Hand Dynamometer Research Articles

Diagnostic power of serum creatinine/cystatin C ratio for identifying low MRI-muscle volume and low grip strength: Data from 9,731 to 149,707 UK Biobank older adults.

Biomarkers for sarcopenia are lacking. We examined the diagnostic power of serum creatinine to cystatin C (Cr:Cyc) ratio for identifying low MRI-muscle volume and low grip strength in a large observational study of UK Biobank older adults. Serum creatinine and cystatin C were measured via immunoassays (Beckman Coulter AU5800 and Siemens Advia 1800, respectively) and grip strength by hydraulic hand dynamometer at baseline visit (2008-2010). MRI-thigh fat-free muscle volume (FFMV) and DXA-derived appendicular lean mass were measured at imaging visit (2014-2018). Extreme outliers were removed, and covariates (demographic, lifestyle, and clinical factors, as well as time elapsed between baseline-imaging visit) were adjusted for in statistical models. 12,873 older adults (mean age: 63.5 ± 2.7 years, 44.2% women) were included for FFMV and ALM/BMI; 149,707 older adults (mean age: 64.0 ± 2.9 years, 50.5% women) for grip strength. Despite significant associations (p<0.05), in fully-adjusted models, Cr:Cyc showed poor to acceptable diagnostic power for identifying low FFMV when using cutpoints of 20th percentile (AUC: 0.577 men; 0.622 women) and T scores of -2 (AUC: 0.596 men; 0.659 women) and -2.5 (AUC: 0.609 men; 0.722 women). In fully-adjusted model, Cr:Cyc showed poor diagnostic power (AUCs: <0.70) for identifying low ALM/BMI or low grip strength irrespective of the cutpoint used. Cr:Cyc may not be a suitable biomarker for identifying low muscle volume or low strength in older adults. This finding, drawn from a large sample size and the use of advanced medical imaging, marks an important contribution to the sarcopenia field.

Physiological response to pain in patients with temporomandibular joint disorders during physiotherapy.

Pain assessment in patients with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders during physiotherapy is a challenging yet desired task. Our study addresses two issues. First, we compare the pain perception in patients with TMJ disorders and a control group. The hand dynamometer is verified as an alternate pain self-report device in the second stage. For the dynamometer validation, we employed a cuff-pressure test to induce pain of various intensities. In the second stage, physiological signals (electrodermal activity and blood volume pulse) have been acquired during the physiotherapy in a control group and patients suffering from TMJ disorder. The linear mixed-effects modeling is carried out to find differences in pain and no pain states, considering subjects' health condition. The main result of the present pilot study is that physiological reactions to painful physiotherapy do not differ between patients with chronic pain and the control group. This finding concludes that studies on TMJ disorder procedures may also be performed on healthy subjects.

Abstract 4121348: Impairments in Left Atrioventricular Coupling Underpins Reductions in Skeletal Muscle Mass and Function in Ageing Older Adults

Background: Age-related cardiovascular disease (CVD) may manifest with changes in left ventricular (LV) systolic or left atrial (LA) dysfunction. Alterations in functional performance between the LV and LA chambers characterized by LA-LV coupling may be a sensitive marker representative of impairments in global cardiac performance, compared to either chamber alone. The increasing relevance of skeletal muscle function towards cardiac health in ageing, motivated our current work that investigated associations between skeletal muscle function and LA-LV coupling. Aim : Using advanced cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) that characterizes cardiac volumetric parameters and strain functions, we determined the association between handgrip strength (HGS) and appendicular lean mass (ALM) with left atrioventricular coupling index (LACI). Methods: Community older adults without CVD underwent simultaneous assessment of HGS by hand dynamometer, height-square adjusted ALM by bio-impedance, and LA phasic function (namely reservoir, conduit, booster strain) as well as LA and LV volumetric parameters by CMR feature tracking. LACI is defined as the ratio of the ratio of LA to LV end-diastolic volumes. We performed linear regression and multivariable logistic regression to examine the relationship between HGS/ALM and LACI. Results: Among 251 study participants (mean age: 71 ± 9.1 years, female 44.7%), 149 (59%) had impaired LACI. HGS was linearly associated with LACI (β=-0.004, p=0.003) and LVEDV (β=1.62, p&lt;0.0001), and ALM was linearly associated with LA volume (β=0.55, p=0.018) and LVEDV (β=3.45, p&lt;0.0001) (Figure.1). Participants with impaired LACI (&gt; 25%) had lower HGS (mean=22.8 ± 7.1 kg vs 26.1 ± 6.4 kg, p= 0.0002), lower ALM (16.4 ± 4.2 kg/m2 vs 17.7 ± 3.8 kg/m2, p=0.014), higher LA volume (36.8 ± 15.2 ml vs 22.0 ± 5.5 ml, p &lt; 0.0001) and lower LV end-diastolic volume (101.0 ± 24.2 ml vs 111.9 ± 27.3 ml, p = 0.0011). The association between impaired LA-LV coupling and lower HGS (β=-0.0647, 95%CI -0.0255, -0.1040, p=0.001) and lower ALM (β=-0.0776, 95%CI -0.0107, -0.1444, p=0.011) persisted after adjusting for age. Conclusion: Reduced HGS and ALM among community-dwelling older adults was associated with impaired LA-LV coupling suggestive of underlying early-stage LA remodelling and impairments in left atrioventricular compliance. Detection of reduced HGS and ALM in community cohorts may prompt early identification of older adults at risk of dysfunctional cardiac aging.

