Hamilton Scale Research Articles

Study of Cognitive Disfunctions in Thyroid Pathology.

Thyroid pathology is characterized by abnormal values of thyroid hormones that can affect the brain and can lead to cognitive impairment (attention, memory, mood), depression and anxiety. The aim of the study is to evaluate the association between the cognitive disorders and thyroid disease and the link between thyroid hormone levels FT4 and TSH in depression and anxiety. We included 130 individuals from Endocrinology Clinic of Craiova, over a period of 6 years (2014-2020), none of whom was taking thyroid medication and antidepressants. The most important symptom found in thyroid pathology is depression, which occurs in those with long-lasting illness. We obtained that 45.38% of the cases were diagnosed with depression and 46.92% with anxiety. Depressive symptoms were assessed with Hamilton scale and anxiety symptoms with the Beck scale. Regarding the impaired cognitive function, we found it in 34.7% of cases of hypothyroidism (loss of memory / lack of concentration) and for the cases with hyperthyroidism, we found changes in 51,42%.

Study of the efficacy and safety of Mexidol forte 250 consecutive using in patients with chronic cerebral ischemia caused by hypertension and atherosclerosis

Objective: To analyze the efficacy and safety of Mexidol consecutive using in patients with chronic cerebral ischemia (CCI) caused by hypertension and atherosclerosis. Material and methods: We stadied 23 patients with CCI who received Mexidol in dose 500 mg a day during 14 days by introvenal introduction with the followind peroral administration in doses 250 mg three times a day during 60 days. A comparison group included 25 patients with CCI matched for age, risk factors and severity of neurological symptoms, who did not receive Mexidol. Patients of both groups received standard treatment that included medications needed for the complete correction of the risk factors. Assessment tools: Clinical Global Impression scale, МоСа scale, MFI 20 scale, anxiety and depression Hamilton scale, Tinetti scale. Results: To the end of the stady (74-th day), a decrease in the severity of psycho-emotional disorders, asthenia, improvement of the general overall physical activity were identified in patients of the main group compared to these of the comparison group. Conclusion: The high efficacy and safety of treatment of CCI patients with Mexidol using.

Phenomenology of non-psychotic mental disorders in injured combatants

According to the UN, the victims of the armed conflict in Ukraine were 6,764 people (including civilians), 16,877 people were injured, and the number of temporarily internally displaced persons exceeded 2.3 million. As of January 1, 2020, there are 459,655 participants in hostilities in Ukraine. Due to today’s challenges, non-psychotic mental disorders are a serious problem in general and especially in military psychiatry. 115 servicemen of the Armed Forces of Ukraine who took a direct part in hostilities in the Anti-Terrorist Operation zone were surveyed. All subjects were divided into two groups. The main group included 60 combatants who had injury and non-psychotic mental disorders, the comparison group included 55 combatants with non-psychotic mental disorders who were not injured. It has been determined that in the structure of non-psychotic mental disorders in the examined patients there was a severe level of depression (at 89.1% and 79.2%) and anxiety (at 95.6% and 94.4%) by the Hamilton Scale, subclinical manifestations of depression (at 56.8% and 49.9%) and clinical manifestations of anxiety (at 69.8% and 66.5%) by a Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. The phenomenological structure of non-psychotic mental disorders in combatants who were injured is represented by the predominance of depressive, anxious, asthenic and psychosomatic syndrome. Keywords: injuries, non-psychotic mental disorders, combatants, stress.

Obsessive-compulsive symptoms in anxiety and depressive disorders: Influence of recent and/or traumatic life events.

