Halytsky Lviv National Medical University Research Articles

ПОДЯКА РЕДАКЦІЙНІЙ КОЛЕГІЇ, ВИРОБНИЧОМУ КОЛЕКТИВУ, РЕЦЕНЗЕНТАМ ТА АВТОРАМ ЗА РОБОТУ ДЛЯ «ПРАЦІ НАУКОВОГО ТОВАРИСТВА ІМ. ШЕВЧЕНКА. МЕДИЧНІ НАУКИ» У 2020 Р.

We would like to thank our past and present editorial and production teams and our authors for cooperation in 2020. Despite of COVID-19 challenges in 2020, our journal has recently received acceptations to the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) and in processing to Ulrichsweb & Ulrichs Periodicals Directory. The Proceedings of Shevchenko Scientific Society. Medical Sciences obtains manuscripts over the world [1-8]. The decision on their publications is based on potentially influential contents of interest to Ukrainian and other medical and healthcare professionals, scientists and medical students after successful critical peer review [9]. All of the editorial staff of The Proceedings of Shevchenko Scientific Society. Medical Sciences sincerely appreciates the authors’ contributions. Among them, the best corresponding authors (based on download counts of their articles and positive social media attention) are Dr. Sandor Szabo (American University Health Science, CA, USA) and Dr. Natalia Matolinets (Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine). In 2020, The Proceedings of Shevchenko Scientific Society. Medical Sciences has put all efforts to upgrade the Journal peer review standards, offering regular educational courses/webinars to advance their editorial credentials to better serve the professional interests of the Journal readers. The Proceedings of Shevchenko Scientific Society. Medical Sciences invited new editorial board members and experts for peer review of the manuscripts in 2020, and some of them received multiple invitations. We honestly appreciate the voluntary contribution of all of the members of the editorial team, executive, and editorial boards of PSSS MS and all reviewers as introduced below. Among reviewers, top peer reviewers (based on their contribution of 4 or more reviews) are Dr. Andriy Cherkas (Sanofi-Aventis-Deutschland GmbH – Industriepark Höchst, Frankfurt am Main, Germany), Dr. Nelia Oryshchyn (Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine), Dr. Vassyl Lonchyna (University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, United States).

ACTA NON VERBA (з нагоди ювілею проф. Оксани Заячківської)

Oksana Stanislavivna Zayachkivska (born on July 24, 1960, Lviv) – Doctor of Medicine, Professor (2008), Head of the Department of Normal Physiology (2016) at Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University. She is a full member of Shevchenko Scientific Society (SSS) (2018), chairman of the Medical Commission of SSS (2015-2018), Member of the Physiological Society (UK), Global GI Club in FASEB, International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology (IUPHAR-GI section), Honorary Ambassador of Lviv (2019–21). Her ​​research is mainly focused on the problems of the physiology of digestion, stress and the creation of preclinical models of gastrointestinal diseases. Professor studies new stress biomarkers, anti-stress agents and the formation of stress resistance; elucidates molecular mechanisms of cytoprotection. Oksana Zayachkivska is the author and co-author of over 300 scientific original works and translations of the English-language professional literature. She is the member of the Editorial Board and Editor-in-Chief of the “Proceedings of the Shevchenko Scientific Society. Medical Sciences” journal (2015–2020), member of the Editorial boards of “Frontier in Pharmacology” (Switzerland), “Southeast European Medical Journal” (Croatia), “Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology” (USA).

СИНЕРГІЯ СВІТОВОГО Й УКРАЇНСЬКОГО ДОСВІДУ

СИНЕРГІЯ СВІТОВОГО Й УКРАЇНСЬКОГО ДОСВІДУ

Features of the Functional State of the L-arginine / NO-synthase / Arginase System and Oxidative Processes in Patients with end-stage Renal Disease due to Chronic Glomerulonephritis Before and After a Hemodialysis Session

Features of the Functional State of the L-arginine / NO-synthase / Arginase System and Oxidative Processes in Patients with end-stage Renal Disease due to Chronic Glomerulonephritis Before and After a Hemodialysis Session

Motivational Aspects and Modern Innovative Technologies in the Formation of Professional Competencies of Future Specialists in Higher Medical Educational Institutions

