Halu Oleo University Research Articles

Effectiveness of NPK fertilizer on the growth of several new superior upland rice lines (Oryza sativa L.) crosses from Southeast Sulawesi

Rice is the primary source of carbohydrates in Indonesia. The rice demand increases every year and needs to fulfil sustainably. Effective fertilizer treatment is very important. The study aimed to determine the effectiveness and the best dosage of NPK on the growth of several superior upland rice lines from Southeast Sulawesi. The research was conducted in Field Experiment Faculty of Agriculture, Halu Oleo University. The research design in factorial randomized block design (RBD) consists of two factors. The first factor was the rice cultivar different, i.e., GS11-2 (G1), GS12-2 (G2), GS44-2 (G3), GS16-2 (G4), and Lipigo 4 as a check variety or control. The second factor was the different dose of NPK, i.e., without fertilizer as a control, 4 g plant-1, and 8 g plant-1. The observed parameter is plant height (cm), leaf number and tiller number. The observational data were analysed using ANOVA dan further using DMRT tests. The results showed NPK fertilizer was effective on the growth of several upland rice lines in the parameter of plant height, leaf number, and tiller number. The four lines tested showed that these lines had the potential to become new superior upland rice varieties.

Utilization of bamboo charcoal to decrease tannin content of lindur fruit flour (Bruguiera gymnorrhiza)

This study aims to determine the correct concentration of bamboo charcoal in the processing of Bruguiera gymnorrhiza fruit to produce mangrove flour with the lowest tannin content. The process of making bamboo charcoal is carried out at the Forestry Laboratory of the Forestry Department, Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Sciences. Meanwhile, the chemical analysis of flour is carried out in the Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Halu Oleo University Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi. The chemical analysis test was carried out using a completely randomized design method with a one-factor treatment test. This factor is the percentage of bamboo charcoal during boiling and soaking (R0 = 0%; R1 = 15%; R2 = 20%) for the type of mangrove fruit used (P1 = Brugueira gymnorrhiza). The results showed that the provision of bamboo charcoal at the time of boiling and soaking had a significant effect on reducing tannin levels and had a very significant effect on reducing the moisture content and HCN of lindur fruit flour. The best treatment is giving 20% bamboo charcoal with soaking time for 48 hours and changing the soaking water every 24 hours. The best treatment is giving bamboo charcoal 20% with immersion time for 48 hours and changing the immersion water every 24 hours, with the water content of 8.7%, tannin content of 0.063%, and HCN content of 2.093 ppm, where these results meet SNI standards. 01-2997-1996 [1] and ADI (Acceptable Daily Intake) as food ingredients.

PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI TANAMAN SAWI (Brassica juncea L.) PADA BERBAGAI KOMPOSISI MEDIA TANAM DAN BOKASHI KOTORAN SAPI

This study aims to determine the effect of the composition of growing media and cow dung bokashi on the growth and production of mustard greens. The research was carried out in the Greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture, Halu Oleo University, Kendari. This study used a Randomized Block Design (RAK) with two treatment factors and three replications. The first factor is the composition of the planting medium, consisting of 3 levels: soil (M0), a mixture of sand and soil in a ratio of 1:1 (M1), a mixture of sand and soil in a ratio of 2:1 (M2), and a mixture of sand and soil in a ratio of 1:2 (M3). The second factor was the dose of cow dung bokashi fertilizer, consisting of 3 levels, namely 0 t ha-1 (B1), 20 t ha-1 (B2) and 40 t ha-1 (B3). The results showed that the interaction between the composition of planting media and bokashi cow dung had a significant effect on height, number of leaves, leaf area, root weight, and plant crown weight. The treatment of planting media composition with a sand to soil ratio of 2:1 with the addition of 40 t ha-1 bokashi (M2B3) showed the highest growth and production of mustard plants.

