Hand-eye Coordination Research Articles

Health risks for medical personnel due to magnetic fields in magnetic resonance imaging.

The current state of medical and scientific knowledge on the effects of exposure to electromagnetic fields on workers in the field of clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is summarized here.A systematic literature search was conducted to analyze the health risks to medical personnel from magnetic fields in MRI. A total of 7273 sources were identified, with 7139 being excluded after screening of the title and abstract. After full-text screening, 34 sources remained and were included in this paper.There are a number of scientific publications on the occurrence of short-term sensory effects such as vertigo, metallic taste, phosphenes as well as on the occurrence of neurocognitive and neurobehavioral effects. For example, short-term exposure to clinical magnetic fields has been reported to result in a 4% reduction in speed and precision and a 16% reduction in visual contrast sensitivity at close range. Both eye-hand precision and coordination speed are affected. The long-term studies concern, among other things, the influence of magnetic fields on sleep quality, which could be linked to an increased risk of accidents. The data on the exposure of healthcare workers to magnetic fields during pregnancy is consistently outdated. However, it has been concluded that there are no particular deviations with regard to the duration of pregnancy, premature births, miscarriages, and birth weight. Epidemiological studies are lacking. With a focus on healthcare personnel, there is a considerable need for high-quality data, particularly on the consequences of long-term exposure to electromagnetic fields from clinical MRI and the effects on pregnancy. · Short-term sensory effects such as vertigo, metallic taste, phosphenes as well as neurocognitive and neurological behavioral effects may occur upon exposure to magnetic fields.. · Long-term effects mainly concern quality of sleep, which can be associated with an increased risk of accidents.. · When pregnant women were exposed to magnetic fields, no particular deviations were found with regard to the duration of pregnancy, premature births, miscarriages, and birth weight.. · König AM, Pöschke A, Mahnken AH. Health risks for medical personnel due to magnetic fields in magnetic resonance imaging. Fortschr Röntgenstr 2024; DOI 10.1055/a-2296-3860.

Relationship between visual ability assessment and punch performance in competition in male amateur boxers.

Sport visual ability plays an important role in the performance of elite athletes in competition. However, its relationship with boxers' performance has not been fully understood. This study investigated the relationship between sports visual abilities and in-competition punching performance in 26 highly trained male amateur boxers. Ten visual abilities of the boxers were tested using the Senaptec Sensory Station (Senaptec, Beaverton, OR, United States), including Visual Clarity (VC), Contrast Sensitivity (CS), Depth Perception (DP), Near Far Quickness (NFQ), Target Capture (TC), Perception Span (PS), Multiple Object Tracking (MOT), Eye-Hand Coordination (EHC), Go/No Go (GNG), and Reaction Time (RT). Performance analyses were conducted on national boxing championships conducted by the boxers to analyze their punching accuracy. Correlation and regression analyses showed that punch performance %Hit was very strong correlated with DP, EHC, GNG, and RT, and showed a strong correlation with VC, CS, and PS. %Hit was moderate correlated with MOT, while there was no correlation with NFQ and TC. In addition, RT, EHC, and DP are important visual ability variables for boxers. The results of this study indicate that there is an overall relationship between sports visual ability and boxing performance, but there is also a specific relationship between variables in visual ability and boxing performance, especially faster reaction times, better processing of visual information, and decision-making abilities, and the ability to accurately recognize the distance and position of an opponent and their punches are essential for enhancing boxing performance. Further studies are needed to investigate the relationship between sport visual ability and more comprehensive performance in boxers, and the possibility of enhancing performance through specific visual training.

Postoperative EEG abnormalities in relation to neurodevelopmental outcomes after pediatric cardiac surgery.