Background and Aim of Study: During the research the improvement ideas of the educational system were analysed. Accented attention on an advantages of the distance education, and also his roles and place in the system of higher education. As the demand to the quality of the students' knowledge has become the main criterion in employment. According to the new educational standards at the grant of educational services it is necessary to be oriented on the professional qualities of the future activity of the graduate. The aim of the study: to represent the results of theoretical analysis and empirical study of the formation of oriented educational-scientific information-computer environment on the basis of the Department of Microbiology of Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University. Material and Methods: Modern methods of scientific research used in process: an analysis of the systems, biblio-semantic, statistical, empirical observations and information processing of oriented educational information and computer environment in the process of students’ educational and scientific activity. Results: According to the analysis of the obtained results, the key features of the motivational complex of students of higher educational institution was identified. The ways of organization of control and an analysis of students’ success by means of information and computer technologies according to the state standards of higher education. It is offered, new approaches to forming of content of educational discipline. Conclusions: The innovative tools and interactive applications on the basis of ICT will increase the possibilities of studying the discipline of microbiology, virology and immunology in higher medical institutions. What is appropriate in the context of integration of the new strategy of education.

BLENDED LEARNING IN HIGHER MEDICAL EDUCATION: PRINCIPLES AND STRATEGIES OF TEACHING FOREIGN LANGUAGES

The article highlights the new approach to teaching a foreign language to medical students as a reasonable mixed method of traditional teaching and the use of modern technologies. Teaching process at higher medical educational institutions is based on innovative didactic technologies, mechanisms and procedures. Many theories suggest implementation of combined classroom and online teaching called blended or hybrid learning. The aim of this investigation is to develop practical recommendations for successful integration of blended learning with traditional teaching medical students at the Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University. Web-based technology stimulates and promotes self-learning, keeps the learner at the centre of the learning process using personality-oriented and technology-mediated approaches. E-learning promotes autonomy and motivates students to learn throughout the life performing specific tasks before or after classroom learning. The research involved 47 groups of students studying General Medicine at Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University (602 second-year students, 2017-2018 academic year). The experiment consisted of 40% of e-learning and 60% of classroom teaching. Assessing performance, we concluded that students' academic performance results improved from 15% to 23% depending on the language skill due to the integration of blended learning strategies into the teaching process. Blended learning also assists students to choose and interpret required tasks, to assess cases related to future medical profession, and to apply compulsory information, which requires proficiency and practical skills.

КОНФЕРЕНЦІЯ ЛІКАРСЬКОЇ КОМІСІЇ НАУКОВОГО ТОВАРИСТВА ІМЕНІ ШЕВЧЕНКА У ЛЬВОВІ «ПАНДЕМІЯ COVID-2019. РЕДАКЦІЙНА ПОЛІТИКА ЖУРНАЛІВ У СУЧАСНОМУ НАУКОВОМУ ПРОСТОРІ ТА РОЛЬ АСОЦІАЦІЙ РЕДАКТОРІВ», 7 КВІТНЯ 2020 Р., ЛЬВІВ, УКРАЇНА

The 2020 The Shevchenko Scientific Society Medical Commission Conference: “COVID-2019 Pandemic. Editorial Policy of Journals in the Modern Scientific Space and the Role of Editors' Associations” was carried out as a webinar on April 7, 2020. The event was supported by Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University (Lviv, Ukraine), Shevchenko Scientific Society and Western Scientific Center of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine.

PHOSPHORUS AND MAGNESIUM DISORDERS IN CRITICALLY ILL MECHANICALLY VENTILATED CHILDREN: THE PROSPECTIVE COHORT OBSERVATIONAL STUDY