PENGARUH JARAK TANAM TANAMAN KENIKIR TERHADAP SERANGAN HAMA PADA TANAMAN JAGUNG PULUT LOKAL MUNA

One of the factors that often becomes an obstacle to the productivity of maize plants is the attack of plant pests. The use of refugia plants such as kenikir is alternative pest control that can be tried. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effect of kenikir plant spacing to the intensity of pest attacks on local Muna maize pulut plants, which was carried out at the Field Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Halu Oleo University, using a Randomized Block Design (RAK) consisting of 4 treatments and 4 groups so that there were 16 treatment plots. The treatments tested were no treatment (P0), kenikir plant spacing was 50 cm (P1), 75 cm (P2), and 100 cm (P3). The variables observed were the pest population and the intensity of the attack. The results showed. Plant spacing of kenikir affects the population and intensity of pest attacks on local Muna maize rice plants. The lowest population average of Spodoptera frugiperda was found in the P3 (100 cm spacing of kenikir) of 4,00 individuals with an average attack intensity of 16,03% (5 weeks after planting). In comparison, the lowest beetle population average found in P1 (planting distance of kenikir 50 cm) was 0,25 and 0,50 individuals (for Apogonia sp. and Adoretus ranunculus, respectively), with an average attack intensity of 15,89% (9 weeks after planting)

ANALISIS PENYEBARAN HARA N, P, DAN K PADA LAHAN SAWAH DI KELURAHAN NGKARI-NGKARI KECAMATAN BUNGI KOTA BAUBAU

This study sains to determine the distribution of N, P, and K nutrients in rice fields in Ngkari-Ngkari Village, Bungi District, Baubau City. The study was carrie out in Ngkari-Ngkari village, Bungi District, Baubau City, taking place from June to August 2021. This study used a random sampling method based on a zigzag fieldwork map and the determination of the nutrient status of N, P, and K was carried out by soil analysis at the Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Laboratory. Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Halu Oleo University. The results of this study showed that the nutrient status of rice fields in Ngkari-Ngkari Village, Bungi District, Baubau City varied, namely the N nutrient status with very low-moderate criteria (0.09-0.34%), P nutrient status was low (4.91-5.42 ppm), and K nutrient status is very low (2.85-3.24 me 100 g⁻¹). based on the nutrient status obtained, the fertilizer given is sufficient N, P, K so that it can be met for plants.

ANALISIS SIFAT KIMIA TANAH PADA LAHAN KELAPA SAWIT DI DESA ANGGOTOA, KECAMATAN WAWOTOBI

This study aims to determine some of the chemical properties of soil on oil palm land in Anggotoa Village, Wawotobi District, Konawe Regency. This study is geographically located on the line 3°00′ – 4°25′ South Latitude and 121°73′ – 123°15′ BJ located in afdeling 2 of oil palm plantations of PT. Tani Prima Makmur (TPM) aged 10 years in Anggotoa Village, Wawotobi District, Konawe Regency. Soil samples were analyzed at UPT. Halu Oleo University Integrated Laboratory. This research is a descriptive study with an observation method, namely sampling in the field and analyzed in the laboratory to obtain quantitative data. Determination of the point is done by random sampling method. There are 5 sample units to represent 1 (one) block. The results showed that the chemical properties of the soil on oil palm land in Anggotoa Village, Wawotobi District, Konawe Regency were very low. The parameter that becomes the limiting factor is soil pH with a value of 4.29 - 5.88, the criteria for acid-acidic acidity. C-organic content with a value of 0.12 % - 0.86%. very low criteria. N-total with a value of 0.02 % - 0.06%, very low criteria. P-available with a value of 1.23 ppm - 6.26 ppm, very low-low criteria. K-available with a value of 0.26 mg 100 g-1 - 0.38 mg 100 g-1, very low criteria. And CEC with a value of 12.77 me 100 g-1, 21.58 me 100 g-1 and 39.21 me 100 g-1, the criteria are low, medium and high.

Standardized Organic Fertilizer Formulations and their Effectiveness in Enhancing the Role of Biological Agents to Increase Disease Resistance and Maize Productivity in Marginal Lands

Background: The importance of standardized organic fertilizers with relatively balanced levels of NPK elements, in order to increase the role of organic fertilizers as a source of nutrition for plants which at the same time can improve soil physical, chemical and biological properties and can increase the role of organic fertilizers as a medium for growth and development of biological agents so that they can increase its role as a biopesticide and biofertilizer, thereby simultaneously increasing crop productivity on marginal land. Methods: This research was conducted in the period June-November 2019 at South Konawe Regency Southeast Sulawesi Indonesia and in the Integrated Laboratory of Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kendari Halu Oleo University. Assessing and formulating organic fertilizers by taking into account the composition of the ingredients which include; C/N ratio of the total material, elemental content of NPK, C-Organic content, moisture content and pH, to produce standardized organic fertilizers, with relatively balanced levels of NPK elements. The field research was arranged in a randomized block design consisting of 3 treatments including B0 = Inorganic fertilizer (control); B1 = Organic fertilizer formula A + agens hayati Biofresh; B2 = Organic fertilizer formula B + agens hayati biofresh. Each treatment was repeated 3 times, which in total there were 9 experimental units. Result: The formulation of organic fertilizers by taking into account the composition of the ingredients can produce organic fertilizers of a standard quality, with relatively balanced levels of NPK elements, effectively increasing the ability of biofresh biological agents, so as to increase the disease suppression index by 30.12%, with an increase in productivity of 14.31% of non-standard organic fertilizer treatments. And with the efficiency of using biofresh biological agents of 70.6%.