We had reported that postoperative EEG background including sleep-wake cycle (SWC) and discharge (seizures, spikes/sharp waves) abnormalities were significantly correlated with adverse early outcomes in children after cardiac surgery. We aimed to analyze the relations between these EEG abnormalities and neurodevelopmental outcomes at about2 years after cardiac surgery. We enrolled 121 patients undergoing cardiac surgery at 3.3 months (0.03 ~ 28 months). EEG abnormalities described above during the first postoperative 48 h were evaluated. Griffiths Mental Development Scales-Chinese was used to evaluate the quotients of overall development and 5 subscales of the child's locomotor, language, personal-social, eye-hand coordination and performance skills at 16 ~ 31 months of age. EEG background abnormalities occurred in 59/121 (48.8%) patients and 33 (55.9%) unrecovered to normal by 48 h. Abnormal SWC occurred in 15 (12.4%) patients and 7 (5.8%) unrecovered to normal by 48 h. EEG seizures occurred in 11 (9.1%) patients with frontal lobe seizures in 4. Spikes/sharp waves occurred in 100 (82.6%). EEG background abnormalities, number of spikes/sharp waves and frontal lobe seizures were significantly associated with neurodevelopmental impairment at about 1 ~ 2 year after surgery (Ps ≤ 0.05). Most parameters of EEG abnormalities were significantly associated with neurodevelopmental impairment after cardiac surgery. Neurodevelopmental impairment in children with congenital heart disease remain poorly understood. Previous studies had reported that either EEG seizures or background abnormalities were associated with worse neurodevelopmental outcomes. Our present study showed that all the EEG background and discharge abnormalities including EEG background, seizures and spikes/sharp waves in the early postoperative period were significantly associated with neurodevelopmental impairment at about 1 ~ 2 years after cardiac surgery. Comprehensive evaluation of early postoperative EEG may provide further insights about postoperative brain injury, its relation with neurodevelopmental impairment, and guide to improve clinical management.

Correlation Between Hand Eye Coordination and Agility in Recreational Squash Players

Correlation Between Hand Eye Coordination and Agility in Recreational Squash Players

772 Assessing the Impact of Gaming Skills on Robotic Surgical Skill Acquisition and Learning Curves

Abstract Robotic surgery has rapidly advanced across various medical specialties over the past decade. Extensive research has confirmed the benefits of robotic surgery, leading to improved surgical outcomes and patient satisfaction. Historically, only highly experienced consultants in laparoscopic and open surgery received training in robotic surgery to the detriment of junior surgical trainees. Virtual reality simulators have introduced gamification to enhance surgical skills. Studies have shown that individuals with gaming experience, musical aptitude, and sports backgrounds exhibit improved psychomotor skills relevant to surgery, including hand-eye coordination, reaction time, and visuospatial awareness. Despite this, there is a lack of research on how gaming and musical abilities impact robotic surgical skill acquisition and learning curves. This prospective, observational, and comparative study involved 15 novice surgeons with no prior robotic experience recruited from various UK medical institutions. Participants were divided into two groups based on their video game experience. While statistical significance was not reached (p 0.26), an observed trend favoured the gaming cohort's performance (M 56.29, SD 57.85) on the robotic surgical simulator compared to the non-gamer group (M 38.41, SD 46.77) possibly due to the limited sample size. Gamers exhibited notably superior reaction time scores (p 0.037) Additionally, gamers demonstrated enhanced overall performance in spatial reasoning and the Beat Saber game, assessing hand-eye coordination, though these differences did not reach statistical significance. This study suggests that video gaming experience may provide novice surgeons with certain advantages when beginning training on the high-fidelity dVSS robotic surgical simulator. Further research with larger participant groups may confirm these findings.