Background. Phosphate and magnesium disorders frequently develop in critically ill patients during the course of stay in paediatric intensive care unit.Objectives. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of hypophosphatemia and low level of magnesium in children with acute respiratory failure. The study hypothesis was that the duration of mechanical ventilation and stay in PICU in children depend on the presence of electrolyte disorders.Setting. Tertiary children`s hospital, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University; Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Lviv Regional Children Hospital “OCHMATDYT”, Ukraine, July 2018 - July 2019.Patients. Children aged 1 month - 1 year, who needed invasive mechanical ventilation.Intervention. Measurement levels of phosphorus and magnesium on 1st, 3rd, 5th and then every five days during mechanical ventilation.Main outcome measures. The primary outcome was the time to liberation from mechanical ventilation and secondary outcomes were complications: reintubation, tracheostomy, prolonged ventilation, or death.Results. We find out that 100% patients at admission had severe hypophosphatemia and 44% had low level of magnesium. Hypomagnesemia was treated until 10th day and level of phosphorus could not reach normal values until discharge. The presence of hypophosphatemia was associated with prolonged PICU admission (duration ratio 1.45, 95% CI 1.15 to 2.25), and a higher risk of complications (OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.15 to 2.52).Conclusion. The presence of hypophosphatemia in children who were mechanically ventilated due to acute respiratory failure was associated with prolonged PICU admission and a higher risk of complications.Trial registration: ISRCTN registry. Identifier: ISRCTN84734652.

REDOX-HOMEOSTASIS FEATURES IN PATIENTS WITH LIVER CIRRHOSIS DEPENDING ON SEVERITY OF THE INTERNAL ORGANS SYNTROPIC COMORBID LESIONS

Relevance and purpose. Oxidative stress, as an imbalance in the anti-/prooxidants system, is a direct cause or one of the most important pathogenetic links of many diseases. Liver cirrhosis is not an exception. With its decompensation the syntropic comorbid lesions that worsen prognosis and often cause the death of patients of working age occur. However, despite the prevalence of studying the pathogenetic mechanisms of liver cirrhosis, the relationship between the content of pro- and antioxidants in the blood and the presence of comorbidities in different C. H. Child – R. N. Pugh classes is still insufficiently studied. Therefore, the aim of the study is to identify the redox homeostasis features in patients with liver cirrhosis depending on the internal organs syntropic comorbid lesions severity. Materials and methods. The study was conducted in two stages. 75 patients (23 females (30.7%), 52 males (68.3%) (mean age – 47.2 ± 10.4 years) were included in the randomized trial with the preliminary stratification by the presence of liver cirrhosis. All of them were hospitalized and treated at the Department of Internal Medicine 1 at Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University and the Gastroenterology Department of Lviv Regional Clinical Hospital – Lviv Regional Hepatology Center. All patients underwent the complex comprehensive clinical laboratory and instrumental examination of all organs and systems in accordance with the requirements of the modern medicine. To study the redox homeostasis state the contents of catalase and thiobarbituric acid products, in particular malondialdehyde, were determined. At the first stage, we determined the levels of malondialdehyde and catalase in the cirrhotic patients and syntropic comorbid lesions of the internal organs. According to the second stage we studied the dependence between the characteristic parameters of redox homeostasis changes and the severity of syntropic comorbidities in the cirrhotic patients using the correlation analysis. The actual material was handled on a personal computer in Excel 2010, Statistica 6.0, RStudio v. 1.1.442 and R Commander v.2.4-4 using descriptive statistics. The results obtained in the case of normal distribution were presented as M ± σ, where n is the number of patients examined in the group, in case of abnormal distribution – Me [25,0%; 75.0%]. The difference was considered statistically significant if p < 0.05. Results. In accordance with the first stage of the study, it was found that the malondialdehyde content was highest in patients with liver cirrhosis and varicose veins of the esophagus (VVE) of 3 degree, cirrhotic gastropathy (CGP) of 3 degree, varicose hemorrhoid veins (VHV) of 2 degree, cirrhotic cardiomyopathy of 3 degree, arterial hypotension of 2 degree, hepatopulmonary syndrome of 3 degree, hepatic encephalopathy (HE) of 3 degree, osteoporosis of 3 degree, anemia of 3 degree. The content of catalase was the lowest in patients with liver cirrhosis and with 3 degree VVE, 3 degree CGP, 3 degree VHV, 3 degree arterial hypotension, 3 degree hepatopulmonary syndrome, 3 degree HE, 2 degree osteoporosis, 2 degree anemia. In accordance with the second stage of the study it was revealed that the severity of VVE, CGP, VHV, cirrhotic cardiomyopathy, hepatopulmonary syndrome of hepatic encephalopathy, osteoporosis significantly increases with malondialdehyde content increasing. In its turn the content of catalase decreases with the VVE, CGP, VHV, cirrhotic cardiomyopathy, arterial hypotension, hepatopulmonary syndrome, osteoporosis severity increase. Conclusions. Patients with liver cirrhosis have some features of redox homeostasis disorders with increasing of malondialdehyde and decreased of catalase content, depending on the severity of the synthropic comorbid lesions of the internal organs, the correlation of which is most pronounced in the presence of hepatopulmonary syndrome, osteoporosis and cirrhotic cardiomyopathy.