Reliability, validity and usability of the K-force® grip dynamometer to evaluate handgrip-strength in patients with intensive care unit-acquired weakness.

Handgrip dynamometry is recognised as a method for evaluating volitional muscle strength in the intensive care, but conventional handgrip dynamometers cannot accurately measure grip strength in very weak patients. The aim of this study was to determine the reliability, validity and usability of the K-force® grip in patients with intensive care unit-acquired weakness. Evaluation of measurement properties of the K-force® grip. Two Intensive Care Units in The Netherlands. Patients diagnosed with intensive care unit-acquired weakness according to a Medical Research Council sum score <48. Intra- and inter-rater reliability of the K-force® grip were assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient. Concurrent validity was examined using calibration weights. The usability was evaluated with the System Usability Scale. Intra-rater reliability showed an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.987 for the dominant hand and 0.972 for the non-dominant hand. Inter-rater reliability showed coefficients of 0.944 for the dominant hand and 0.942 for the non-dominant hand. There was a perfect correlation (r = 1) between the K-force® grip and the calibration weights. The usability of the K-force® grip was rated excellent by 11 healthcare professionals with a System Usability Scale score of 86. The K-force® grip is a promising new tool for the evaluation of muscle strength in intensive care unit-acquired weakness patients who are too weak to use conventional hand dynamometers.

A Neglected Point: Frailty in Older Adults with Differentiated Thyroid Cancer.

This study investigated the risk of frailty in older adults with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) and the effect of thyroid- stimulating hormone (TSH) levels on frailty. This single-center, cross-sectional study included 70 DTC patients aged ≥60 years with stable TSH levels during the previous year while receiving levothyroxine. Frailty was assessed using the fried frailty phenotype (FFP). Anterior thigh muscle thickness was measured by ultrasound, and the sonographic thigh adjustment ratio (STAR) index was calculated. Muscle strength was measured using a hand dynamometer. Physical activity was determined by the physical activity scale for the elderly (PASE). The median (interquartile range) age and follow-up time were 65 years (62 to 71) and 11 years (7.0 to 14.2), respectively. The median TSH level was 1.10 μIU/mL (0.49 to 1.62), and 58.6% of patients were prefrail/frail. Muscle mass and strength were reduced in 35.7% and 17.2% of patients, respectively. TSH levels were lower in those with prefrailty/frailty (P=0.002), low muscle mass (P=0.014), and low strength (P=0.037) than in their normal counterparts. TSH levels correlated negatively with FFP (P= 0.001) and positively with the STAR index (P=0.034). TSH below 1.325 μIU/mL was associated with an increased frailty risk (area under the curve=0.719; P=0.001). Low TSH, female sex, low handgrip strength, and low PASE leisure time scores emerged as independent predictors of frailty (P<0.05). Older adults with lower TSH levels due to DTC are at high frailty risk and have low muscle mass and strength. Therefore, TSH targets should be set based on a comprehensive evaluation with consideration of the risk-benefit ratio.

