Hammering Effect Research Articles

Preparation of highly dense Ti-based coatings with enhanced corrosion protection performance via cold spray

In the current study, relatively large TC4 powder (D50: 35.1 μm) were blended with Ti powder (D50: 24.2 μm) in different mixing fractions (0, 10, 30, 50, 100 vol%) to prepare corrosion protection Ti-based coatings on 1045 steel substrates via cold spray under moderate ‘intensity’ deposition condition. The idea is to utilize the strong hammering effect of hard TC4 particles to significantly densify the originally loose Ti layer, while the inclusion of TC4 particles after deposition will not cause severe galvanic problem with Ti due to similar free potential in corrosive medium, which avoids the deterioration of the corrosion resistance of Ti-based coating. Results show that cold sprayed Ti-based coating with high density (99.8 %) was achieved when the mixed powder contains 30 vol% TC4 particles. Moreover, only a slight decrease trend in deposition efficiency of the mixed powder is shown with the increase of TC4 content. Electrochemical tests and cross-sectional microstructural observations indicate that this coating is not permeable during the entire 24 h immersion in 10 wt% HCl solution, thus provided excellent corrosion protection for the substrate. The present method of cold spraying Ti and TC4 mixed powders exhibits great potential for economical and effective preparations of Ti-based corrosion protection coatings.

Numerical prediction of surface morphology and roughness in rotary ultrasonic face grinding SiO2f/SiO2 composite

The SiO2f/SiO2 ceramic matrix composite has been applied to fabricate high-performance radar radome because of its good wave transmission and mechanical property. The machined surface morphology and roughness of SiO2f/SiO2 ceramic matrix composite have an important impact on the service performance of radome products. This paper presented a numerical model to predict surface morphology for grinding of SiO2f/SiO2 composite. The prediction model was based on finite element method (FEM). Both conventional face grinding (CFG) and rotary ultrasonic face grinding (RUFG) of SiO2f/SiO2 composite were FEM simulated by integrating the microstructure of SiO2f/SiO2, the constitutive as well as failure mechanism of fiber/matrix, and the coupling grinding effect of multiple abrasive grits. The machined surface morphology was predicted by extracting node coordinates on simulated ground surface. The numerical prediction results were quantitatively validated using experimental results of ground surface roughness Sa. The application of the proposed prediction model not only elucidated the influence law of fiber orientations and machining parameters on ground surface quality but also revealed the different shear failure modes of SiO2 fiber during grinding process. The ground surface of SiO2f/SiO2 was deteriorated by uncut-off debonding fibers and fiber peeling pits. Ultrasonic-assisted vibration was beneficial to improve ground surface quality by force reduction and hammering effect caused by intermittent machining. However, the key prerequisite for the ultrasonic hammering effect to exert its process advantage was that the ultrasonic hammering energy could effectively fracture fibers on the ground surface rather than being absorbed by crack propagation at the fiber–matrix interface.

Irradiation Temperature Dependence of Shape Elongation of Metal Nanoparticles in Silica: Counterevidence to Ion Hammering Related Scenario

Irradiation temperature (IT) dependence of the elongation efficiency of vanadium nanoparticles (NPs) in SiO2 was evaluated: The samples were irradiated with 120 MeV Ag9+ ions to a fluence of 1.0 × 1014 ions/cm2 each at ITs of 300, 433, 515, and 591 K, while the measurements were performed at room temperature. The vanadium was selected for the NP species because of the highest bulk m.p. of 1910 °C (2183 K) among all the species of the elemental metal NPs in which the shape elongation was observed. The highest m.p. could contribute negligible size changes of NPs against inevitable exposure to high temperatures for the IT dependence measurements. The elongation of V NPs was evaluated qualitatively by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and quantitatively by optical linear dichroism (OLD) spectroscopy. The electron microscopy studies showed a pronounced elongation of NPs with ion irradiation at the elevated temperatures. The OLD signal was almost constant, or even slightly increased with increasing the IT from 300 to 591 K. This IT dependence provides a striking contrast to that of the ion hammering (IH) effect, which predicts a steep decrease with increasing IT. Combined with the other two counterevidence previously reported, the IH-related effect is excluded from the origin of the shape elongation of metal NPs in SiO2.