Mortui vivos docent [The dead teach the living

AbstractMedical museums are a record of the history of the medical thought processes. The Anatomical museum of the Department of Normal Anatomy located in the Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University was founded in 1894 by Professor Henryk Kadyi (1851–1912). The museum includes a number of unique objects and displays > 2,000 specimens. These medical artifacts include both normal anatomy and malformed artifacts. The museum is divided into three sections that are arranged according to the systems of the body and a method of preparing specimens. The vast array of preserved specimens represents comparative, developmental, gender, systemic, dynamic, plastic, and descriptive anatomy. Besides the Anatomical museum, the historical treasure is the Anatomical Theater, the oldest auditorium at the Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University that preserved its authenticity. These educational places teach us not only about morphology, but also help us appreciate the beauty of the human body.

Comparative morphology of regenerative inflammatory processes in the skin using peptide activators and preparations based on hyaluronic acid.

Background. The rapid development of innovative technologies, particularly in the medicine, requires a continuous update of the arsenal of knowledge and understanding of processes in connection with the introduction of new techniques. Angiogenesis is an extremely important process for the formation of regenerate, since it is the growth of new microvessels that accompanies the migration of cells of the fibroblast row to the site of alteration and provides their metabolic needs. If angiogenesis is stimulated in insufficient amounts, migration of fibroblasts, as well as the processes of regenerationslows down or even stops. The objective of the study was to explore and compare the morphological changes that occur in the dermis at different chronological stages when using peptide activators and preparations based on hyaluronic acid. Methods. The research was conducted on the basis of Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University. For the experiment, 30 adult white rats, 150-180 g were used, which were divided into 3 groups of 10 rats, one of which was administered a peptide activator drug, the other 10 rats were given a hyaluronic acid-based drug, another 10 - control group, which was injected with an isotonic solution of 0.9% NaCl. The rats were removed from the experiment on days 14, 28, and 42 of the study by overdose of diethyl ether, followed by resection of the skin flap from the injection site. Subsequently, hematoxylin-eosin staining, histochemical technique by Malory and immunohistochemical staining using CD34 antibody was performed. Results. It was found that on 42 day of the experiment, there was a slight setback in both cases after a rapid increase in connective tissue volume, in particular collagen at the injection sites. However, angiogenesis stimulated by peptide activators was more active and persistent than in rats administered a hyaluronic acid-based preparation. Conclusion. In the future, it is planned to continue the study of morphological changes in the skin on day 56 in order to confirm the results obtained in the previous stages.