A high prevalence of obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCSs) in anxiety-depressive disorders ranging from 30 to 67% has been described. This study aims to assess the presence and persistence of OCSs in an outpatient sample of subjects with anxiety and depressive disorders, as well as its relationship with recent life events (RLEs) and/or traumatic experiences (TEs). We conducted a prospective, observational, analytical study of 200 subjects with DSM-5 diagnoses of anxiety and/or depression. Participants were included by consecutive sampling and were evaluated at baseline and after 6-12 months (mean 8.5 months) of follow-up. The severity of the symptoms was assessed through the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HARS) and Hamilton Scale for the evaluation of depression (HRSD-17), and comorbidity was assessed through the International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). The Revised Inventory of Obsessions and Compulsions (OCI-R), the Recent Vital Changes Questionnaire (CVSV), and the Diagnostic Scale for Post-Traumatic Stress (PDS) were also administered. 54% of the sample presented OCSs, and 30.5% presented one or more TEs throughout life. At the baseline visit, the presence of OCSs was associated with the severity of depressive symptoms (p=0.028), the presence of TEs (p<0.01), symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (p<0.01) and the number of RLEs (p<0.01). Response rate at follow-up was 38%, and persistence of OCSs was found in 60.5% of patients, independent of depressive or anxious symptoms, but was associated with the number of RLEs (p<0.01). The presence of OCSs in patients with anxiety and depressive disorders is frequent and persistent. Anxious-depressive patients with a history of TEs and RLEs had higher OCS levels. These findings highlight the importance of early detection and the use of therapeutic strategies focused on resilience to stress and trauma.

Using the quantitative EEG method in predicting the response to treatment of affective disorders

The aim is to study the features of brain activity in patients with affective disorders, depending on the response to therapy. Material and methods. The study included 84 patients with affective disorder. All patients received syndrome-induced psychopharmacotherapy, which included antidepressants and normotimic drugs. The severity of affective disorder was assessed using the Hamilton depression scale. The criterion for the effectiveness of therapy (sensitivity) was an improvement in clinical symptoms by 50% or more, estimated using the Hamilton scale. The study was performed in two stages (points): at the first point, patients were examined upon admission to the Department before taking medications (electroencephalogram recording and filling in the Hamilton scale were performed), the second point was performed after a 4-week course of treatment of patients in the hospital (filling in the Hamilton scale). Registration and analysis of bioelectric activity of the brain was carried out using a 16-channel encephalograph. The signals were processed using fastFourier transform, and the values of absolute spectral power (mV2) for θ — (4 — 7 Hz), α — (8 — 13 Hz) and β — (14 — 30 Hz) rhythms were analyzed.Results. Analysis of the spectral power of electroencephalographic rhythms at rest with closed eyes showed statistically significantly higher values of alpha-rhythm in the frontal(p=0.044) and parietal (0.049) cortex, beta-rhythm in the frontal cortex (p=0.048) and theta-rhythm in the frontal (p=0.0004), Central (p=0.009), parietal (p=0.003) and occipital (p=0.001) cortex in patients who were not sensitive to therapy for compared to respondents.Conclusion. Our study revealed significant differences in quantitative electroencephalogram parameters between patients with affective disorders, depending on the sensitivity to the therapy. The results show that there are aspects of quantitative electroencephalogram thatare related to the response to pharmacological treatment of affective disorders.

Impact of anxiety on stuttering: Neurobehavioral aspects

Purpose: To investigate the impact of anxiety related stuttering and severity of stuttering related to neurobehavioral changes including demographics of the people who stutter. Materials and Method: A case-control observational study was conducted and data were collected from the subjects by data collection form for stuttering and an anxiety scale by taking an interview regarding his/her stutter and was analyzed in SPSS Ver. 20. Result: A total of 180 subjects were included in the study and were divided into three groups that is stuttering with anxiety, stuttering alone and control group. The results of the present study revealed a significant difference between people who stuttered and people who did not stutter on measures of anxiety. Anxiety had a direct impact on stuttering subjects when the stuttering parameters were taken into consideration. The severity of stuttering was associated with the degree of anxiety. The results of the present study also revealed that there is a significant relationship between anxiety and the neurobehavioral changes in stuttering subjects. Conclusion: A wide variability of scores on the Hamilton scale of Anxiety and the data collection form for stuttering suggests that the levels of anxiety were individualized and there was a sub-group of stuttering subjects who had little or no impact of anxiety on their stutter. The hypotheses were supported by statistical analysis. Keywords: Stuttering, anxiety, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, Neurobehavioral changes

Phenomenological structure of post-stress disorders in volunteers whose activities are related to military servicemen support in the ATO zone