SrTiO3 surface micro-structuring with swift heavy ions in grazing incidence geometry

In this work, we present first experimental results on the micro-structuration of monocrystalline strontium titanate (100)-SrTiO3. A self-organized structure appears on its surface due to irradiation with 0.71 MeV/u 129Xe23+ and 0.55 MeV/u 136Xe19+ swift heavy ions at room temperature and under grazing incidence. The resulting wave-like structure appears normal to the direction of the ion beam. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses were undertaken to probe microstructural properties below the surface, revealing in particular surface amorphization at high fluences. Such amorphous surface layers, further irradiated at high fluences, may lead to an anisotropic plastic deformation (hammering) effect, inducing the observed self-organized structure due to the grazing angle configuration. This surface morphology was characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM). A dependency of the periodicity as well as the width of the undulations on the irradiation angle was found as they evolve in the same way. As the ripple formation depends on the irradiation parameters, the characteristics of these patterns can be controlled and thus opens the possibilities for custom surface structuration.

Experimental study on the removal behavior of SiCf/SiC by traditional and ultrasonic vibration assist scratching with single grain diamond

Due to their excellent mechanical properties at elevated temperatures, Ceramic Matrix Composites (CMCs) are increasingly used in the manufacture of critical components for industries such as aerospace, nuclear and automotive. However, its high hardness, brittleness, anisotropy, and non-homogeneity lead to severe tool wear and uneven cutting process during material removal machining, making it difficult to control the surface quality. To gain an in-depth understanding of the material removal mechanism of CMCs for grinding processing, variable depth-of-cut scratch tests along different scratch directions under conventional and ultrasonic assist conditions were conducted. The results showed that ultrasonic assist scratch (UAS) caused more severe groove exit damage when scratching along the longitudinal direction of the fibers. The high-frequency hammering effect of ultrasonic vibration reduced the bending fracture of the fibers and increased the material removal when scratching along the transverse direction of the fibers, and reduced the area of groove edge chipping. In terms of scratching force, the scratching force along the longitudinal direction of the fibers is less than that along the transverse direction. In addition, ultrasonic vibration makes the material change from the original brittle fracture removal caused by extrusion, shear, and tension to the brittle fracture crack intersection removal prompted by hammering-scratching action, reducing the scratching force.

Amplitude effect on micro-hole drilling of 3D needled Cf/SiC by ultrasonic vibration

The poor quality of the micro-hole in the conventional drilling (CD) of 3D needled Cf/SiC composites seriously limits its application in modern industry. Ultrasonic assisted drilling (UAD) is a hybrid machining technology that combines CD with ultrasonic vibration. When processing holes in the Cf/SiC composites, the UAD has great advantages of improving hole wall quality and reducing cutting force, and it has been widely applied to Cf/SiC manufacturing. This study mainly focuses on the influence of amplitude in UAD on the manufacturing of micro holes in the Cf/SiC. By analyzing the micro-morphology of the hole wall and outlet edge under different amplitude in UAD, the influence of amplitude on the fiber removal mode and material damage mechanism is studied. Meanwhile, the thrust force in CD and UAD is also obtained. The results show that the defects of the hole are reduced with the alteration of the fiber removal mode in UAD. And with the increase of the amplitude, the hole quality is further improved. However, the excessive amplitude leads to the damage of the matrix. The thrust force curve shows a “multi-peak” shape with a regular interval due to the layered structure of Cf/SiC in CD and UAD. Compared with the CD, the thrust force of UAD is reduced by up to 70.1% as the amplitude increases from 3 μm to 9 μm. Furthermore, the hammering effect caused by ultrasonic vibration alleviates the material damage around the outlet edge in UAD. With the increase of amplitude, the matrix damage and the fracture of the fiber around the outlet are alleviated. The fracture feature of the fiber around the outlet is more regular than the CD. Consequently, UAD is a beneficial method for Cf/SiC composites micro-drilling with better hole quality and it plays an important role in the future of Cf/SiC processing.