Virtual reality based rehabilitation and upper limb dysfunction post burn

Purpose. To evaluate the effectiveness of virtual reality based rehabilitation in improving upper limb functions and ADL of burned patients. Methods. Randomized controlled trial. Overall, 42 patients of both genders with age ranged from 20-45 years with with second-degree burn were selected from outpatient clinic in the faculty of physical therapy, Cairo university and randomly distributed into two equal groups. Their ages ranged from 20 to 45 years. Group A (virtual reality) received virtual reality (VR)-based rehabilitation in addition to conventional rehabilitation: inform of (Stretching exercises, ROM exercises, strength training) for four weeks. Group B (traditional physical therapy) received traditional physiotherapy (Stretching exercises, ROM exercises, strength training) for four weeks. They were assessed with Arabic quick dash, goniometer and hand dynamometer. Results. There was a significant improvement in DASH, hand grip strength and shoulder ROM post-treatment, compared to pre-treatment (P-value ≤ 0.001) in both groups. There was significant difference between groups in the improvement in DASH, hand grip strength and shoulder ROM at post-treatment (P-value &lt; 0.01), in favor of group A. Conclusion. Virtual reality based rehabilitation were proven effective on improving upper limb functions and ADL of burned patients.

Effect of BOTELI practice frequency and hand grip strength on rally groundstroke forehand tennis skills in sports students: A two-way ANOVA analysis

Introduction. BOTELI is intended to train beginner tennis players in rally groundstrokes. BOTELI is different from a ball-throwing machine Study Aims. 1) To determine the effect of BOTELI practice frequency on rally groundstroke forehand tennis skills. 2) To evaluate the effect of BOTELI training and hand grip strength on rally groundstroke forehand tennis skill. 3) To examine the interaction effect between BOTELI practice frequency and hand grip strength on rally groundstroke forehand tennis skill. Materials and Methods. The research used an experimental method. The study sample was 48 sports students from Sebelas Maret University in 2024. The data collection involved using the Kem-Vincent rally tests to assess rally skills and a hand dynamometer to measure hand grip strength. The data analysis technique used a 2×2 factorial two-way ANOVA with a significance level of α = 0.05, using SPSS version 26 software for Windows. Results. The results showed that BOTELI practice frequency could improve forehand tennis rally groundstroke skills, with a value of (0.000 &lt; α 0.05) and (F-count = 128.004 &gt; F-table 4.06). Hand grip strength can improve rally groundstroke forehand tennis skills, with a value (0.000 &lt; α 0.05) and (F-count = 83.505 &gt; F-table 4.06). There was an interaction between BOTELI training frequency and hand grip strength in improving rally groundstroke forehand tennis skills, with a value of (0.000 &lt; α 0.05) and (F-count = 9.278 &gt; F-table 4.06). So, improving rally groundstroke forehand Tennis skills was influenced by the BOTELI frequency training and hand grip strength. Conclusions. This study showed that for beginner tennis players, the improvement of rally groundstroke forehand tennis skill can be effectively achieved using the BOTELI method. This method has been proven to be valid and reliable in rapidly improving rally groundstroke forehand tennis skill while providing an efficient, effective, and enjoyable exercise experience.

Comparative analysis of hand dynamometer measurements across different arm positions: implications for rehabilitation and functional assessment

Background and Study Aim. Grip strength is a crucial measure of human physical capability, affecting activities from daily tasks to athletic performance. Variations in arm position during grip strength measurement may influence the results, which has significant implications for both rehabilitation and functional assessment. This study explores the impact of different arm positions on grip strength to enhance understanding of human biomechanics and inform rehabilitation and sports training practices. Material and Methods. Forty right-handed male volunteers (mean age 18.27 ± 0.90 years) participated in the study. Grip strength was measured using a CAMRY Model: EH101 hand dynamometer. Measurements were taken across four arm positions: seated with elbow extension, 90-degree elbow flexion, 90-degree elbow flexion with pronation, and 90-degree elbow flexion with supination. Each position was tested three times. The highest recorded value for each position was used for analysis. Results. The dominant right hand exhibited higher grip strength across all positions compared to the non-dominant left hand. Significant differences were noted, with the greatest grip strength in the extension position. Statistical analysis using paired t-tests indicated significant differences (p &lt; 0.001) between the right and left hands across all positions. Pearson correlation coefficients highlighted strong relationships between different arm positions. Multiple linear regression analysis showed significant predictors of grip strength variability based on arm position, age, and BMI. Conclusions. Arm position significantly influences grip strength performance, underscoring the importance of standardized positioning in ergonomics. Standardizing arm position can optimize performance and mitigate injury risks in activities requiring robust grip strength. These findings have practical implications for rehabilitation protocols, sports training programs, and ergonomic assessments. The results emphasize the need for consistency in grip strength evaluations to ensure accurate and reliable results.