To solve this goal in compliance with the principles of bioethics and deontology conducted a comprehensive clinical-psychopathological and pathopsychological examination of 97 volunteers. Associated with the support of the military in the combat zone, not less than 1 year. Among those surveyed were 57 women and 40 men with a mean age (30.6±4.7) years. According to the results of the study, the clinical structure of post-stress disorders in the examined volunteers was represented by the following nosologies: F43.2 – adaptation disorders (32.7% of men and 28.1% of women), F43.1 – post-traumatic stress disorder (27.6% of men and 22.9% of women), F41.0 – panic disorder (22.4% of men and 29.1% of women), F41.1 – generalized anxiety disorder (17.3% of men and 19.9% of women). According to the scale of severity of traumatic stress, 62.8% of respondents have a complete manifestation and 37.2% a clear manifestation of stress disorder. According to the scale of anxiety depression and Hamilton depression, 56.2% of subjects had a severe depressive episode, 62.1% had a severe anxiety episode, 42.3% had a moderate depressive episode, and 33.4% had a moderate anxiety episode. It was found that for volunteers who survived the fighting are characterized by severe clinical manifestations of PTSD, with a high level of impact of the traumatic event was observed on all scales of PTSD; excessive signs of stress disorder, severe or moderate depressive and anxiety episodes on the Hamilton scale. Keywords: PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiety, adjustment disorder, combat stress.

The Cholinergic Profile as a Target for Rational Therapy of Central Nervous System Diseases and Injuries

Objective. To conduct a comparative analysis of the clinical efficacy of cholinergic drugs and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and their combinations in the complex therapy of cerebrovascular pathology and the sequelae of closed craniocerebral trauma (cCCT) using clinical, instrumented, and laboratory follow-up investigations. Materials and methods. A total of 90 patients with cerebrovascular pathology (chronic cerebral ischemia grade 2 (I67; 45 patients) and the sequelae of cCCT (T90; 45 patients) were studied. Groups were divided into three subgroups each of 15 patients. Complex treatment included basal and specific therapy: subgroup 1 received the drug Neuromidin, group 2 received Gliatilin, and group 3 received Neuromidin plus Gliatilin. Treatment duration was two months. All patients underwent complex clinical, neurophysiological, and laboratory investigations before treatment and at one and two months from treatment initiation: plasma cholinesterase activity was estimated, patients were tested on the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Hamilton scale, and patients underwent transcranial magnetic stimulation with assessment of the central motor conduction time and evaluation of somatosensory evoked potentials with determination of the central afferent conduction time. Results. Before treatment, a strong positive correlational relationship was found between patients’ age and serum cholinesterase activity (Rs = 0.77; p = 0.0001). On the background of treatment, all study parameters showed significant (p < 0.05) improvements with the exception of the MMSE, which showed only a trend to improvement) in subgroups 1 and 3 of each group as compared with values obtained in subgroups 2 of the corresponding groups. In addition, at two months from treatment initiation, there were significant decreases in serum cholinesterase activity in patients of subgroups 1 and 2. Conclusions. Assessment of deviations in the “cholinergic profile” (blood cholinesterase activity) in patients with cerebral pathology and the strategy of using cholinergic drugs and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and their combination to correct psychoneurological disorders is among the most important directions in optimizing the combined treatment of patients of this category.

Ansiedad y Práctica Samurái-Fitness en Pacientes Drogodependientes

INTRODUCCIÓN. En la presente investigación se estudiaron las variables de ansiedad por internamiento en pacientes con drogodependencia y la práctica deportiva samurái fitness para comprobar su correlación y efectividad. OBJETIVO. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar los efectos de la práctica de Samurái-Fitness en síntomas de ansiedad de pacientes drogodependientes residentes en centros de rehabilitación. MÉTODO. Este estudio fue cuasi- experimental, de tipo grupo de control no equivalente, pre prueba- pos prueba. Se utilizaron la Escala de Ansiedad de Hamilton y el Inventario de Ansiedad Estado- Rasgo; se aplicó a una muestra de 79 internos entre 18 a 65 años (50.6% hombres, 40.9% mujeres) en clínicas de rehabilitación autorizadas por el Ministerio de Salud del Ecuador. RESULTADOS. Los resultados fueron significativos en la Escala de Hamilton en los factores de insomnio, tensión y temores, confirmados con los resultados en el Inventario de Ansiedad Estado- Rasgo. Estas puntuaciones fueron analizadas mediante la prueba de Wilcoxon y se verificó la hipótesis planteada. DISCUSIÓN Y CONCLUSIONES. Existe una correlación positiva entre las variables. Sería importante utilizar una muestra mayor para precisar el impacto del dispositivo y analizar su efectividad en pacientes con mismas condiciones clínicas.