ВИДОВИЙ ПРОФІЛЬ МІКРОБНИХ ЧИННИКІВ НОЗОКОМІАЛЬНИХ ІНФЕКЦІЙ

Nosocomial infections, also known as health care-associated infections (HAIs) are infections that appear in patients under medical care in hospitals or other health care facilities and were absent at the time of admission. From 5 to 7 thousand cases of HAIs are registered in Ukraine every year, but according to experts, the actual number is 900 thousand cases per year. Intensive care unit (ICU) represents a prominent tool in HAIs control and quality assurance in many developed countries. In this respect, the US Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends monitoring HAI as a leading tool for the reduction of HAIs. Therefore, the aim of this research was to investigate microbiological profile of nosocomial infections in ICU of public hospitals in Lviv, Ukraine. Material and methods. 105 clinical materials from 50 patients in two public hospitals in Lviv (Lviv Regional clinical hospital and Military Medical Clinical Center of the Western Region) were analyzed during July-December 2018. 114 strains of pathogens were isolated. HAIs was defined as an infection that appeared in patients later than 48 hours after admission to the hospital. Urinary tract infections (UTI), blood stream infection (BI), respiratory tract infection (RTI) and surgical site infections (SSI) were diagnosed using the criteria defined by the CDC and clinical protocols. Causative bacterial strains were isolated and identified using standard methods and chromogenic media CHROMID*S.aureusElite, CHROMID*VRE, CHROMID*MRSASMART, CHROMID*CARBASMART, CHROMID* ESBL, CHROMID*OXA-48, CHROMID*Candida (Biomerieux) and biochemical identification kitsMIKRO-LA-TESTNEFERMtest24, ENTEROtest24, CANDIDAtest21, STAPHYtest24, STREPTOtest24 (ErbaLacema, Czech Republic). Antibiotic sensitivity test was done using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique. (Ethical Committee or Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee Approval Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University: 25/06/2018 № 6). HAIs structure was as follows: Staphylococcus lentus (22%), Eschrichia coli (22%), Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp.ozaenae (9.8%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (43.9%), Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp.pneumonia (8.8%), Srreptococcus spp. (7.0%), Burkholderia pseudomallei (5.3%), Staphylococcus haemolyticus (3.5), Staphylococcus aureus (3.5%). There were several types of HAIs which are rarely found, such as Staphylococcus lentus, Staphylococcus simulans, Staphylococcus lugdunensis, Aerococcus viridans, Pragia fontium, Aeromonasichthiosmia, Raoultella terrigena, Macrococcus caseolyticus. Conclusions. In the era of antibiotics, HAIs are still uncontrollable. It is assessed that over 90.0% of HAIs are not recognized as epidemics. It is important to remember this fact when attempting to design prevention or control strategy to reduce HAIs either at WHO level, or at the level of local health care unit.

COMPARISON OF THE POSTTRUMMATIC DYNAMICS OF THE BONE TISSUE DENSITY OF THE LOWER JAW IN THE INTACT RATS AND ON THE BACKGROUND OF THE PERMANENT NALBUFINE USE

COMPARISON OF THE POSTTRUMMATIC DYNAMICS OF THE BONE TISSUE DENSITY OF THE LOWER JAW IN THE INTACT RATS AND ON THE BACKGROUND OF THE PERMANENT NALBUFINE USE

Фактори впливу на готовність практикуючих лікарів до безперервного професійного розвитку та індивідуального ліцензування

Aim. To assess the theoretical level of knowledge of physicians-practitioners who underwent post-graduate training through the cycles of thematic improvement and pre-certification cycles using the test tasks "Step-3. General Medical Training"; to compare the obtained results of responses of the physicians-practitioners with the results obtained by interns and to justify the factors that influence the success of the physicians-practitioners in the postgraduate study. Material and Methods. A written testing of 194 physicians-practitioners who had studied at pre-certification cycles and cycles of thematic improvement was conducted taking into account physicians' individual characteristics (work experience, speciality, etc.); the results were compared with the results of testing of 243 interns, who had passed the primary specialization (internship) at the Faculty of Postgraduate Education of Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University. For processing the test results a standard package of Excel 2010 was used. Results and Discussion. The average success rate of testing tasks among all certified physicians-practitioners and interns was 62.4±6.1%. Positive, weak, statistically significant correlation was found between the average test results and the category of physicians-practitioners (r=0.20 at p<0.05). A negative, weak, statistically significant association (r=-0.16, p<0.05) was detected between the test results of physicians-practitioners and the overall duration of their work experience (r=-0.16, p <0.05). Test results of the physicians-practitioners were not associated with the duration of their service in specialty - the correlation coefficient was statistically insignificant (r=-0.06 at р>0.05). Conclusion. Only a third part of the physicians-practitioners was to the fullest extent ready for the licensing exam. The assumption that the higher is the category of the physicians-practitioners, the better is the result of the test was confirmed. However, it is imperative to take into account the age factor during the teaching process. Narrow specialization is not always a determining factor of better preparedness for solving test situational tasks. Primary care providers showed better results in solving test situational tasks.