Influence of Grip Strength and the Onset of Musculoskeletal Disorders in Professional Drivers in Ibarra and Chone, 2024

B Musculoskeletal disorders represent a significant problem in the workplace, affecting the health and productivity of workers, potentially leading to permanent disabilities. They are common in occupations involving repetitive activities or prolonged postures. The aim of the study was to determine the influence of grip strength on the onset of musculoskeletal disorder symptoms in professional drivers. A cross-sectional, quantitative, descriptive, correlational, non-experimental study was conducted, the sample consisted of 277 professional drivers. Grip strength was measured using a CAMRY hand dynamometer, and the Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaire (CMDQ) was administered. Drivers exhibited adequate grip strength, with a slight dominance in the right hand (42.1 kg vs. 41.6 kg), 22% (n=61) of the drivers were at moderate or high risk of musculoskeletal disorders in the neck, 17% (n=46) in the shoulders, and 25% (n=68) in the lower back. In conclusion, no statistically significant association was found between grip strength and the occurrence of MSDs; grip strength alone is not a determining factor in the development of these disorders in the studied population.

Hand dynamometer and clinical tests to evaluate the recovery of neuromuscular conductance in atracurium versus rocuronium in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery

Background. Postoperative muscle weakness is not unusual and may be related to postoperative complications in patients after general anesthesia. However, the clinical practice of neuromuscular conductance monitoring is uncommon among anesthesiologists.The objective was to evaluate the rate of neuromuscular recovery after atracurium and rocuronium and to determine the numerical value of grip strength using a hand dynamometer, indicating the safety of transferring a patient from the postoperative ward.study design. A prospective, observational, clinical comparison study.Materials and Methods. Upon proper authorization and approval from the local ethics committee, patients referred for laparoscopic surgery, 120 patients of the American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) physical status I &amp;II between ages 20–49 years were randomly assigned into 2 groups of 60 each. Group I received a single atracurium dose of 0.5mg/kg of ideal body weight and Group II patients received a single rocuronium dose of 0.6mg/kg of ideal body weight. Parameters such as modified Alderete score (MAS), grip strength, and sustained head and leg lift for five seconds were compared in both groups 50 minutes after giving the reversal agent at 10-minute intervals.Results. Postoperative muscle recovery (grip strength) was faster in the atracurium group than the rocuronium group, with a p-value of 0.042 at 20 minutes, and 0.0000 for 30, 40, and 50 minutes after giving the reversal agent. The time to obtain a modified Alderete score (MAS) &gt; 8 scores was statistically insignificant with a p-value of 0.335. Positive clinical test for sustained head lift for 5 seconds was statistically insignificant within a majority of the time, except in the 20 minutes, most of the cases in the atracurium group were able to sustain head elevation for 5 seconds with a p-value of 0.021. In the 10 &amp;20 minutes, most cases in the atracurium group could sustain leg elevation for 5 seconds with a p-value of 0.015 and 0.014 respectively. However, most cases in both groups could sustain head and leg elevation for 5 seconds in the 30 minutes after giving a reversal agent.Conclusion. Compared to rocuronium, atracurium has been associated with faster muscle recovery after a single tracheal intubation dose for a short surgery. This was determined by utilizing an electronic hand dynamometer to measure grip strength. 42% grip strength from baseline might be applicable for safe discharge from the recovery room. A hand dynamometer assessment revealed more post-operative muscle weakening than a clinical evaluation.

Quality of life and somatic physical function of patients with colorectal cancer who underwent oxaliplatin-based systemic chemotherapy: a prospective study.