862 An Overview of Laparoscopic Surgical Training Modalities – How Does Augmented Reality Simulation Compare?

Abstract Aim Compare different types of laparoscopic training modalities and assess how AR compares to the education system using the apprenticeship model on patients and alternative training modalities, including human cadavers, box trainers, and virtual reality (VR) simulators. AR is a novel introduction to laparoscopic surgical training and can superimpose digital images and physical models with the unique advantage of combining visual realism with true-to-life haptic feedback. Method 31 papers were systematically reviewed, and the findings were compiled. Results for the available products and the technology as an educational modality were evaluated. Results Studies reported increased speed of learning, improved ability to multitask, procedural accuracy, hand-eye coordination and bimanual operation in a reduced practice time and increased success rate with AR in healthcare education. One of the limitations of AR it doesn’t reflect the non-technical skills required in the operation. Compared with other modalities AR provided faster skill acquisition and was widely preferred, except when compared to the cadaver model for straight laparoscopic colorectal skills acquisition. AR tends to have a higher initial purchasing cost but does not require the costly specialist facilities or services that cadaver or animal models do, 150 trusts in the NHS preliminary data show an estimated annual saving of £117m. Conclusions AR simulation has the potential to become the new gold standard for laparoscopic surgical training, and beyond, pending further development of literature to increase knowledge of the technology and its capabilities, on top of technological evolution to increase clinical realism.

P-785 Validation for effectiveness of the virtual reality based simulator for training of Neophyte on oocyte retrieval/ovum pickup

Abstract Study question To evaluate and measure the clinicians’ performance in oocyte pick-up procedures by using a VR based Simulator before they perform procedure on real patients Summary answer Clinicians’ oocyte pick-up performance significantly improved with the virtual reality simulator—evidenced by heightened accuracy, enhanced hand-eye coordination, and reduced procedure time. What is known already Virtual reality simulators hold immense potential in transforming medical training, providing a secure space for neophyte practitioners to repetitively practice procedures without the involvement of live subjects. However, despite their promise, there is a lack of rigorous evaluation regarding the translation of skills acquired on these platforms into improved clinical outcomes, such as oocyte retrieval. A critical need for comprehensive assessments to determine the effectiveness of virtual reality simulators in enhancing real-world clinical skills and ensuring their impact on patient care. Study design, size, duration The study utilized a quasi-experimental design, incorporating a 60-minute theoretical and 45-minute simulator training program for oocyte retrieval. A total of 40 participants were split into two groups, each consisting of 20 individuals, experiencing a 4-hour and 8-hour simulation session. Following the allocated training hours, participants completed questionnaires covering demographics, first impressions of the VR simulator, and its perceived usefulness. Participant performance was subsequently scored after completion of training. Participants/materials, setting, methods Forty neophyte participants, with master’s in Obstetrics- Gynecology, were divided into two groups for simulation training on oocyte pick-up using a virtual reality-based simulator. Performance parameters assessed included the total number of times the vaginal and ovary walls were pierced, the total number of aspirated follicles, remaining follicles, compromised follicles, blood aspiration count, and aspiration efficiency. These metrics aimed to comprehensively evaluate and measure participants’ proficiency in oocyte pick-up procedures using the virtual reality simulator. Main results and the role of chance The results show that training with the virtual reality-based simulator significantly enhanced clinician performance when performing oocyte pick-up. In the second group, there was a significant increase in the percentage of correctly aspirated follicles (77% vs. In the first group, 60% of patients (p < 0.05), while accompanied by a significant decrease in aspirating follicles time (26 s vs. 38 s, p < 0.05). This translated into improved accuracy of performance on the whole (2.77% vs 1.56%, p < 0.05). Furthermore, those in the second group significantly improved their performance time-wise (20s vs. 35s, p < 0.05), although the level of aspirated follicles remained about the same mean number. These improvements are unlikely to be attributed to chance, as the differences observed between the two groups are statistically significant. These findings are also supported by the study design itself, which divided participants according to two teams undergoing various durations of simulation training. The fact that the trends of improvement in speed and accuracy across sessions support the argument against chance also provides additional evidence, suggesting that use of a virtual reality-based simulator has consistent meaningful impact on clinician performance during oocyte retrieval procedures. Limitations, reasons for caution The study’s limitations include a small sample size, a focus on Neophyte participants without expert group involvement, and the absence of more complicated ultrasound cases in oocyte pickup scenarios. Considering, these outcomes are relatively small and highly sensitive to their groups, further research of larger and diverse group is warranted. Wider implications of the findings virtual reality simulators’ has a transformative impact on enhancing clinical competency in oocyte pick-up. The observed improvements in accuracy and efficacy in simulations imply practical implications for real clinical practice. Requirement of extensive studies with diverse participants are crucial, confirming initial positive results and unveiling enduring effects in clinical settings. Trial registration number not applicable

