprehension, and persuasiveness. Miscommunication of the concept of My 5 Moments for Hand Hygiene was observed in several of the YouTube videos. The availability of educationally useful videos in relation to hand hygiene is evident; however, it is clear that there are opportunities for contributors using this medium to strengthen their alignment with social media best practice principles to maximize the effectiveness, reach, and sustainability of their content.

A multimodal intervention to improve hand hygiene compliance in a tertiary care center

Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are a major threat to patient safety worldwide. HAIs are mainly transmitted via the hands of healthcare workers (HCWs), and HCW compliance with hand hygiene (HH) practices is reportedly low. Therefore, multimodal interventions are needed to develop effective HH improvement strategies. In this study, we assessed the effect of multimodal interventions on improvement of HH compliance. This study was conducted in 2 intensive care units from August 2016 to October 2016. It encompassed 3 phases: pre-intervention (20 days), intervention (1 month), and post-intervention (20 days). A total of 53 HCWs, including physicians, nurses, and housekeeping staff, were included in the HH audit. The audit was analyzed by direct observation and by a completed knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) questionnaire. A total of 6350 HH opportunities were recorded; the results were 34.7%, 35%, and 69.7% for hand hygiene complete adherence rate (HHCAR), hand hygiene partial adherence rate (HHPAR), and hand hygiene adherence rate (HHAR), respectively. The HHCAR in the pre-intervention and post-intervention phases were 3% and 70.1%, respectively. HHCAR was highest among nurses (3.6% in the pre-intervention phase and 80.7% in the post-intervention phase). Other findings were that senior physicians had better HH compliance than junior physicians; in the pre-intervention phase, the HHCAR was better in the evening (4.8%); in the post-intervention phase, the HHCAR was better in the morning (72.1%); women had a higher HHCAR than men; and in the pre-intervention phase, good compliance was seen with Moments 2 and 3 of the World Health Organization's (WHO) Five Moments for Hand Hygiene, whereas in the post-intervention phase, good compliance was seen with Moments 3, 4, and 5. Questionnaire-based data were also analyzed to assess KAP of HH. We found that only 55%-82% of HCWs were aware of the WHO's Five Moments for Hand Hygiene. In the post-intervention phase, we observed a significant improvement in KAP of the study group. Significant improvement in HH compliance can be achieved through a systematic, multidimensional intervention involving all types of HCWs.

Patient as a Partner in Healthcare-Associated Infection Prevention.

Objectives: The objective of the study was getting to know the knowledge and attitudes towards hand hygiene (HH) among Polish patients and healthcare workers (HCWs). Methods: 459 respondents replied to the survey: 173 (37.6%) patients and 286 (62.3%) HCWs; 57 HCWs were additionally interviewed. Results: Few HCWs knew and used the “5 moments for HH” in the required situations. Both patients and HCWs rated HH of other HCWs poorly: only 75% of patients and 54% of HCWs noticed the application of HH before blood sample collection, but 1/2 of interviewed HCWs did not encounter a request for HH from a patient. According to interviews, 23 (40%) HCWs did not admonish others when they did not use HH. Seventy-five percent of patients and HCWs claimed that, in the past, in schools the toilets were poorly stocked, but the situation improved with the passage of time. Conclusions: There are barriers with resspect to treating patients as partners in HH in Polish hospitals and HCWs’ lack of compliance with the “5 moments for HH” significantly reduces patients’ safety. Practice implications: Education regarding HH should be conducted for the whole society from an early age: lack of proper supplies in school bathrooms impedes the development of positive HH habits.

Practice of hand hygiene and use of protective gloves: Differences in the perception between patients and medical staff

This study investigated differences in perceptions of hand hygiene and protective glove use among patients and health care workers (HCWs) in Poland. We conducted a survey using an original questionnaire among 462 respondents, including 173 (37.4%) patients and 289 (62.6%) HCWs; HCWs demonstrated poor familiarity with the My 5 Moments for Hand Hygiene. The role of protective gloves in preventing health care-associated infection was overestimated by both patients and HCWs.

Hand hygiene compliance monitoring in anaesthetics: Feasibility and validity.