Tuning the microstructure and mechanical properties of additive manufactured aluminum matrix composites by cold spray

Cold spray (CS) has significant technical advantages in additive manufacturing of aluminum matrix composites. In this study, Al with different content of Al2O3 composite deposits was successfully produced by CS. The effect of Al2O3 content and heat treatment temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the deposits was comprehensively studied. The results show that as the content of Al2O3 increases, the hardness, Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS), and elongation of the deposits gradually improve in the as-sprayed state. Due to the significant hammering effect of Al2O3 particles on Al particles, there is a local metallurgical bond between adjacent Al particles in Al-50 and Al-75 deposits, and dimples appear in the fracture morphology of the deposit. With the increase of the heat treatment temperature, the diffusion of atoms at the particle-particle interface transforms the bonding between Al particles from mechanical interlocking to metallurgical bonding, so that the deposit exhibits improved ductility. However, heat treatment also eliminates the residual compressive stress and introduces grain growth through recovery and recrystallization processes, resulting in the decrease of hardness and UTS of the deposits.

Granule spray process for fabrication of adherent, low thermal conductivity ceramic coatings

This study proposes an effective strategy to fabricate ceramic thick films with controllable porosity but strong mechanical adhesion. The technique uses pre-heat-treated granules for a dry spray coating process, granule spray in vacuum. For proof-of-concept, Y2O3 spherical granules were prepared and subsequently pre-heat-treated at various temperatures to control their strength. During film deposition, hard granules (i.e., pre-heated at 1400 °C) caused damage to the substrate and pre-deposited film, owing to a strong hammering effect, which lead to limited film growth (1–2 μm). Contrarily, soft granules (i.e., pre-heated below 800 °C) produced a powder compact with low adhesion, resulting in delamination of some parts. This is attributed to the reduction in kinetic energy caused by the elastic cushioning effect during deposition. Regarding the granules with appropriate strength (i.e., pre-heated at 1000 °C), relatively porous (relative density: 74%) but mechanically well-adhering (adhesion strength: 41 MPa) thick films (~60 μm) were successfully coated on Al substrates. These films exhibited four times higher adhesion strength than those prepared with Y2O3 coatings using atmospheric plasma spraying. The films showed low thermal conductivities (~0.76 W/m·K at R.T.), suggesting potential application of our approach in the field of thermal insulation.

Achieving Accuracy Improvements for Single-Point Incremental Forming Process Using a Circumferential Hammering Tool

The paper presents a novel solution for improving the accuracy of the wall area of parts manufactured by single point incremental forming. Thus, a forming tool with a special design that works according to the principle of circumferential hammering is deployed, with a direct improving effect of the forming conditions and consequently of the dimensional accuracy of the part. The research is focused on an experimental study of frustum-of-cone shapes manufactured from sheet metal blanks of DC05 deep drawing steel of 1 mm thickness. A typical customary technological setup is used for the single point incremental forming process, without any additional elements, and two forming tools, a hemispherical and a special one, which use the circumferential hammering effect. Several preliminary tests using both tools were performed in order to prove that part accuracy can be significantly improved by using the circumferential hammering tool. The research was further expanded to investigate the influence on part wall dimensional accuracy of three factors: tool spindle speed, tool feed rate and part dimensional configuration. Using a full factorial plan of experiments the results of 32 test runs were processed. All parts were machined adequately, free of any material fracturing. Based on the achieved machining accuracy of the part walls, precision mathematical models were developed for the prediction of part dimensional accuracy in those areas. The mathematical models were validated by practice, as the predicted accuracies were matched by the experimental results.

Effect of substrate morphology on the deposition behavior of α-Al2O3 films by room temperature granule spray in vacuum process

In this study, we investigated the influence of surface morphology of a hard substrate on the deposition behavior of α-Al2O3 films coated by a granule spray in vacuum (GSV) process at room temperature. Three types of α-Al2O3 films were prepared by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on a WC-Co base material: (006) textured film with a uniform and small mold-type morphology, (110) and (012) textured films with large grains and a relatively flat morphology, and flat (006) textured film after polishing. These CVD α-Al2O3 films were further coated with nano-grained α-Al2O3 films by the GSV process. The deposition behavior, adhesion strength, and residual surface stress were found to be strongly influenced by the surface morphology of the hard substrate. For the (006) textured CVD α-Al2O3 film with steep crests and troughs on the surface, the GSV α-Al2O3 film was deposited uniformly, possibly because the powder can be directly anchored by the molding effect and subsequent hammering effect. Such different deposition characteristics also led to a variation in the surface residual stress.