Effectiveness of Body Percussion Exercises on Motor and Social Skills of Male Children With Autism in Mashhad, Iran

Background and Aims Body percussion improves cognitive, visual-spatial, and psychomotor skills such as body awareness, hand-eye coordination and writing skills, as well as laterality, social-emotional stimuli, and friendly relationships of the students. In addition to educational effects, this method has also led to the development of motor skills, attention, coordination, memory, and social interaction in patients with neurological disorders. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of body percussion on the motor and social skills of boys with autism. Methods The study is quasi-experimental with an intervention. The research employed a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of this study comprised boys with autism (an age range of 8 to 14 years) studying at Tabassom 1 Elementary School in Mashhad City, Iran (allocated for autism spectrum disorders), in the academic year 2020-2021. The research population size was considered to be 55 students. In this study, the number of participants is 15 in the experimental group and 15 in the control group. The sampling was done through convenience sampling based on the inclusion criteria. The analysis of covariance was used to determine the statistical significance. Results The Mean±SD age of children participating in the study was 11.2±0.34 years. After controlling the pre-test, significant differences were observed between the experimental and control groups regarding the motor skills variable (P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference between the experimental and control groups regarding the social skills variable (P>0.05) after controlling the pre-test. Conclusion Based on the findings, body percussion intervention is a physically never-ending stimulus and almost easily available. Thus, it can affect the motor skills of autistic students as a therapeutic modality. However, it has no significant effects on social skills and needs further evaluation.

Binocular Vision Status in Coal Miners

Context: Low light in mines can cause ocular problems such as binocular vision impairment and poor hand–eye coordination. These eye diseases must be monitored. Aims: To evaluate the binocular vision status of coal mine workers. Settings and Design: This was a prospective cross-sectional study of the coal mining industry in Digwadih, Jharkhand. Methods and Material: In the present study, 134 coal miners underwent a thorough, comprehensive ocular examination and binocular vision evaluation; seventy were excluded because of ocular disorders. After discussing the goals of the study, the subjects provided signed informed consent. For statistical analysis, descriptive statistics were analyzed using Microsoft Excel. The normality of the data was then verified using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. Results: All participants were male and aged between 25 and 35 years. Nonstrabismus binocular vision dysfunctions (NSBVDs) were observed in coal miners. Convergence insufficiency was the most prevalent factor. Apart from the NSBVD, many coal miners have a chalazion with the highest percentile of 11.2. Conclusions: Poor mine lighting causes NSBVD, which affects miners’ vision. Binocular vision defects may reduce productivity if not detected or treated.

Analysis of Fine Motor Development of Children Aged 4-5 Years in KB Cendekia Bapangan Through Pottery Formation Play Activities

Pottery is one of the traditional handicrafts made of clay that is shaped in such a way and then heated until it becomes hard. This clay pottery forming game can help children's imagination to make a desired object from clay play. This study aims to determine the fine motor development of children through pottery playing activities. The research method applied in writing this article is qualitative method. The results of this study confirm the importance of paying attention to children's fine motor development, especially by parents and teachers. Fine motor development, which involves coordinating small muscles in movements such as writing and buttoning a shirt, is essential for everyday tasks. One effective method to support fine motor development is through the medium of play, especially the manufacture of pottery from clay. This activity not only improves fine motor skills, but also develops the child's creativity and sensory experience. Clay manipulation requires precise hand movements, which strengthen eye-hand coordination and dexterity. In addition, working with clay encourages children to use their imagination, provides rich sensory stimulation, and allows emotional expression through art. To integrate pottery activities into early childhood education, teachers and parents can introduce structured pottery sessions, provide free playtime, incorporate thematic projects, encourage collaborative projects, and showcase children's work to celebrate their achievements. Thus, the use of clay in early childhood learning becomes a fun and effective way to support fine motor development and other aspects of development.