Efficacy of High-Frequency Rhythmic Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Endogenous Depressive Disorders at Juvenile Age

Objectives. To seek neurophysiological predictors of the effi cacy of rhythmic transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in patients with depressive disorders of different nosological categories. Materials and methods. A total of 34 juvenile patients (all male) with protracted treatment-refractory depressive states were studied. Investigation of patients used psychopathological and psychometric methods (Hamilton scale) and electroencephalography. The search for predictors of therapeutic efficacy was carried out using a wide range of neurophysiological indicators and different protocols for high-frequency rTMS (10 and 20 Hz). Results and conclusions. The most significant changes were identified on rTMS at 20 Hz. Favorable treatment effects on the EEG were found to correlate with higher spectral power in the α and β1 subranges.

COVID-19 y ansiedad en oftalmólogos

Objective: To determine the prevalence of anxiety in ophthalmologists during the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic, exposed to severe acute respiratory syndrome by coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) working in respiratory triage and outpatient ophthalmology consultation at the Hospital Central Militar in Mexico City. Material and methods: Observational, cross-sectional, descriptive and prospective study, in which a descriptive survey was applied via internet evaluating two anxiety scales (Hamilton scale and generalized anxiety disorder [GAD-7) scale). Results: Thirty-one subjects responded, 17 (54.84%) female and 14 (45.16%) male. Minimum age was 25 years and maximum age was 49 years, with an average age of 34.5 years.The survey consisted of 24 questions, of which 21 were obtained from both anxiety scales (Hamilton + GAD-7) and the remaining three were of epidemiological interest. By rating both scales separately, we observed an average score of 5.16 for the GAD-7 scale and of 8.45 for the Hamilton scale, reflecting a minimal group anxiety. Using the GAD-7 scale, we observed an anxiety prevalence of 48% (15 physicians). Of the diagnosed cases, 9 (60%) met a score listed as mild anxiety, 5 (53%) as moderate and 1 (7%) as severe. On the Hamilton scale, the prevalence was of 83% (26 physicians). Of the diagnosed cases, 23 (88%) had minimal anxiety, 2 (8%) had minimal-moderate anxiety and 1 (4%) had severe anxiety. Conclusion: The prevalence of anxiety in ophthalmologists, using the GAD-7 and Hamilton scales was of 48% and 83%, respectively, and most cases were of mild intensity.

Domestic violence: The day-to-day life of peruvian women experiencing depressive disorders

Violence against women in Peru is on the rise, with 138% of femicides recorded by women's emergency centers by 2018. Mental health with depressive disorders is the leading cause of health problems worldwide, according to the World Health Organization. The objective was to determine the prevalence of domestic violence and depressive disorders among women in three departments of Peru. The methodology was applied, with a quantitative approach, of non-experimental design, of a cross-sectional nature. The population consisted of 384 women over 18 years of age, distributed in Lima 250, La Libertad 80, and Amazonas 54, where they reported mistreatment and depressive disorders, information recorded in the Women's Emergency Centres, the police stations, the Vaso de Leche social programs, the canteens and the Office of the Ombudsman for Women, Children, and Adolescents. The data collection technique was a survey, the instruments applied were two questionnaires, one measuring the prevalence of domestic violence (VIF J4), and the Hamilton Scale for depressive disorder, which suggests the following cut-off points: not depressed, mild/minor depression, moderate depression, severe depression, and very severe depression. Among the relevant results, it was found that of the 100% of women who suffer from domestic violence, these are subdivided into physical violence 16%), psychological violence 20%, sexual violence 26%, social violence 16%, patrimonial violence 11% and gender violence 13%. For the depressive disorder, it was found that 100 percent of women who suffer from domestic violence have depressive disorders divided into intermediate insomnia 4%, early insomnia 7%, late insomnia 7%, women who suffer in the development of their activities and work 8%, depressive mood 14%, thoughts about suicide (15/100), psychomotor inhibition 15%, and psychomotor agitation 15% that concluding that domestic violence associated with depressive disorders leads to suicide.