METHODS COMPARISON OF ARAS AND TOPSIS FOR DETERMINING THE BEST PRACTICUM ASSISTANT (CASE STUDY CHEMICAL LABORATORY DEPARTMENT OF FMIPA UHO)

Practicum is one of the activities that are part of the curriculum in universities. The role of a practicum assistant is needed to support practicum activities. Practicum assistants is a selected through a selection process. The selection of practicum assistants at the Faculty of Mathematics dan Natural Science (FMIPA), Halu Oleo University, to be precise the department of Chemistry, is still done through a manual process. The problem faced in the selection process is that each lecturer determines the ranks of the selected practicum assistants sequentially, from the first practicum supervisor lecturer to the last, which takes a long time and subjective assessment is unavoidable. Then from that problem, it is necessary to develop a computerized system as a supporting media in decision-making to facilitate selecting practicum assistants. The Additive Ratio Assessment (ARAS) and Technique For Others Reference By Similarity To Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method applicated to compare the results of the two ways. The results of the comparison of the two methods show that TOPSIS provides a higher accuracy value of 50%, while the accuracy value of the ARAS method is 44%, but from testing the speed of processing data, the ARAS method is faster than the TOPSIS method.

Effect of Interaction Straw Mulch and Organic Plus Fertilizer on Growth Soybean (Glycine max L.)

The research aims to determine the interaction effect of the dose of straw mulch and organic plus fertilizer on the growth of soybean (Glycine max L.) on marginal dry land. This research was conducted from August to December 2021 at the research area of the Agriculture Faculty, Halu Oleo University, Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi. The research design used was a Split Plot arranged in a Randomized Block Design. The main plot was straw mulch (M) consisting of three levels, i.e., without straw mulch (M0), 4 tons ha-1 (M1), and 8 tons ha-1(M2); and Sub-plots were plus organic fertilizer (P) consisting of four levels, namely without plus organic fertilizer (P0); 2.5 tons ha-1(P1); 5 tons ha-1, (P2); and 7.5 tons ha-1 (P3). The measured variable is plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, dry weight of root, dry weight of shoot, and . The analysis of data using ANOVA, if The result of significant (Fhit> Ftab) continues with the DMRT test on α=0.05. The results showed that the treatment of Straw mulch 8 tons ha-1 and organic fertilizer 7.5 tons ha-1 resulted in the highest soybean growth.

HUBUNGAN POWER OTOT LENGAN OVER HEAD PASS BOLA TANGAN PADA MAHASISWAPENDIDIKAN JASMANI KESEHATAN DANREKREASI

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between arm muscle power and the over head pass ability of handball in all 643 students of Physical Education for Health and Recreation. Furthermore, 358 people who had programmed handball courses consisted of 274 boys and 84 girls. The sample was carried out using purposive sampling technique, namely based on predetermined criteria, as many as 30 instruments were used to measure the muscle power of the medicine ball throw arm, while the instrument used to measure the over head pass ability was the 15 second passing skill test. Arm muscle power data was taken through a medicine ball throw test, while data on the over head pass ability were taken through a passing over head pass skill test. The analytical technique used to analyze the proposed hypothesis was the correlation test using SPSS version 26.The results obtained from testing the arm muscle power hypothesis with the ability to over head pass handball where the correlation value rxy = 0.575 significant value = 0.001˂ 0.05, the coefficient of determination r² = 33 or 33%. Arm muscle power contributes to the ability to over head pass in handball play. Based on the results of this analysis, it can be concluded that the better the arm muscle power, the better the ability to over-head pass the handball game for Health and Recreation Physical Education students, Halu Oleo University