Increased Functional Connectivity Between the Parietal and Occipital Modules Among Flight Cadets.

INTRODUCTION: Modular organization in brain regions often performs specific biological functions and is largely based on anatomically and/or functionally related brain areas. The current study aimed to explore changes in whole-brain modular organization affected by flight training.METHODS: The study included 25 male flight cadets and 24 male controls. The first assessment was performed in 2019, when the subjects were university freshmen. The second assessment was completed in 2022. High spatial resolution structural imaging (T1) and resting-state functional MRI data were collected. Then, 90 cerebral regions were organized into 6 brain modules. The intensity of intra- and intermodular communication was calculated.RESULTS: Mixed-effect regression model analysis identified significantly increased interconnections between the parietal and occipital modules in the cadet group, but significantly decreased interconnections in the control group. This change was largely attributed to flight training.DISCUSSION: Pilots need to control the aircraft (e.g., attitude, heading, etc.) using the stick and pedal in response to the current state of the aircraft displayed by the instrument panel; as such, flying requires a large amount of hand-eye coordination. Day-to-day flight training appeared to intensify the connection between the parietal and occipital modules among cadets.Chen X, Jiang H, Meng Y, Xu Z, Luo C. Increased functional connectivity between the parietal and occipital modules among flight cadets. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2024; 95(7):375-380.

Playing lato–lato is difficult and this is why

Lato–lato, a pendulum-based toy gaining popularity in Indonesian playgrounds, has sparked interest with competitions centered around maintaining its oscillatory motion. While some find it easy to play, the challenge lies in sustaining the oscillation, particularly in maintaining both ‘up and down collisions.’ Through a Newtonian dynamics numerical analysis using Python (code by ChatGPT), this study identifies two equilibrium phases—phase 1, characterized by normal pendulum motion, and phase 2, the double collision mode—using the driven oscillation model. In addition, further analysis and discussion are done using the obtained numeric data. The difficulty in remaining in phase 2 highlights the intricate hand-eye coordination required, shedding light on the toy’s appeal and the skill it demands.

A correlational study between Eye Hand coordination and Balance among Geriatric Badminton players

Playing badminton demands a high level of footwork, balance, grip, coordination, strokes, and serves accuracy. The study aims in measuring eye hand coordination and balance among geriatric badminton players. 43 geriatric badminton players, for Eye-hand coordination was assessed using the ruler drop test, while balance was evaluated using the Dynamic Gait Index (DGI). The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between eye-hand coordination and balance among geriatric badminton players. A correlational study was conducted with 43, geriatric badminton players [71.35±4.99], and Participants completed the ruler drop test and the DGI to assess eye-hand coordination and balance, respectively. Pearson correlation coefficient analysis was performed to determine the relationship between eye-hand coordination and balance. Results: Contrary to expectations, the correlational analysis revealed no significant correlation between eye-hand coordination and balance among geriatric badminton players (r = [0.12], p > [0.416]). Thus, the findings suggest that there is no discernible relationship between these two factors in this population.

Mproving Childrens’ Fine Motor Skills Through Collage Activities for Group A Children at Bustanul Ulum Kutowinangun Kindergarten, Sendang Agung District, Central Lampung Regency 2023/2024 Academic Year