Hand hygiene compliance scores in the anaesthetic department of an acute NHS hospital were persistently low. To determine the feasibility and validity of regular accurate measurement of HHC in anaesthetics and understand the context of care delivery, barriers and opportunities to improve compliance. The hand hygiene compliance of one anaesthetist was observed and noted by a senior infection control practitioner (ICP). This was compared to the World Health Organization five moments of hand hygiene and the organisation hand hygiene tool. In one sequence of 55 min, there were approximately 58 hand hygiene opportunities. The hand hygiene compliance rate was 16%. The frequency and speed of actions in certain periods of care delivery made compliance measurement difficult and potentially unreliable. During several activities, taking time to apply alcohol gel or wash hands would have put the patients at significant risk. We concluded that hand hygiene compliance monitoring by direct observation was invalid and unreliable in this specialty. It is important that hand hygiene compliance is optimal in anaesthetics particularly before patient contact. Interventions which reduce environmental and patient contamination, such as cleaning the patient and environment, could ensure anaesthetists encounter fewer micro-organisms in this specialty.

Pengaruh Coaching Keperawatan Terhadap Kepatuhan Perawat Melakukan Cuci Tangan Sesuai Prinsip 5 Momen 6 Langkah Di Ruang Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Kabupaten Klungkung

Background: Five Moments for Hand Hygiene is an important moment to wash hands 5 on health care providers to optimize hand hygiene by washing hands. Coaching methods can be used to improve the quality of nursing resources that will ultimately improve the quality of nursing care provided to patients through obedience perform appropriate hand washing moments principles 5 6 steps. The result of the application of the five moment in the inpatient unit District General Hospital Klungkung still below the average of the minimum service standards (SPM) is as much as&gt; 80%. While the percentage of data compliance officer in performing hand hygiene is the nurse as much as 63.3%.Objective: the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of nursing coaching to compliance nurses perform appropriate hand washing moments principles 5 6 steps in the inpatient unit District General Hospital KlungkungMethods: This study uses an experimental approach to design pre One group pre test-posttest design. The sampling technique used is Non-Probability Sampling with consecutive sampling technique. Number samples are 63 respondents, gathering data using questionnaires.Results demonstrate compliance nurses perform appropriate hand washing moments principles 5 6 steps before nursing coaching mostly 31 people (49.2%) in the category enough. Compliance nurses do wash their hands according to the principles 5 6 moments after the steps carried out the majority of nursing coaching 58 people (92.1%) in both categories Statistical test results obtained Wilcoxon signed rank test P = 0.000 &lt;α 0.05 indicates no influence on the nursing coaching compliance nurses perform appropriate hand washing moments principles 5 6 steps in the inpatient unit District General Hospital Klungkung.Conclusion: No effect on adherence nurse nursing coaching perform appropriate hand washing moments principles 5 6 steps in the inpatient unit District General Hospital Klungkung. Keywords: Coaching Nursing, Compliance, Hand Wash

A comparative study of hand hygiene and alcohol-based hand rub use among Irish nursing and medical students

BackgroundIn Ireland, the setting for this study, the national prevalence rate of health care-associated infection (HCAI) in acute-care facilities is 5.2%. Hand hygiene and in particular hand rubbing using alcohol-based hand rub (ABHR) is highly efficacious in preventing HCAI transmission. Yet, compliance among healthcare professionals is sub-optimal. Less is known about the practices of nursing and medical students and no study comparing practices among these groups in Ireland was found. Hence, the aim of this study was to provide insight into the current hand hygiene and hand rubbing practices of nursing and medical students in Ireland and, by doing so, contribute to the broader understanding of this topic. MethodsThis observational study employed a cross-sectional, self-reported design. An electronically administered questionnaire was sent to all nursing and medical students from one university. Data were analysed using appropriate software. ResultsThe response rate was 37% (323/872). Higher compliance with the World Health Organisation ‘my five moments for hand hygiene’ model was reported among nursing students (NS) than medical students (MS), with scope for improvement in both disciplines identified. Hand hygiene compliance was highest after body fluid exposure (99.5% NS, 91% MS) and lowest after touching a patient's surroundings (61.5% NS, 57.5% MS). Attitudes towards hand rubbing were largely positive in both disciplines. 16% of NS were not aware of the clinical contraindications to ABHR use, compared to 45% of MS. 9% of NS did not know when to use soap and water and when to use ABHR, compared to 36% of MS. In contrast, more medical students (46%) than nursing students (22%) were routinely using alcohol-based hand rub for decontamination of hands as recommended. ConclusionsResults suggest scope to review current hand hygiene curricula focusing on the knowledge gaps, the practice deficits and the barriers to ABHR usage identified.