RESPON PERTUMBUHAN KACANG TANAH (Arachis hypogaea L.) PADA BERBAGAI DOSIS BOKASHI LIMBAH AMPAS TAHU DAN PUPUK FOSFAT

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an agricultural commodity that acts as a protein and vegetable oil source, but in Southeast Sulawesi, its productivity is still relatively low. This study aims to determine the effect of giving bokashi tofu waste and phosphate fertilizer on the growth of peanut plants. The research was conducted at the Experimental Field Laboratory II, Faculty of Agriculture, Halu Oleo University, Kendari, from June to September 2021. The study used a factorial randomized block design consisting of bokashi tofu waste with four treatment levels, namely 0, 5, 10, and 15 tons per hectare, and phosphate fertilizers with three treatment levels, namely 0, 100, and 200 kg per hectare. The total combination of treatments was 12, with three replications. Observational data were analyzed using analysis of variance and UJBD. The analysis results showed that the interaction of bokashi with tofu waste and phosphate fertilizer had a significant effect on plant heights 28 and 35 DAP, stem diameter 21 DAP, leaf area 14, 21, and 28 DAP, and root loss ratio. Bokashi tofu waste independently significantly affected plant height, stem diameter 28 DAP, leaf area, and root loss ratio. Phosphate fertilizer independently significantly affected plant height at 28 and 35 DAP, leaf area at 14 and 21 DAP, and root loss ratio. The combination of 15 tons of tofu waste bokashi per hectare and 100 kg of phosphate fertilizer per hectare was the best treatment for increasing the growth of peanut plants.

RESPON PEMBERIAN BERBAGAI DOSIS PUPUK BOKASHI TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN JAGUNG (Zea mays L.) LOKAL KONAWE

This study aims to determine the effect of various doses of bokashi fertilizer on the growth response and production of local Konawe corn plants and to determine which treatment has the best effect on the application of various doses of bokashi fertilizer on the growth response and production of local corn plants in Konawe. This research took place at the Field Laboratory of Experimental Gardens II, Faculty of Agriculture, Halu Oleo University, Kendari. From January to March 2021. This study used a randomized block design consisting of 5 levels of treatment, namely control without bokashi fertilizer (B0), bokashi fertilizer 5 t ha-1(B1), bokashi fertilizer 10 t ha-1 (B2), bokashi fertilizer 15 t ha-1 (B3), bokashi fertilizer 20 t ha-1 (B4). Each treatment was repeated 3 times so that there were 15 experimental units. The results showed that the observed variables had a very significant effect on plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area, cob weight, ear length (cm), wind-dried shell weight, weight of 100 seeds and productivity. The best treatment was obtained at doses of bokashi fertilizer of 20 t ha-1 (B4) and 15 t ha-1 (B3).

PENGARUH AMELIORAN ORGANIK TERHADAP SIFAT KIMIA TANAH DAN PERTUMBUHAN CABAI RAWIT (Capsicum annum L.) PADA TANAH BEKAS TAMBANG NIKEL

Nickel mining activities in Southeast Sulawesi have triggered the physical, chemical and biological degradation of soil. Therefore, the application of organic amendment was an alternative solution to restore the degraded soil. This research aimed to study the effect of ameliorant on soil chemical properties and the effect of ameliorant on yield of cayenne pepper on ex-nickel mining soil. This research was conducted on Field Experimentation Station. Faculty of Agriculture Halu Oleo University, from January to April 2021. This study was carried out using a Randomized Block Design (RBD), which consists of 4 treatments namely without ameliorant (B0), cow manure 60 (B1), biochar husk 60 (B2), cow manure + biochar husk (1:1) 60 (B3) with 4 replications. The results showed that overall ameliorant had an effect on increasing soil pH, Organic-C, available-P, available-K, and Cation Exchange Capacity. Soil pH increased from 4.32 to 6.1, C-organic increased from 0.78% to 1.89%, available-P increased from 3.87ppm to 16.87ppm, available-K increased from 10 mg 100g-1 to 40 mg 100g-1, Cation Exchange Capacity increased from 0.1 me 100g-1 to 75.11 me 100g-1, while total-N increased from 0.21% to 0,38%. Application of 60 (B1) of cow manure increased the plant height and the number of leaves by 29.65 cm and 51,25 respectively.

Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Nutrient Uptake by Pericopsis mooniana in Media Post Gold Mining Land

This study aims to determine the levels and nutrient uptake of kayu kuku (Pericopsis mooniana Thwaites) mycorrhizal plants aged four months in post-gold mining field scale. Sampling was carried out in the post-Bombana gold mining area. Leaf drying and weighing wass carried out at the Laboratory of the Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, Halu Oleo University and measurement of nutrient content and uptake at the SEAMEO BIOTROP Soil and Plants Laboratory Bogor, this study started from May to Jully 2021. This research method used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 4 treatments, namely control (A), G. coronatum (B), G. claroideum (C) and mixed AMF (B+C). This study was divided into 3 groups where each group contained 1 plant so that the total plants used are 12 kayu kuku plants. The results showed that AMF G. coronatum significantly increased N, P and Mn nutrient levels. Mixed AMF (G. coronatum + G. claroideum) was effective in increasing nutrient uptake of N, P, Mn and Fe. AMF was effective in increasing the levels and nutrient uptake of the four month old P. mooniana on post-Gold Mining

Exploring lecturers’ experiences in developing EFL material at English Education Department in Three Different Universities

This study aims at exploring the lectures’ way to develop EFL materials; strategies for developing EFL materials; and challenges in developing ELT Material. This study was conducted in English Education Department of three different universities namely STKIP Paracendekia Sumbawa, Makassar State University, and Halu Oleo University. In collecting the data, the researchers used narrative case study design. The instrument of this study was the researchers themselves. The result showed that firstly the lecturers who developed English material only implemented some steps in developing teaching material such exploring students’ need, contextualizing material, and use the material in teaching and learning process. In this case, the material developer disregarded some other steps such as material trials in small group and evaluation of teaching material. Secondly, the strategies used by the lecturers in developing teaching material is by using analysis, Imitation, and modification, determining the aim of developing teaching material, knowing the number of students and time duration is available, and team teaching. Lastly, in developing teaching materials, the lecturer found some challenges such as difficulties of finding text and sources based on local wisdom, appropriated material, changeable lesson plan, and cost and time

PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN KEMBANG KOL (BRASSICA OLERACEAE L.) PADA BERBAGAI KONSENTRASI AIR CUCIAN BERAS TERFERMENTASI

This study aims to determine the effect of various concentrations of fermented rice washing water on the growth and yield of cauliflower plant. The research was carried out at the Field Laboratory of Experimental Gardens II, Faculty of Agriculture, Halu Oleo University, Kendari, from July to September 2021. The study used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) consisting of six treatments, namely Control (P0), POC 20 mL/L(P1), POC 40 mL/L (P2), POC 60 mL/L (P3), POC 80 mL/L (P4) and POC 100 mL/L (P5). Each treatment was repeated three times so that there were 18 experimental units. The variables observed were plant height, number of leaves and weight of flower mass. The results showed that the application of various concentrations of fermented rice washing water could increase the growth and yield of cauliflower plants. The best treatment was obtained at POC concentration of 40 mL/L with a plant height of 11.83 cm, flowermass weight of 35.05 g. Whereas the highest number of leaves was obtained in the 60 mL/L (P3) treatment.

Scarification and Seed Biomatriconditioning Effect Using Endophytic-Rhizobacteria in Areca Nut (Areca catechu L.) Seedling Vigor.

<b>Background and Objective:</b> Intensive and commercial development of areca nut requires the provision of high-vigour areca nut. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of scarification and seeds biomatriconditioning using endophytic-rhizobacteria in increasing seedlings vigor of areca nut. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> The research was carried out at the Agronomy Unit of Agrotechnology Laboratory, Agriculture Faculty, Halu Oleo University, from November, 2020-March, 2021. The research design was split-plot in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The main plot, seed scarification, consisted of 2 treatments, without scarification and scarification. Sub-plots, seeds biomatriconditioning using endophytic-rhizobacteria, consisted of 6 treatments, control, L1-R, M5-R, LA6-R, LA2-E and RJ6-R. <b>Results:</b> The results showed that the scarification treatment did not affect the seedlings vigor of the areca nut. Seed biomatriconditioning using endophytic-rhizobacteria was able to increase seedling vigor both without scarification and with scarification. There were 3 isolates of endophytic-rhizobacteria which were more able to increase the vigor of areca nut without scarification, namely L1-R, LA6-R and LA2-E, with an increase of 137, 104 and 102%, respectively compared to the control, while in scarified seeds, L1-R isolate was able to increase the seedlings vigor of areca nut by 194% compared to the control. <b>Conclusion:</b> Scarification treatment did not affect the vigor of the areca nut. Seed biomatriconditioning with endophytic-rhizobacteria was able to increase the vigor of areca nut seeds either without scarification or with scarification.