This study aimed to study the potential effects of oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy on cardiorespiratory fitness, handgrip strength (HGS), body composition, and quality of life (QoL) of stages III-IV colorectal cancer (CRC) patients before the first cycle (T0) and after the last cycle of systemic adjuvant/neoadjuvant chemotherapy (T1). Cardiorespiratory fitness, HGS, body composition, and QoL were evaluated with the six-minute walk test (6MWT), hydraulic hand dynamometer, body composition analyzer, and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Colon (FACT-C) questionnaire in both T0 and T1, respectively. Twenty-eight CRC patients were included in this study. The total walked distance (TWD) was found to be decreased from T0 to T1 (499.72m vs. 488.56m); however, this change was not significant (z = -.706, p = 0.48). Type of chemotherapy whether adjuvant or neoadjuvant also showed no significant effect on TWD (z = -.1.372, p = .17 vs z = -1.180, p = .238, respectively). The QoL was significantly decreased (T0 = 118.35 vs T1 = 110.77, t = 2.176,p = 0.05). The TWD was significantly correlated with the physical well-being (PWB) subscale of FACT-C (r = .64, p = 0.001) as well as with HGS (r = .46, p = .018) in T0. After controlling for age, type of chemotherapy, and type of regimen, the HGS did not show a significant difference from T0 to T1 (F(1,23) = 1.557, p = .22, ηp2 = .06). However, the effect of time x gender showed significant difference from T0 to T1 (F(1,23) = 4.906, p = .037, ηp2 = .17). This study showed the decreased QoL and physical well-being of CRC patients who underwent oxaliplatin-based treatment. In addition, the gender effect of decreased HGS should be considered further when planning an oncological rehabilitation program.

Prospective associations of genetic susceptibility to high blood pressure and muscle strength with incident cardiovascular disease outcomes.

This study explored the prospective associations of genetic susceptibility to high blood pressure (BP) and muscle strength with cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality, incident coronary heart disease (CHD) and incident stroke. This study included 349 085 white British individuals from the UK Biobank study. Genetic risk of high BP was estimated using a weighted polygenic risk score that incorporated 136 and 135 nonoverlapping single-nucleotide polymorphisms for systolic BP and diastolic BP, respectively. Muscle strength was assessed using a hand dynamometer and expressed relative to fat-free mass. Sex- and age-specific tertiles were used to classify muscle strength into three categories. Cox regressions with age as the underlying timescale were fit for CVD mortality (n = 8275), incident CHD (n = 14 503), and stroke (n = 7518). Compared with the lowest genetic risk of high BP (bottom 20%), the highest (top 20%) had greater hazards of each outcome. Low muscle strength was associated with higher hazards of CVD mortality [hazard ratio (HR): 1.51, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.43-1.59], incident CHD (HR: 1.16, 95% CI: 1.11-1.21), and stroke (HR: 1.20, 95% CI: 1.14-1.27), independently of confounders and genetic predisposition to high BP, compared with high muscle strength. Joint analyses revealed that the estimated 10-year absolute risks of each outcome were lower for high muscle strength combined with high genetic risk, compared with low muscle strength combined with low or medium genetic risk. Individuals who are genetically predisposed to high BP but have high muscle strength could have lower risk of major CVD events, compared with those who have low or medium genetic risk but low muscle strength.

Evaluating physical outcomes in elderly sport and dance rollator users

The present single-arm pilot study investigates the effects of a video-based dance intervention on physical outcomes in elderly individuals utilizing sports and dance rollators. In addition, the dance videos used in the current study are intended to integrate into the future Intercommunication Technology (ICT)-Rollator for the elderly. The aim is to evaluate the physical outcomes (such as gait, balance, mobility, and hand grip strength) during guided movement training (dance) using a video projected in a laboratory setting. The pilot study involved six elderly rollator users (aged 85 and above). In the initial assessment, subjects were screened for mobility and coordination limitations prior to pre-testing using a four-square-step test and the SF-36 questionnaire. Both pre-testing and post-testing included assessments of mobility, balance, and spatiotemporal gait parameters using the Timed Up-and-Go (TUG) test, Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and the Optogait system, respectively. Hand grip strength was measured using a hand dynamometer and reaction time was measured using a pipe-drop test. Blood pressure was monitored every 15 minutes during the training sessions to prevent adverse events, maintaining an upper range of 140-150/90-96. Adherence rates were measured based on the total duration of activity, calories burned per session, and dropout rates. Post-session questionnaires were administered to verify the respondents' qualitative evaluations of their degrees of exhaustion, enjoyment, impediments, facilitators, and suggested changes. The intervention included heart rate monitoring, which revealed gradual and slight increases in heart rate intensity and gradual decreases in heart rate ranges (HRR) during the dance sessions. The results indicate improvements in balance, mobility, gait, and adherence rates. Future longitudinal research will further examine the effectiveness of the dance intervention using the ICT-Rollator, comparing it to a control group using a conventional rollator. The ICT-Rollator could be a unique rehabilitation aid for the elderly, offering promising improvements.