This research was motivated by observational data on children's fine motor development activities, which showed that the learning outcomes of group A students at BUSTANUL ULUM KUTOWINANGUN Kindergarten, Sendang Agung sub-district, Central Lampung district in the 2023-2024 academic year were still low, whether they were rated BB or not. Developed in the majority of group A students. Fine motor skills are learning for preschool children, and they are related to physical skills involving small muscles and eye-hand coordination developed through routine activities and stimuli. Children's motor development develops gradually, so cooperation between teachers and parents is needed to stimulate children's fine motor development. In this research, the author chose collage as an activity that will help children develop their fine motor skills. Collage is an art technique of attaching various media to an object or pattern to create a new work of art. Using methods to stimulate children's fine motor development depends on the teacher's readiness and ability to provide simultaneous and continuous activities such as those in this research. This research is entitled "Improving the fine motor skills of young children in Group A through collage activities at Bustanul Ulum Kutowinangun Kindergarten, Sendang Agung District, Central Lampung Regency, Academic Year 2023/2024". In this research, the author used observation, interview and documentation methods. The author prepared several instruments before conducting research at Bustanul Ulum Kutowinangun Group A Kindergarten, Sendang Agung District, Central Lampung Regency. These instruments are classroom learning observation instruments, interview instruments with teachers and interview instruments with school principals.

MELATIH MOTORIK HALUS PADA ANAK USIA DINI MELALUI KEGIATAN COOKING CLASS

Children’s fine motor is one of the children’s developments that has an important aspect in children’s life it is related to children’s daily movements such as, eye-hand coordination and the work of small muscles, wrist flexibility, being able to imitate the shape and skills of using the right and left hands. The importance of fine motor in children need to be stimulated from various forms of activities, children fine motor skills have an influence of the next stage of development, namely writing skills, With the existence of this devotion, it aims to train fine motor skills in children through cooking class activities. The subject in this indication is a child aged 5–6 years. The result of this devotion, children are able to coordinate their hands – eyes and also their small muscles.

Relationship between the frequency of playing online games and the habit of consuming high-sugar drinks on adolescent

Background: Online gaming has become increasingly popular in recent years, with millions of people worldwide spending hours every day playing games. While there are many benefits to playing online games, such as improved hand-eye coordination and problem-solving skills, there are also some potential risks, such as developing unhealthy habits. One of these habits is consuming drinks high in sugar. Objectives: This research contributed to nurses as preventive and promotive programs at school or in the community. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted to identify the relationship between online gaming and the consumption of high-sugar drinks. Samples were taken from adolescents aged 15-23 years. The sample selection was carried out by chance in youth gathering areas such as cafes, The sample formula was taken using the Slovin formula, with the results being 60 samples. The research was conducted from July to August 2023 in Depok Sleman, Indonesia. Results: The study found a significant relationship between the frequency of playing online games and the habit of consuming drinks high in sugar. The more time people spend playing online games, the more likely they are to consume sugary drinks.

Recent daily life burdens associated with neovascular age-related macular degeneration involve difficulties in use of electronic devices

Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) is a prevalent cause of permanent vision loss and blindness in the elderly worldwide, with a significant impact on patients’ daily lives. However, burdens related to nAMD from the patients’ perspective have not been well documented. Here we developed a new questionnaire after eliciting nAMD patients’ daily challenges followed by a pilot survey. Seven daily life burden domains were identified, and a quantitative survey was conducted using the questionnaire in the real-world clinic. Of the total 153 participants (mean age, 76.3 ± 8.3 years), 67 (43.8%) had bilateral nAMD, and 79 (52.7%) were classified into severe nAMD according to the best-corrected visual acuity with cut-off value of 0.52 in logMAR. Patients with bilateral and severe nAMD had significantly higher burden scores across all domains. Network models for the bilateral and severe disease subgroups identified the interactions between “activity of daily living” and “hand–eye coordination” and between “use of electronic devices” and “face recognition” domains, which were considered to be important burdens for the patients. These results can advance ophthalmologists’ understanding of the impact of nAMD on patients’ daily lives and the importance of active and continuing treatment for patients with nAMD.