Numerical analysis of direct contact condensation-induced water hammering effect using OpenFOAM in realistic steam pipes

Direct contact condensation (DCC)-induced water hammer in a horizontal pipe is an important phenomenon observed in many industrial fields such as nuclear and thermal engineering. This study aims to simulate the DCC-induced water hammering effect in previously designed steam pipes. The numerical simulation for the water hammering was performed in our computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solver modified from interFoam included in the open-source software OpenFOAM v.6. The new solver includes an energy equation and existing phase change models. Computational domains were reconstructed using our Python-based semiautomated mesh-generation algorithm to investigate local variations of temperature and pressure inside a steam pipe. Continuity, momentum, and energy equations of a volume of fluid model were discretized using the pressure-implicit method for the pressure-linked equation algorithm. Implicit Euler and central difference schemes were used for temporal and spatial discretization, respectively. The CFD solver with the phase change model was validated using a one-dimensional Stefan problem's benchmark case. In a PMK-2 steam pipe, the temperature drop due to the water hammering was temporally consistent with the existing experimental result. A smaller pressure was captured in the region where the phase change of steam to water was observed. This induced an adverse pressure gradient that drove the water moving backward, resulting in water hammering. The water hammering was further investigated by changing the water temperature and flow rate in a different steam pipe. A higher water flow rate (i.e., large Froude number) was found to dampen the steam pipe's pressure shock.

Embedding Behavior of Ceramic Particles in Babbitt Coatings and Its Effect on the Tribological Properties of Low-Pressure Cold Sprayed Coatings

The low melting point of Sn-based Babbitt alloys often causes nozzle clogging in the low-pressure cold gas-dynamic spraying (LPCGDS) process, which impacts the process steadiness and the coating quality. Adding hard particles to the feedstock material eliminates this kind of interruption. A certain amount of these particles finds their way in the obtained coatings. These particles also trigger a kind of “hammering effect” due to their impulse forces. These forces are directly dependent on the mass and velocity of the impacting hard particles. However, these forces may lead to a decrease in the porosity and improve the adhesion of the obtained coating. In this study, the effect of the density and size of the hard particle was examined by three different hard materials, Cr3C2, Al2O3, and B4C, which have a material density of 6.68, 3.95, and 2.52 g/cm3, respectively. The used feedstock in this study is a powder mixture that contains 75 vol.% Babbitt and 25 vol.% of either B4C, Cr3C2, or Al2O3. The effect of the size distributions “particles with lower mass” was tested using two different Al2O3. The various hard particles show different embedding behaviors, as well as different effects on the coating build-up. It was found that the blended hard particles were enclosed with the Babbitt matrix, and their interface with Babbitt shows no clear evidence of pronounced diffusion. The size distribution of the blended hard particles has a direct effect on the splat formation and the obtained coating microstructure. It was found that the type of hard particles played a decisive role in the friction behavior. Nevertheless, the hard particle reinforced Sn-Sb-Cu-based composite coatings demonstrated a nearly constant coefficient of friction throughout the load-interval.

Fabrication of high-quality alumina coating through novel, dual-particle aerosol deposition

High-quality alumina (Al2O3) coating has an extensive demand in the fields of optoelectronics, solar cells, and corrosion/impurity resistant coatings and cutting tools. The quality of alumina coating depends on its hardness and transparency. To obtain hard and highly transparent alumina coating, which is also a widely used ceramic material, a novel, aerosol deposition approach is presented in which the starting powder, used to fabricate Al2O3 ceramic coatings, is composed of angular and spherical Al2O3 particles. Films fabricated using angular:spherical Al2O3 particle mixtures with ratios of 10:0, 7:3, 5:5, 3:7, and 0:10, showed significant variation in surface roughness and microstructure. The dramatic morphology modulation of the 3:7 angular:spherical Al2O3 mixture film, resulting from the superposition hammering effect caused by the aerosol mixture, improved transmittance (84.7%) and hardness (13.6 GPa). Previous studies used high-energy approaches to optimize Al2O3 film properties. This dual-particle approach, however, produces Al2O3 film with excellent transmittance and hardness while achieving a fast coating speed (32 mm2 × μm/min) without additional thermal treatment. Our proposed approach provides a novel and energy efficient method to produce transparent Al2O3 films with superior durability.