Analysis of nosologies and medicines used by the applicants of higher medical education within the framework of self-treatment

Aim. To analyze nosologies and medicines used in self-treatment by the applicants of higher medical education. The research objectives were as follows: to determine which medicines were taken by the respondents with acute respiratory viral infections (ARI); to analyze the drug compliance, in particular when taking antibiotics, by the respondents; to study the issues of the use of analgesics, enzymatic drugs, biologically active additives (BAAs); to find out the list of medications taken by the questioned persons during the last month; to analyze diseases when the respondents take drugs constantly; to identify the factors that frightened the respondents in pharmacotherapy; to study the effect of the drug intake on the quality of life of the population. Materials and methods. The research was performed according to the results of the sociological study involving 400 applicants of education at the pre- and postgraduate levels at the Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University (LNMU). The primary scientific material obtained through questionnaires was analyzed using statistical, structural and logical methods taking into account the principles of systematization. The calculation of relative values and their errors was carried out in the statistical analysis of the data obtained. The following methods were used: system analysis, sociological survey, statistical, analytical and comparative. Results . The majority of the respondents (56.50 ± 2.48) % systematically takes analgesics, mainly for headache. However, only (4.75 ± 1.06) % the questioned persons always take enzymatic drugs when feeling heaviness in the stomach. The vast majority of the respondents (79.25 ± 2.03) % has never administered BAAs. It was found that the respondents took medicines from the groups of non-narcotic analgesics, vitamins and antispasmodic remedies within the last month. The most frequent reasons why the respondents take medicines regularly are infectious and gastrointestinal diseases. Extremely rarely the respondents take medicines constantly in diseases of the musculoskeletal system and eyes. In (29.75 ± 2.29) % there are cases of combination of alcohol and drugs. The side effects and high costs of medicines are the most often the factors causing concern of the respondents regarding pharmacotherapy. Three times fewer re spondents indicate the absence of drugs in pharmacies; the lack of knowledge of the mechanism of action and interaction with other medicines. In the overwhelming majority (75.50 ± 2.15 %) medicines affected the quality of life by improving health and the working capacity. However, every 7th respondent had side effects of medicines. Conclusions. In our opinion, the results obtained should serve as the basis for developing a comprehensive model of the program of prevention of negative consequences of self-treatment, first of all, among young people.

Methodological and organizational aspects of microbiology teaching in dental faculty of national medical university

An important task today is to bring the content of typical and working educational programs, as well as teaching methods to European educational standards for the optimization of the quality of teaching for the successful training of future dentists. The purpose of the work is to consider the methodological aspects of teaching microbiology and the peculiarities of student knowledge control at the Faculty of Dentistry of Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University (DHLNMU). The Department of Microbiology of DHLNMU educational process is carried out under the new curriculum by training the level II specialists. The maximum pedagogical skill of the faculty members of the department is used to create the motivation for studying the discipline “Microbiology, virology and immunology, including microbiology of the oral cavity” and the formation of clinical thinking of students-dentists. In particular, this is achieved through constant emphasis on professional orientation filed on lectures and practical training information, program updates by modern scientific material, facts, using innovative technologies. Achieving these goals is also carried out by independent research work of students. There was created a textbook for students of the Faculty of Dentistry, in which a lot of emphasis was placed on the professional orientation of the outlined teaching material. In particular, a number of parts are devoted to the study of individual representatives of the microflora of the mouth in norm and in pathology, as well as microbiocenosis of the oral cavity in general. In order to optimize the preparation of students, the Web-portal of the University contains working curricula, multimedia presentation of lectures, methodical recommendations for practical classes and independent work with examples of test tasks, examples of situational tasks to each topic in particular. The bases of test tasks for preparation for the final knowledge control are also presented. For foreign students, the teaching staff of the department developed methodological materials in English as well as workbooks, which helps in preparation for practical classes, during practical classes, as well as facilitates the independent study of a number of topics provided by the working curriculum. A collection of test tasks for the preparation of English-speaking students for the “Krok-1” licensed exam has been published. Assessment of knowledge is carried out by the ECTS. The exam includes the control of acquiring practical skills, test tasks, descriptive theoretical questions and situational tasks. The Department of Microbiology of DHLNMU is constantly working on providing the optimal organization of the educational process with the goal of training skilled dentists. Teaching staff constantly improves ensure that the students thorough fundamental knowledge to be useful for their future medical practice.