CNSC-01. UNDERSTANDING PEDIATRIC BRAIN TUMOR CHEMOTHERAPY INDUCED LONG-TERM DEFICITS IN HIGH-ORDER NEUROCOGNITIVE AND SENSORIMOTOR FUNCTION

Abstract BACKGROUND Because of major advancements in cancer treatment especially chemotherapy, 85% of children with cancer are predicted to survive for 5 years or more. However, chemotherapy can cause long-term health problems when childhood cancer survivors enter adulthood (known as late effects). The neurocognitive features of these late effects (chemobrain) include trouble in concentrating, memorizing, and decreased processing speed, and results in lower IQ and academic achievement, poor hand-eye coordination, and slower development over time. Despite such a negative impact on the quality of life of cancer-surviving children, the mechanism is poorly understood and there is no FDA-approved drug to prevent or cure these side effects. METHODS To gain a better understanding of the mechanism underlying chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairments, we developed a pre-clinical model using carboplatin in juvenile mice to study long-term neurological defects. We have tested the capacity of different doses of carboplatin and its long-term effect on cognitive and sensorimotor function and performed single nuclear RNA sequencing (snRNAseq) of the hippocampus. RESULTS Our preliminary data demonstrated dose-dependent deficits in executive and sensorimotor function 7-9 weeks after carboplatin administration in the mice of both sexes. snRNAseq of the hippocampus showed changes in the glial cell number as well as genes associated with oxidative phosphorylation and neurodegeneration at early and late time points. CONCLUSIONS This study established a preclinical model that can be leveraged to mechanistically understand the long-term neurocognitive side effects of brain tumor chemotherapy during childhood. Future studies will aim to identify potential targets to prevent and/or treat the neurotoxic effects of cancer treatment in pediatric patients.

A High-Precision Hand-Eye Coordination Localization Method under Convex Relaxation Optimization.

Traditional switching operations require on-site work, and the high voltage generated by arc discharges can pose a risk of injury to the operator. Therefore, a combination of visual servo and robot control is used to localize the switching operation and construct hand-eye calibration equations. The solution to the hand-eye calibration equations is coupled with the rotation matrix and translation vectors, and it depends on the initial value determination. This article presents a convex relaxation global optimization hand-eye calibration algorithm based on dual quaternions. Firstly, the problem model is simplified using the mathematical tools of dual quaternions, and then the linear matrix inequality convex optimization method is used to obtain a rotation matrix with higher accuracy. Afterwards, the calibration equations of the translation vectors are rewritten, and a new objective function is established to solve the coupling influence between them, maintaining positioning precision at approximately 2.9 mm. Considering the impact of noise on the calibration process, Gaussian noise is added to the solutions of the rotation matrix and translation vector to make the data more closely resemble the real scene in order to evaluate the performance of different hand-eye calibration algorithms. Eventually, an experiment comparing different hand-eye calibration methods proves that the proposed algorithm is better than other hand-eye calibration algorithms in terms of calibration accuracy, robustness to noise, and stability, satisfying the accuracy requirements of switching operations.

Motor coordination in relation to weight status and age in primary school children in Indonesia

Few studies have assessed the relationship between motor coordination (MC) and body composition in children. This study investigated the relationships among obesity, normal weight, and underweight in 7- to 12-year-old children in Indonesia. The suitability of the Körperkoordinationstest Für Kinder (KTK3+) as a MC assessment tool was evaluated in 986 primary school children (485 girls, 501 boys) from Riau Province, Indonesia. All children performed four subtests: balance beam, jumping sideways, moving sideways, and eye–hand coordination. Weight status (underweight, normal weight, or obese) was classified according to WHO criteria for children 5–19 years old. Childhood obesity was shown to negatively impact KTK3+ performance (p = 0.001), with some tests affected by physical characteristics and the body’s coordination needs causing the most pronounced body mass index (BMI) effects. Motor quotient (MQ) was strongly related to age. The same MQ was seen in normal-weight children across age groups (p = 0.400). Meanwhile, the MC performance of obese children in the older age group (10–12 years old) was much better than that of the lower age group (7–9 years old) (p = 0.001). We found that motor impairments were present in 17% of normal-weight children and 28.1% of obese children. Our results showed that the differences in MC associated with BMI were more pronounced in older children. While longitudinal studies are needed to solidify these findings, they underscore the importance of prioritizing early motor skill development in obese children to promote their engagement in physical activity. Keywords: body mass index, motor coordination, children, obesity, age factor