Application of local microbes increases growth and yield of several local upland rice cultivars of Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia

Rice is the major food commodity in Indonesia and many other countries, as the main source of carbohydrate. Rice production must be increased continuously to meet food needs, one of which is by utilizing largely available dry land areas. Two important factors required to increase rice production on marginal soils are the use of high-production adaptive varieties and biological agents. It is necessary to conduct research on the application of local microbes to the cultivation of upland rice cultivars, with the aim to determine the best genotypes and/or suitable microbes. This research was carried out at the Research Field and laboratories of Faculty of Agriculture, University of Halu Oleo, from April 2020 to April 2021. The first tested factor was biological agents (local microbes), consisting of three levels, namely: without microbes (M0), the fungus Trichoderma sp. (M1), and the bacteria Pseudomonas sp. (M2). The second factor was the upland rice cultivar, which consisted of five levels, namely: V1 (Tinangge cultivar), V2 (Enggalaru cultivar), V3 (Bakala cultivar), V4 (Momea cultivar), and 1 nasional variety, namely V5 (Inpago-12 variety), as check variety. The research results showed that the interaction between local microbes Trichoderma sp. (M1) and Pseudomonas sp. (M2) on Tinangge (V1) and Momea (V4) cultivars gave a better effect on crop production. The best cultivar based on the growth and yield variables was generally obtained from the Momea cultivar (V4), although in many variables it was not significantly different from the Tinangge cultivar (V1). These cultivars could be further studied and possibly developed for promising cultivars in Kendari areas.

Historical and Cultural Tourism Development Model in improving the Community's Economy in the Jati Bali Village West Ranomeeto District of South Konawe Regency

The tourism sector is an opportunity for the community to create innovations to increase the economic capacity of the family. The uniqueness of an area if managed properly can become a new tourist destination for tourists. Such is the case with Jati Bali Village in West Ranomeeto District, South Konawe Regency. A village with unique potential with Balinese cultural characteristics, but located in the Southeast Sulawesi Region of Indonesia. In addition to its unique culture, in Jati Bali Village there is also a historical site in the form of a Dutch colonial heritage bunker. By Halu Oleo University, this area is used as a forum to devote knowledge to the community in the form of the KKN Tematik (Thematic Community Service Program). This program is held as an effort to foster collective awareness and community innovation power in the development of historical and cultural tourism to improve the economy. It was identified that the potential for historical and cultural tourism in Jati Bali Village apart from bunkers, there are also temples for worshiping Balinese Hindus, performing arts accompanied by gamelan music, as well as traditional Ngaben ceremonies which are still being maintained. Meanwhile, in terms of natural management, this village has agro-tourism potential with modern agriculture, because basically agriculture is the main source of income for the Jati Bali’s community, who originated to be transmigrants from Bali. The participatory approach is used as a method of assisting the community to prepare for the development of tourism objects in the village. Thus, the Thematic Community Service Program in the form of counseling, training, and empowerment based on historical and cultural tourism has become a strategy and effort for academics from Halu Oleo University to increase people's sources of income, especially the people of Jati Bali Village.

Causes and impacts of phubbing on students in a public university

Background: With the rapid development of smartphones in the market, phubbing has become popular, which is a behavior of ignoring someone in the environment because it focuses more on gadgets than on building conversations.Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore causes of phubbing, and its impact on the health of adolescents, especially students. Methods: This study employed a qualitative research design conducted in June 2021 at Halu Oleo University, Indonesia, among students in the fourth semester. Focus Group Discussion and In-Depth interviews were used for data collection. Data analysis was thematic.Result: The results showed that the students realized that an individual with phubbing behavior tends to forget the interaction activities in the surrounding environment. The duration of smartphone usage was from two hours to ten hours per day. Phubbing is becoming a phenomenon among students due to the need to get the latest information or news during their studies.Conclusion: There are many reasons for phubbing, including obtaining updated knowledge and information that leads to social media use more often, eliminating boredom, seeking entertainment, and staying in touch with friends and parents. However, phubbing impacts physical health, such as headaches, soreness in the eyes, the strain on the neck, and mental/social health, such as anxiety, fear, discomfort, and disruption of social interactions. It is therefore recommended to remind the students not to use smartphones excessively.