Эффективность рекомбинантного интерферона альфа-2b в лечении хронического рецидивирующего бактериального простатита

Chronic recurrent bacterial prostatitis (HRBP) affects the reproductive function and negatively affects the quality of life of men. The multifactorial pathogenesis of this disease causes the failure of antibiotic therapy and some cases, requires an in-depth study of the mechanisms of disease development and additional treatment methods. of the study: to study of the effectiveness of immunoactive therapy (recombinant interferon alpha-2b with an antioxidant complex) in combination with antibacterial therapy in patients with HRBP. Prospective trial: examination and treatment of 62 patients. Two groups: I (study) group (n=31) received antibacterial therapy (ABT) and a therapy with recombinant IFN Alpha-2b based medication with antioxidant complex (vitamins E and C), II (control) group (n=31) received only ABT. The examination plan included questionnaires (NIH - CPSI, IPSS, Hamilton), general blood and urine tests, biochemical blood tests, urethral scrapings for PCR diagnostics, plasma testosterone, native, electron microscopy, culture test and immunoferment analysis of the prostate sercet, uroflowmetry, Transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS). When monitoring the clinical picture according to questionnaires (IPSS, NIH-CPSI, Hamilton scale) and laboratory indicators, 1 month after treatment, a significant reduction in symptoms was observed in both groups, and after 3, 6, and 12 months - in patients of group I. The Combination of an antibacterial drug and recombinant interferon alpha-2b in the treatment of HRBP provides more effective relief of the infectious and inflammatory process in the long term than antibacterial monotherapy.

Depression screening program tailored to the primary health care settings

Abstract Issue Depression is the leading cause of disability worldwide. People with mental health problems often do not feel comfortable to seek help from mental health professionals. Depression is often 'covered' with physical symptoms and patients first seek help from family medicine doctors. Description of the Problem Primary health care organized through mental health centers and family medicine service was base for planning of depression screening program. Program is supported by the Ministry of Health and Social Welfare in the Government of Republic of Srpska and the Mental Health Project in BiH (implemented by Association XY with support of the Government of Switzerland). Methodology and promotional materials were developed in the Public Health Institute. Outcome was improved health of the adult population at increased risk of depression. Program was implemented from June 2018 till December 2019 in ten primary health care centers. Mental health centers (MHC) sensitized and trained family medicine teams (FMT) for screening. FMT used Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ 9), MHC used the Hamilton scale for confirmation. Confirmed cases were measured for quality of life with the Q-LES-Q-SF. Both of questionnaires were used for control measurement after three months of treatment. Results Screening of 1037 patients resulted in 445 of them were referred, of which 310 patients came to the MHC, where depression was confirmed in 289 patients. In control measuring, 30% of the patients showed the absence of depression, with a significant improvement in the self assessment of the overall quality of life. Lessons Clear methodological guidelines and program adjusted to the organization of health care services, along with monitoring and evaluation, was crucial, and appreciated from health professionals involved. Regular communication of mental health centers and family medicine services was important in overcoming obstacles to get patients in the program, and maintain them. Key messages Stigma still prevents patients who need help to get to the mental health services. Sensitized and trained family medicine doctors, as first contact with patients, are crucial in early detection of depression and convincing patients to accept help and stick to treatment.

Low-frequency rTMS inhibits the anti-depressive effect of ECT. A pilot study.

Low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of the prefrontal cortex has been shown to have a statistically and clinically significant anti-depressant effect. The present pilot study was carried out to investigate if right prefrontal low-frequency rTMS as an add-on to electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) accelerates the anti-depressant effect and reduces cognitive side effects. In this randomised, controlled, double-blind study, thirty-five patients with major depression were allocated to ECT+placebo or ECT+low-frequency right prefrontal rTMS. The severity of depression was evaluated during the course using the Hamilton scale for depression (the 17-item as well as the 6-item scale) and the major depression inventory (MDI). Furthermore, neuropsychological assessment of cognitive function was carried out. The study revealed no significant difference between the two groups for any of the outcomes, but with a visible trend to lower scores for MDI after treatment in the placebo group. The negative impact of ECT on neurocognitive functions was short-lived, and scores on logical memory were significantly improved compared to baseline 4 weeks after last treatment. The ECT-rTMS group revealed generally less impairment of cognitive functions than the ECT-placebo group. The addition of low-frequency rTMS as an add-on to ECT treatment did not result in an accelerated response. On the contrary, the results suggest that low-frequency rTMS could inhibit the anti-depressant effect of ECT.