Optimization of the use of digital technologies in the educational process of pharmacists interns

In the modern educational process, the problem of applying innovative teaching methods remains one of the most actual in pedagogical and research activities, and the issues of the use of digital information technologies (DIT) and distance education require constant monitoring and careful study.
 The aim of the work was to optimize the implementation of the educational process (EP) of pharmacists-interns by mastering modern DIT standards, software capabilities and approaches to their use.
 Following processes were analyzed: the organization of education of pharmacists-interns at the department of the OEF, the technology of medicines and pharmacoeconomics of the Postgraduate Faculty Danylo Halytsky Lviv national medical university; Results of anonymous questionnaires of pharmacists-interns; The possibilities of communication programs for smartphones.
 The process of o organization education involves the operation of certain information and is responsible for its systematization, distribution between teachers, interns, study groups and streams. We implemented the distribution of such information for the purpose and temporary relevance to the following types: current or targeted (CTI) – relevant for a short period of time, provides for the submission of information to a particular intern or group of interns; Temporarily static (TSI) – is current and permanent only for interns of a specific training cycle; General conditionally constant information (GCI) – relevant for interns of any training cycle and from year to year almost does not change. We also worked out the existing forms of submitting this information to interns, optimized and tested them. Based on the received data, we began to use: chat programs of smartphones (for the CTI and the TSI); Pages of the department in social networks (for TSI, GCI); the site of the department pharmosvita.esy.es (for GCI) created by us. Also, we give in social networks and/or chat programs, a message about the change in GCI.
 Based on the work done, the department optimized the use of DIT by teachers. One of its main results is a qualitative increase in the level of communication processes between teachers and pharmacists-interns.
 The use of Google form allowed to interns to independently submit the information necessary for the organization of the EP at the time and place convenient for them, having all the necessary documents with data nearby.
 Using by teachers of the Department of Google services and local computer network optimized the processes of joint formation and exchange of information. Optimizing the processes of operating information and automating the processes of obtaining it with the help of DIT made it possible to reduce the time spent on the organization, reporting, and the total amount of information load on teachers as a whole.

ЛЮБОМИРА АНТОНІВНА ЛУЦИК – ПЕРША ЖІНКА-ПРОФЕСОР СТОМАТОЛОГІЇ В ГАЛИЧИНІ (ДО 100-РІЧЧЯ ВІД ДНЯ НАРОДЖЕННЯ)

The article is devoted to the distinguished figure of Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, contributor of Halician dentistry, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor Lutsyk Liubomyra Antonivna (1918-2000) – a scientist and a teacher who devoted her hard life to medicine and the development of Ukrainian post-war dentistry. Liubomyra Antonivna Lutsyk was born on October 29, 1918 in the village of Gliboka, Chernivtsi region. Graduating from the Ukrainian gymnasium in Stanislaviv (now Ivano-Frankivsk) in 1937, entered the agronomy faculty of the University of Poznan, and in 1938 transferred to medical faculty. In 1939, she transferred to the faculty of medicine at the then Lviv State Medical Institute(LSMI). She completed her education in 1945 and received a doctor’s degree (No. 716352 dated February 6, 1946). From 1944 to 1949 – doctor-resident in the clinic of dentistry LSMI. However, during 1945-1947, L.A. Lutsyk works as a doctor of the clinic of dentistry at the Department of Hospital Surgery of LSMI, and during 1949-1951 – as an assistant in the course of dentistry of the same department. Since 1951, Liubomyra Lutsyk has been appointed as a resident of the Dental Department of the Lviv Regional Clinical Hospital. In 1958 Liubomyra Antonivna was an active co-organizer of the Dentistry Faculty of LSMI, in 1961 took part in the creation of the Department of Therapeutic Dentistry and in 1976 – Department of Pediatric Dentistry. In 1983, Professor L. Lutsyk was a co-organizer and consultant of the Department of Therapeutic Dentistry at the Faculty of Advancement Physicians and Pharmacists. In 1954, Liubomyra Antonivna defended her dissertation on the topic: “Clinical course, diagnosis and treatment of jaw-facial actinomycosis” which was one of the first in Lviv in the field of dentistry and in 1955 received a diploma of the candidate of medical sciences. In 1972 she defended her doctoral dissertation, devoted to the actual problem of caries: “Microelements (iron, copper, zinc and cobalt) in the clinic and the experiment of caries of teeth” (approved by the VAK of the USSR on February 15, 1974). During her scientific career, professor Lutsyk L.A. published about 90 printed works. Under her leadership, about 10 candidate and doctoral dissertations have been prepared and defended. In 2018, the scientific and practical dental community of Lviv region commemorates the 100th anniversary of the birth of Professor L. A. Lutsyk. The warm memories of her many students, important biographical touches of personal and social life, highlight her significant contribution to the development of the Lviv Scientific School of Dentistry, as well as the establishment of a school of dentistry for childhood, the formation of modern traditions of science and practice in Ukrainian dentistry.

