A definition of strong stability and strong instability is proposed for a linear periodic Hamiltonian system of differential equations under a given non-Hamiltonian perturbation. Such a system is subject to the action of periodic perturbations: an arbitrary Hamiltonian perturbation and a given non-Hamiltonian one. Sufficient conditions for strong stability and strong instability are established. Using the linear periodic Lagrange equations of the second kind, the effect of gyroscopic forces and specified dissipative and non-conservative perturbing forces on strong stability and strong instability is investigated on the assumption that the critical relations of combined resonances are satisfied.