A randomized blinded retrospective study: the combined use of micro-needling technique, low-level laser therapy and autologous non-activated platelet-rich plasma improves hair re-growth in patients with androgenic alopecia

ABSTRACT Introduction Mini-invasive therapies based on autologous non-activated Platelet-Rich Plasma (ANA-PRP), Low-Level Laser Therapy (LLL-T), and Micro-Needling Technique (MN-T) used in combining for hair re-growth need to be standardized. Objectives The work aims to show in vivo outcomes resulted from retrospective case-series study in which ANA-PRP + MN-T + LLL-T were used in combined in patients affected by Androgenic alopecia. Methods 23 patients were treated, of which 13 males were classified in stage I–V by the Norwood–Hamilton scale, and 10 females were classified in stage I–III by the Ludwig scale. Assessment of hair re-growth was evaluated with photography, physician’s and patient’s global assessment scale, and standardized phototrichograms during a follow-up: T0 – baseline, T1 – 12 weeks, T2 – 23 weeks, T3 – 44 weeks, T4 – 58 weeks. Results Interesting outcomes represented by a hair density increase of 81 ± 5 hairs/cm2 and 57 ± 7 hairs/cm2 respectively at T1 and T2 compared with baseline (173 ± 5 hairs/cm2 at T1 and 149 ± 9 hairs/cm2 at T2 versus 92 ± 2 hairs/cm2 at baseline) were observed using computerized trichograms. Expert Opinion The main limitation in the autologous regenerative therapies and biotechnologies in hair-regrowth is the extreme variability of PRP products used, in the absence of standardized protocols and widely shared. Appropriate PRP preparations have to be pick after carefully thinking about their bio-molecular specifications and intended indications for use in patients. This approach will aid in matching the optimal PRP product to specific patient factors, leading to improved outcomes and the elucidation of the cost-effectiveness of this treatment. The combined use of biotechnologies as the association of PRP with micro-needling and low-level laser therapy may improve the results in terms of hair count and hair density compared with those obtained by alone PRP. All the procedures must be performed in the full respect of international and local rules. Conclusions The effect of the combined use of MN-T, LLL-T, and ANA-PRP has been demonstrated.

The relationship between insomnia and the intensity of drinking in treatment-seeking individuals with alcohol dependence

BackgroundAlthough insomnia is highly prevalent in alcohol use disorders(AUD), its associations with the severity of alcohol use, pre-existing psychiatric comorbidities and psychosocial problems are understudied. The present study evaluates the interplay between these factors using a structural equation model (SEM). MethodsWe assessed baseline cross-sectional data on patients with AUD (N = 123) recruited to a placebo-controlled medication trial. Severity of alcohol use was measured by the Brief Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (B-MAST). Insomnia Severity Index was used to assess insomnia symptoms. The Hamilton scales for Depression and Anxiety, Short Index of Problems and Timeline Follow Back evaluated psychiatric symptoms, psychosocial consequences of drinking and level of alcohol consumption respectively. We used logistic regression to evaluate the association between insomnia and severity of alcohol use while controlling for covariates. We constructed a SEM with observed variables to delineate the effect of psychiatric symptoms, psychosocial factors and current alcohol use on the pathway between alcohol use severity and insomnia. ResultsThe sample was predominately male(83.9 %), Black(54.6 %) and employed(60.0 %). About 45 % of the participants reported moderate-severe insomnia.The association between insomnia and B-MAST attenuated after adjustment for demographics, psychiatric symptoms and psychosocial problems(OR[95 % CI] = 1.17(0.99–1.47). SEM findings demonstrated that B-MAST and insomnia were linked to psychiatric symptoms (95 % Asymptotic-Confidence Interval (ACI): 0.015−0.159, p < 0.05) but not to psychosocial problems or current alcohol use. ConclusionAmong treatment-seeking patients with AUD, psychiatric burden mediated the relationship between severity of alcohol use and insomnia. Clinicians should screen for underlying psychiatric disorders among treatment-seeking patients with AUD complaining of insomnia.