Increasing handgrip strength via post-hypnotic suggestions with lasting effects

In our study, we suggested participants to feel strong during hypnosis and tested if that affected their handgrip strength. Handgrip strength is measured via a hand dynamometer and indicates muscle strength and participants’ general medical condition. In addition, we obtained subjective ratings of strength via a visual analogue scale. We developed a hypnosis intervention to increase strength and tied the feeling of strength to a post-hypnotic power anchor. Participants could activate this power anchor afterwards to feel strong again. We also had a randomized control group that read Arnold Schwarzenegger’s autobiography instead of hypnosis. We tested the effect of the post-hypnotic power anchor on two experimental sessions separated by one week. Our data show that participants in the hypnosis group felt significantly stronger when they activated their post-hypnotic power anchor compared to their own baseline, both in the first and second experimental session. In addition, participants in the hypnosis group showed a significant increase in objective handgrip strength compared to their own baseline one week after the hypnosis session. We conclude that our hypnosis intervention primarily improved strength perception and secondary objective handgrip strength. Our intervention can help patients to improve their medical condition and athletes to improve their sport performance.

Effects of Neuromuscular Training on Postural Balance and Physical Performance in Older Women: Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Aging causes morphological and physiological changes, especially in the musculoskeletal and somatosensory systems, leading to sarcopenia and reduced postural balance, increasing the risk of falls and loss of independence. This study aimed to analyze the effects of a neuromuscular training program on postural balance, physical performance, and muscle strength in older Chilean women. Methods: The double-blind randomized controlled trial included 48 participants aged 65-80 who were divided into three groups: a control group (CG), a multicomponent training group (MCG), and a neuromuscular training group (NMG). Postural balance was assessed using a force platform with open eyes (OE) and closed eyes (CE) conditions, measuring ML velocity, AP velocity, mean radius, and area. Physical performance was evaluated with the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), including static balance, 4-m walking speed, and 5× sit-to-stand chair test. Muscle strength was measured using a hydraulic hand dynamometer to record maximum grip force. Results: Significant time × group interactions in the CE condition were found for mean radius (F = 0.984; p = 0.017; ηp2 = 0.184), AP velocity (F = 10.01; p = 0.001; ηp2 = 0.312), and ML velocity (F = 4.30; p = 0.027; ηp2 = 0.163). Significant pre-post differences in the NMG for mean radius (p < 0.001), AP velocity (p < 0.001), and ML velocity (p = 0.029) were observed, with no significant changes in CG. Significant time × group interactions were also found in the SPPB test score (F = 11.49; p < 0.001; ηp2 = 0.343), gait speed (F = 5.513; p = 0.012; ηp2 = 0.198), and sit-to-stand test (F = 5.731; p = 0.010; ηp2 = 0.206), but not in the balance score (F = 2.099; p = 0.148). Handgrip strength showed no significant interactions (F = 3.216; p = 0.061; ηp2 = 0.127). Conclusions: These findings suggest that neuromuscular training is a promising intervention to mitigate the decline in balance and physical function associated with aging, offering a targeted approach to improve the quality of life in the elderly.

Are pelvic floor muscle function, quadriceps femorismuscle, gluteus mediusmuscle, hand grip strength and functional performance affected by incontinence types in elderly people with urinary incontinence?

The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between incontinence type and pelvic floor muscle function, gluteus mediusmuscle, quadriceps femorismuscle, hand grip strength, functional performance and balance in elderly people with incontinence. This cross-sectional study was conducted in a nursing home with 78 elderly people with stress (SUI, n: 20), urgency (UUI, n: 27) and mixed (MUI, n: 31) urinary incontinence. "Urogenital Distress Inventory-6, Incontinence Impact Questionnaire Form-7, Overactive Bladder-8" were used to evaluate incontinence symptoms and severity. Superficial electromyography was used to evaluate the function of the PFM. A hand dynamometer was used to evaluate hand grip strength, and a digital manual muscle tester was used to evaluate quadriceps femoris (QF) and gluteus medius muscle strength. Short Physical Performance Battery and Time Up and Go Test were performed for functional performance. There was no significant difference between PFM contraction and relaxation functions, gluteus medius, QF muscle strength, functional performance (p > 0.05) but hand grip strength was highest in the group with UUI (ptotal: 0.022).The group with the highest rate of low hand grip strength is MUI (38.7%). A weak positive correlation was found between QF muscle strength and PFM Work Average value in the MUI group (r: 0.370, p: 0.048). In the MUI group, a moderate positive correlation was found between hand grip strength and gluteus medius muscle strength (r: 0.499, p: 0.005). Our findings show that hand grip strength is related to the type of incontinence in the elderly people. The average hand grip strength was highest in the elderly people with UUI. Additionally, there was a positive relationship between gluteus medius and hang grip strength in MUI. It may provide guidance for evaluation and risk factors in elderly people with incontinence.