АНАТОМІЧНИЙ МУЗЕЙ ЛЬВІВСЬКОГО НАЦІОНАЛЬНОГО МЕДИЧНОГО УНІВЕРСИТЕТУ ІМЕНІ ДАНИЛА ГАЛИЦЬКОГО – ІНСТРУМЕНТ ІНТЕРАКТИВНОГО НАВЧАННЯ

Despite the tremendous progress in the sphere of information technologies and web-based training, anatomical museums keep being an indispensable resource for the quality training of physicians. No electronic media can replace practical skills, and for this reason, for the majority of departments, the anatomical museum is not just a collection of anatomical preparations, but also the place for practical classes. As the possibilities for the autopsy materials are limited, anatomical museums play an especially important role in the process of education. This is also a powerful tool for interactive learning, which is proved by the example of teaching human anatomy at the Department of Normal Anatomy of Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University. The unique collection of human gross specimens of the University’s Anatomical Museum, which was created in 1894 under the guidance of Professor Henryk Kadyy, the Head of the Department, provides the opportunity for learning dynamic, comparative, plastic, developmental anatomy, teratology (congenital defects). Besides, it provides the opportunity for students, professors, and doctors to carry on the full-scale academic research work in all fields of medicine. The Anatomical museum remains the place where the dead teach the living – “Hic mortui docent vivos”.

ANALYSIS OF NOSOLOGIES AND MEDICINES USED BY THE APPLICANTS OF HIGHER MEDICAL EDUCATION AT PRE- AND POSTGRADUATE LEVELS (BY THE RESULTS OF SOCIOLOGICAL RESEARCH)

Purpose of the study is the analysis of nosologies and medicines used in self-treatment by the applicants of higher medical education.
 Materials and methods of research. The scientific work performed on the results of a sociological study involving 400 applicants of education at pre- and postgraduate levels at Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University.
 Results and discussion. The majority of surveyed (56,50±2,48 %) did not systematically take analgesics, mainly with headache. However, only 4,75±1,06 % questioned with feeling heaviness in the stomach always took enzymes. The vast majority of questioned (79,25± ±2,03 %) had never taken BAAs. It was found out that the respondents took medicines from the groups of non-narcotic analgesics, vitamins and antispasmodic remedies during the last month. The most frequent reasons why surveyed took medications regularly were infectious and gastrointestinal diseases. Extremely rarely questioned with diseases of the musculoskeletal system and the eye took drugs constantly. 29,75±2,29 % respondents had cases of combination of alcohol and drugs. The side effects and high costs of medicines were the most often noted among the factors causing warning of surveyed in pharmacotherapy. A three times lower specific weight of questioned indicated a lack of drugs in pharmacies; lack of knowledge of the mechanism of action and interaction with other medicines. In the overwhelming majority (75,50±2,15 %) medications influenced the quality of their lives by improving well-being and working capacity. However, every 7th respondent had side effects of medicines. In our opinion, the obtained results should serve as the basis for working out a comprehensive model of the program of prevention of negative consequences of self-treatment, first of all among young people.
 Conclusions. In our opinion, the obtained results should serve as the basis for working out a comprehensive model of the program of prevention of negative consequences of selftreatment, first of all among young people.