Psychological status of patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis during coronavirus disease-2019 outbreak

BackgroundThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global health emergency. The aim was to investigate the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the psychological status of patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). MethodsData on the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of 95 RRMS patients were collected. We used a self-designed questionnaire, the Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life-54 Instrument (MSQOL-54), Hamilton scales for the assessment of anxiety (HAM-A), and depression (HAM-D). Patients who were tested one year ago were reassessed using the same questionnaires during the COVID-19 outbreak. Group of 99 healthy individuals (HC) were tested, using the same questionnaires. ResultsThe main concerns in RRMS patients were that someone that they know could be infected with COVID-19 (78.5%), or could die due to the infection (33.8%), and the lack of specific treatment options (25.8%). The main concerns about the RRMS status were that their disease would be worse if they get infected with COVID-19 (36.4%), that they would experience some difficulties in drug availability (43.6%), that they could not go to the hospital as usual (72.4%). Results on all questionnaires were worse in RRMS patients than in HC (p<0.01). We noticed a statistically significant difference between the results obtained a year ago and the results from April 2020 in HAM-A (p<0.05). ConclusionsThere is an impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the psychological status of RRMS patients. Healthcare organizations need to provide professional therapeutic advice and psychosocial support for this population of patients during the pandemic.

System-Wide Magnet Therapy in Depression Treatment

Study purpose. Study of the system-wide magnetic therapy efficacy in major depressive disorder treatment. Materials and methods. Depression patients were assigned to two groups: the control group and the main one. The control group underwent conventional antidepressant treatment while for the main group conventional treatment was combined with system-wide magnetic therapy. In the course of treatment, patients were exposed to a variable-amplitude rotating magnetic field with 2,2 MT induction and 100 Hz current frequency for 30 minutes. The treatment efficacy was evaluated on the Hamilton scale after 4 weeks of treatment. Results and Conclusion. The number of patients (responders) in remission,  7 points on the Hamilton scale, was significantly greater in the main group than it was in the control one: 18 and 28 in the control group and the main group, respectively (p &lt; 0,01). Significant (by over 50 %) reduction in six symptoms was achieved in the main group: suicidal thoughts (80,65 %), critical attitude to the disease (75,0 %), late insomnia (72,5 %), early insomnia (70,91 %), agitation (53,16 %). Symptoms decreased by 35,84 % and 50,91 % in the control group and the main group, respectively (p &lt; 0,05), by total scores on the Hamilton scale. The treatment efficacy under CNE was 0,643 and 0,491 in the control group and the main group, respectively, and as 0,491 &lt; 0,643, we proved statistically that treatment in the main group is significantly more effective (p = 0,000021). With the procedure being well tolerated and causing no adverse effects during treatment, this depression treatment method can be recommended for clinical practice.

Деякі показники тривоги і депресії у пацієнтів з вогнепальними пораненнями кінцівок у ранньому післятравматичному періоді

SummaryIntroduction. Disorders in the psycho-emotional sphere in people with gunshotwounds can have a significant impact on the post-traumatic course and results oftreatment, which necessitates their detection and appropriate correction. Screening foranxiety and depression in patients with gunshot wounds of the extremities in the earlypost-traumatic period is relevant.Objective. Study of anxiety and depression indicators in patients with gunshotwounds of the extremities to optimize diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.Material and methods. The study of anxiety and depression is a fragment of acomprehensive examination of patients with gunshot wounds of the extremities who weretreated at the National Military Medical Clinical Center «Main Military ClinicalHospital» of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine. A comparative analysis of the results ofpsychometric testing of anxiety and depression using the Beck Alarm Scale, HospitalAnxiety and Depression Scale as well as Hamilton Scale was performed in 54 people(33 patients with gunshot wounds of the extremities and 21 – in the control group).Statistical data processing was performed.Results and discussion. According to the comparative analysis, the level of anxietyand depression among the examined patients with gunshot wounds of the extremitieswas significantly higher (p<0.05) than in the control group for all tests: Beck anxietyscale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Hamilton scale. According to theHospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, there were significantly more cases of clinicallysignificant levels of anxiety.Conclusions. Anxiety and depression levels in patients with gunshot wounds of theextremities by all scales used, namely the Beck Alarm Scale, Hospital Anxiety andDepression Scale as well as Hamilton Scale, were significantly higher than in thecontrol group. The expediency of conducting psychometric testing for anxiety anddepression in the early post-traumatic period in all patients with gunshot wounds of theextremities was confirmed. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale was moreinformative for detecting anxiety and depression in the surveyed contingent.