Exploring Hand Function and Performance Disparities among Women in Varied Occupational Spheres: A Preliminary Report

Abstract Introduction The hand represents the most interactive aspect of the upper extremity. Previous research indicates that young individuals and females typically exhibit superior hand dexterity. Limited literature exists regarding the impact of occupations that require dexterous activities on hand function, potentially influencing the preservation of dexterity as individuals age. Objectives This study sought to assess the hand dexterity, grip strength, and pinch strength of female beedi rollers involved in intricate tasks with those of female nonbeedi workers across different age brackets. Materials and Methods This study in a community setting included a sample of 664 female participants, evenly distributed between two groups. The participants were further categorized into age brackets: 25 to 34, 35 to 44, 45 to 54, and 55 to 64 years. Dexterity, grip strength, and pinch strength were assessed using Purdue Pegboard, Jamar hand dynamometer, and pinch meter, respectively. Statistical Analysis Descriptive statistics with mean and standard deviation; analysis of variance and post hoc Bonferroni test were done for multiple comparisons. Results Manual dexterity scores, grip strength, and pinch strength were evaluated and recorded for all age groups among both beedi rollers and nonbeedi workers. Manual dexterity scores were higher in beedi rollers than nonbeedi workers for all age groups, with statistically significant differences (p &lt; 0.05). Similarly, grip strength and pinch strength scores were significantly greater in beedi rollers across all age groups (p &lt; 0.05), except for pinch strength in the nondominant hands of participants aged 35 to 44 and 45 to 54 years of nonbeedi workers, where the differences were not statistically significant (p &gt; 0.05). Conclusion Across all age brackets, beedi rollers exhibited superior manual dexterity, grip strength, and pinch strength compared with nonbeedi rollers. The elevated dexterity scores observed in beedi rollers aged 25 years and older suggest that occupations requiring dexterity may positively influence and maintain hand performance as individuals age, thus highlighting the potential benefits of dexterity-based occupations on aging.

Handgrip strength is associated with functioning in patients with mental disorders: A two-center cross-sectional study

Physical and mental health are intricated, however, there is a paucity of studies investigating the association between self-reported global functioning and handgrip strength and functional capacity in people with mental disorders. This study investigated the association between functioning, handgrip strength, and functional capacity in outpatients with a range of mental disorders. This was a two-center, cross-sectional study. Functioning was assessed with the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0). Handgrip strength was assessed with a hand dynamometer, and functional exercise capacity through the 2-min walk test (2 MW T). Multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify the association between WHODAS 2.0, handgrip strength, and functional capacity, adjusted for study site, age, educational level, and severity of psychiatric symptoms. A total of 91 outpatients (mean age = 40.16 ± 13.49, 63.7% females) participated in the study. The mean functioning score was 26.77 (±8.74) out of 60 points, while the mean distance walked was 142.20 ± 34.40 m and the mean handgrip strength was 30.62 ± 11.17 kgf. The adjusted multiple linear regression analysis revealed that only handgrip strength (p = 0.008, 95%CI = −0.327 to −0.050) was associated with functioning. Thus, our results revealed that muscular strength is associated with functioning in patients with mental disorders. This study suggests the importance of incorporating physical health assessment into mental health care for a comprehensive assessment of functioning levels, which is usually restricted to mental symptoms.