Study on hole machining for the constant feed rate of Al2O3 engineering ceramics through low-frequency axial vibration

Engineering ceramics are increasingly extensively applied in the aerospace, vehicle, armor protection and other fields due to their excellent performances such as high compression strength, high hardness, low density and high protection performance. However, engineering ceramics are typical difficult-to-machine materials, especially in the hole machining under constant feed rate, which limits the promotion and application. In this study, by combining a specially developed novel thin-wall diamond trepanning bit with a low-frequency axial vibration machining, the hole machining process for the constant feed rate of Al2O3 engineering ceramics was experimentally studied and the influence of the low-frequency axial vibration process on the axial drilling force, hole-wall surface roughness and edge chipping size of holes machined was analyzed. The results showed that the low-frequency axial vibration machining obtained a lower axial drilling force and a smaller edge chipping size compared to the traditional drilling process. Moreover, both the axial drilling force and the edge chipping size declined markedly with the rise in amplitude. However, the hole-wall surface roughness presented a rising trend due to the hammering effect of vibration. The process technology proposed in this article realizes the hole machining for a constant feed rate of Al2O3 engineering ceramics and provides a reference for the engineering lot-size hole machining of engineering ceramics.

Fitness-for-service assessment and failure analysis of AISI 304 demineralized-water (DM) pipeline weld crack

Fitness-for-service assessment (FFS) is employed in oil and gas refiners to assess the structural integrity of an in-service pressure vessels and storage tanks that may contain a flaw or damage. API 579/ASME FFS-1 standard provides guidance for conducting FFS assessments using methodologies specifically prepared for pressurized equipment. In the present investigation, FFS assessment (level 3, based on the Failure Assessment Diagram (FAD)) carried out on a 304 demineralized water stainless steel pipeline containing a crack at weldment eleven months before the failure is explained in detail. Despite the FFS assessment and acceptance of the pipeline, failure occurred eleven months after the FFS assessment. The distribution of the residual thermal stress introduced during welding was estimated by means of Finite Element Analysis (FEA) using Abaqus software. Further investigation revealed that the operating condition of the DM pipeline deviated from the date of FFS assessment and the failed pipeline had been under vibration. Defects such as inclusions and porosities and irregular shape of weld bead were observed in weld joint showing lack of proper quality control (QC) during welding and installation of the pipeline. The heat affected zone (HAZ) region was found to be sensitized (perhaps due to the improper welding procedure during installation) and severe precipitation of chromium carbides was observed on the grain boundaries. Further investigation showed the transgranular nature of the crack propagated perpendicular to the weld metal as a result of the dynamic loading caused by steam hammering effect leading to the vibration-induced fatigue. The Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) of the fracture surfaces showed that the fracture surfaces consist mostly of fatigue striations and quasi-cleavage fracture.

A study on amplitude transmission in ultrasonic welding of thermoplastic composites

Ultrasonic welding of thermoplastic composite materials is a promising joining technique that is now moving towards up-scaling, i.e. the assembling of large industrial parts. Despite its growing technological maturation, the assumed physical mechanisms underlying ultrasonic heating (viscoelastic heating, friction) are still insufficiently understood and modelled. In particular, the hammering phenomenon, resulting from the periodic loss of contact between the sonotrode and adherends due to the high frequency vibration caused to the former, directly impacts the heating efficiency. We propose in this work an original experimental and modelling approach towards a better understanding of the hammering effect. This approach makes combined use of: (i) an experimental static welding setup provided with a high-frequency laser sensor to analyse the vibration amplitude transmitted to the adherends and (ii) an improvement of the multiphysical finite element model already presented in previous works. Results show it is possible to obtain a good estimation of the vibration transmitted to the upper adherend from laser measurements close to the sonotrode. The hammering effect is shown to decrease during the welding process, due to the heating of the interface which directly affects further heat generation. Quantitative introduction of this hammering effect in the existing numerical model results in improved predictions in terms of dissipated power in time.