6427 Impact of Adrenalectomy On Frailty And Muscle Function In Patients With Mild Autonomous Cortisol Secretion: A Prospective Longitudinal Study

Abstract Disclosure: J. Saini: None. V. Fell: None. B. Atkinson: None. S. Achenbach: None. I. Bancos: None. Background: Patients with mild autonomous cortisol secretion (MACS) have a higher prevalence of frailty and reduced muscle strength as compared to patients with nonfunctioning adrenal adenomas or subjects without adrenal disorders. Objective: To determine the impact of adrenalectomy on frailty and parameters of functional strength in patients with MACS. Methods: We conducted a single-center prospective longitudinal study of adults with MACS scheduled for adrenalectomy and referent subjects evaluated between 2018 and 2023. MACS was defined as serum cortisol&amp;gt;1.8 mcg/dL after 1 mg dexamethasone suppression test in patients with adrenal adenomas and no features of overt hypercortisolism. Referent subjects were included if they had abdominal imaging and had no adrenal disorders. Patients and referent subjects had a baseline and a follow-up evaluation at least 10 months later. Differences were assessed using paired t-tests for (1) Frailty Index (FI)--calculated using a questionnaire containing 47 variables on comorbidities, symptoms, and daily living activities (frailty defined as FI&amp;gt;0.25) (2) physical function assessed using handgrip strength (Jamar Plus digital hand dynamometer), timed up-and-go test (time taken to rise from a chair, walk to and from 3 m, and sit down), gait speed, 6-minute walk test, and (3) Advanced Glycation End (AGE) Product (using AGE reader). Results: We evaluated 41 patients before and after adrenalectomy, and 31 referent subjects at baseline and follow-up visit, at a similar interval (median 1.6, IQR 1.2-2.0 vs 1.5 years, IQR 1.0-2.2, P=0.759). While sex distributions were no different between the 2 groups (women, 66% vs 84%, P=0.086), patients with MACS were older than the referent group (median age 57.3, IQR 48.8-66.9 vs 49.0, IQR 41.7-57.9 years, P=0.005). Post-adrenalectomy, FI decreased by a mean of 0.057 (SD 0.08), P&amp;lt;0.001 in patients, and remained unchanged in the referent group. AGE decreased in patients by 0.148 (SD 0.45), P=0.04 but not in referent subjects (-0.047, SD 0.242, P=0.5). Patients demonstrated no improvement in parameters of muscle strength: gait speed (mean change 0.305 m/s, P=0.453), 6-minute walk test (mean change 16.4 meters, P=0.201), dominant (mean Z score change -0.055, P=0.72) and nondominant (mean Z score change -0.199, P=0.192) hand grip muscle strength. At follow-up, both patients (mean change 1.897 seconds, P&amp;lt;0.001) and referent subjects (mean change=1.475 seconds, P&amp;lt;0.001) demonstrated a deterioration on the timed up-and-go test. Conclusions: While no improvement was seen in the parameters of muscle strength, adrenalectomy improved the frailty index in patients with MACS. In addition, AGE, a biomarker associated with cardiovascular morbidity, decreased after adrenalectomy, suggesting a beneficial cardiovascular impact of MACS reversal. Presentation: 6/1/2024

The Upper Extremity Lymphatic System Is Not Symmetrical in Individuals: An Anatomic Study Utilizing ICG Lymphography and SPECT/CT Lymphoscintigraphy.

We evaluated whether superficial lymphatic anatomy and functional lymph node drainage are symmetric between the right and left upper extremities of healthy female volunteers, and if handedness is associated with symmetry of superficial lymphatic anatomy. Symmetry of lymphatic anatomy has been assumed historically. This assumption of individual anatomic symmetry is being utilized clinically and in research without validation. 36 normal female volunteers underwent bilateral indocyanine green (ICG) lymphography and lymphoscintigraphy of the upper extremities. Eight collecting vessel pathways of each upper extremity were mapped on ICG lymphography. 13 lymph node groups were visualized on lymphoscintigraphy. Symmetry of lymphatic anatomy and functional drainage were established by comparing the right and left extremities of each participant. Hand dominance was assessed by hand grip strength on a hand dynamometer. Among the 36 participants, 10 (28%) showed symmetry of all eight upper extremity lymphatic pathways with ICG. However, only 1 (3%) participant demonstrated complete symmetry amongst the 13 lymph node groups. Total symmetry of lymphatic channels was observed on ICG in seven (39%) participants with hand dominance and three (17%) participants without hand dominance (X2 = 2.215, P = 0.137). Lymphatic anatomy and functional drainage of the upper extremities are not consistently symmetric. Functional nodal drainage as demonstrated by lymphoscintigraphy shows less symmetry than anatomic studies of lymphatic channels using ICG. Symmetric lymphatic anatomy does not appear to correlate with hand dominance. These findings challenge the prevailing assumption of left-right lymphatic symmetry.