The Influence of Ultrasonic Vibration Frequency on the Properties of TiN Coated Biomedical Ti–13Zr–13Nb

Bare biomedical grade titanium alloys are prone to degradation when in a body fluid environment. Surface coatings such as Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) can serve as one of the options to minimize this issue. Past reports showed that the PVD coated layer consists of pores, pinholes, and columnar growths which act as channels through which the aggressive medium attacks the substrate. Duplex and multilayer coatings seem able to address this issue to varying extents but at the expense of manufacturing time and cost. In this paper, the effect of an ultrasonic vibration frequency on PVD TiN coated Ti–13Zr–13Nb biomedical alloy was studied. Disk type samples were prepared and coated with TiN at fixed conditions: bias voltage (−125 V), substrate temperature (300 °C), and nitrogen gas flow rate (300 standard cubic centimeters per minute (SCCM)). An ultrasonic vibration was then subsequently applied to the TiN coated samples at frequencies of 8 kHz and 16 kHz for 5 min. All TiN coated samples treated with ultrasonic vibrations exhibited a higher corrosion resistance than the untreated ones. Microstructure analysis under Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) confirmed that the coated sample at frequencies of 16 kHz produced the most compact coating. It is believed that the hammering effect of the ultrasonic vibration reduced the micro channels’ size in the coating and thus decelerated the corrosion’s attack.

Thickness effects of aerosol deposited hygroscopic films on ultra-sensitive humidity sensors

Hygroscopic film that has a super mesoporous structure exhibits high sensitivity and fast response/recovery in humidity sensing applications. Aerosol deposition (AD) via a shock-loading-solidification preparation mechanism, which is an unexplored potential hygroscopic film preparation technique, can produce a porous microstructure, and the AD hammering effect creates various interior and surface microstructures in different-thickness films. The objective of our study was to verify the feasibility of using AD as a humidity-sensing film preparation technique, and to investigate the thickness effects of the film on its microstructure and hygroscopic properties. Hygroscopic films with thicknesses ranging from 0.1–10.0 μm were aerosol deposited with BaTiO3 powders before undergoing a 400 °C thermal treatment. The resulting surface morphology exhibited roughness increases for thicknesses from 0.1–6.0 μm, and a decrease at 10.0 μm. The cross-sectional structure was characterized by a transitional-density grain distribution in which higher density small-sized grains could be seen in the bottom layer. Films with thicknesses of 1.5 μm and 3.0 μm achieved excellent sensitivities of 178.6 ± 7.3 pF/%RH and 299.9 ± 5.4 pF/%RH, respectively. Further, the response and recovery time for the 1.5 μm film were both less than 5 s. The current study determined the feasibility of AD-based humidity-sensing film preparation and provided a reference for optimal thickness control. The surface hydrophilicity, pore volume, and open-pore ratio were analyzed as critical factors of the thickness related humidity sensing effects, and physical modeling indicated that AD-prepared films exhibited an expanded humidity detection range, enhanced water vapor adsorption and desorption, and improved sensitivity to humidity.

A significant effect on flow analysis & simulation study of improve design hydraulic pump

Hydraulic ram pump is device that can lift water to the higher position without use of external energy. Several ways have been tested to decrease the water waste rate to maximize efficiency. The purpose of this research work is to develop a new design of hydraulic pump and conduct simulation study to justify improvement of the design. Major addition on making threaded waste valve system in order to control the opening and closing of the valve. At the same time reduce time taken for creating enough momentum and hammering effect. The results revealed that with the advancement of the proposed well improve designs, the water losses at waste valve reducing about 20-30% compare to existing design across the mass flow rate of 0.10 kg/s.The min/max velocity and pressure along the pipeline also has been increase for both open and closed condition.

Modification of semiconductor or metal nanoparticle lattices in amorphous alumina by MeV heavy ions

In the present work we investigate effects of MeV heavy ions (from 0.4 MeV Xe to 15 MeV Si) on regularly ordered nanoparticle (NP) lattices embedded in amorphous alumina matrix. These nanostructures were produced by self-assembling growth using magnetron-sputtering deposition. From grazing incidence small-angle x-ray scattering measurements we have found that the used MeV heavy ions do not change the NP sizes, shapes or distances among them. However, ions cause a tilt of the entire NP lattice in the direction parallel to the surface. The tilt angle depends on the incident ion energy, type and the applied fluence and a nearly linear increase of the tilt angle with the ion fluence and irradiation angle was found. This way, MeV heavy ion irradiation can be used to design custom-made NP lattices. In addition, grazing incidence small-angle x-ray scattering can be effectively used as a method for the determination of material redistribution/shift caused by the ion hammering effect. For the first time, the deformation yield in amorphous alumina was determined for irradiation performed at the room temperature.