Haloxylon Recurvum Research Articles

Estimation of Biocidal Potential of Desert Phytopowders for the Management of Citrus Canker

Citrus is one of the most important fruit crops, throughout the world. It is a rich source of antioxidants and vitamin C. Citrus canker is a potential threat to its successful production. In current study, ten desert phytopowders including Xanthium strumarium, Dipterygium galucun, Leptadenia pyrotechnica, haloxylon recurvum, Suaeda fruticosa, Salsola baryosma, Citruluscolocynthis, Abutilon indicum, Aerva javanica, and Calotropis procera at three different concentrations (5.0, 7.5 and 10.0%) were evaluated under in vitro conditions against Xanthomonas citri pv. citri. Among all phytopowders, X. strumarium and S. fruticosa, showed maximum inhibition zone (40 mm) followed by S. baryosma(38.50 mm) C. colocynthis(37 mm), Abutilon indicum(34 mm), H. recurvum(32 mm), D. galucun (30.5 mm), A. javanica, (29.50 mm), L. pyrotechnica, (29.5 mm) and C. procera (28 mm) as compared to control. Then, effective phytopowders were applied under greenhouse and field conditions @ 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0% against citrus canker. Combination of X. strumarium + S. baryosma showed minimum disease severity (22%) followed by X. strumarium (26%), X. strumarium + S. fruticosa (27%), S. fruticosa (27%), X. strumarium + S. baryosma (27%), and S. baryosma (29%) as compared to control. While in field experiment, the combination of X. strumarium + S. fruticosa showed significant results with minimum disease severity (32%) followed by S. fruticosa + S. baryosma (32%), X. strumarium + S. baryosma (33%), S. baryosma (35%), X. strumarium (36%) and S. fruticosa (36%) as compared to control. It is concluded that application of X. strumarium + S. baryosma phytopowders will be helpful for farmers to combat citrus canker.

In Ovo Antiviral Screening of Cholistani Plants Against Swine Influenza Virus and Confirmation Through Real Time PCR

Cholistani plants are a rich source of many biological/pharmacological agents. Recent studies have supported the idea that cholistani plants are rich in antimicrobial agents especially against viruses. Medicinal plants like Haloxylon recurvum, Salsola baryosma, and Achyranthes aspera hold the potential to control viruses like Avian Influenza and Swine Influenza. Prevention by vaccination is the best treatment so far, but some side effects are associated with vaccines alone or in combination with other influenza virus strains. Eleven different Cholistani plants (H. recurvum, H. salicornicum, A. aspera, Suaeda fruticosa, Sporobolus icolados, Solanum surattense, Ochthochloa compressa, Neurada procumbens, Panicum antidotal, Oxystelma esculentum, and Salsola baryosma) were selected and tested against SI strian H1N1. The samples were washed and dried under shade at RT. All the plants were ground and used in making extracts using different solvents. The SIV H1N1 isolate was confirmed through real-time (rt) PCR and then subjected to 9-11 days old chick embryonated eggs. Eggs were candled and viability of embroy was confirmed. After 48hrs, allantoic fluids were collected, and viral loads were also confirmed through HA test and RT-PCR. Most of the extracts were found effective in controlling growth of the virus. Among these, n-hexane and ethanol (EtOH) extracts were found most effective, and all extracts were active against SIV H1N1. In the case of ethyl acetate and methanol (MtOH) 9 out of 11, similarly, in n-butanol (BtOH),7 out of 11 extracts were active against SIV H1N1. All the results were first confirmed HA test and later through rt-PCR. The virus was not detected in the outcomes of rt-PCR, confirming the antiviral potentials of extracts of Cholistani plants. This study strongly supported the idea that Cholistani plants are a rich source of antiviral agents and can be used in pure and crude form.

Effect of modification of Haloxylon recurvum biomass on the sorption of acidic dye from aqueous media

Effect of modification of Haloxylon recurvum biomass on the sorption of acidic dye from aqueous media

Efficient adsorbent derived from Haloxylon recurvum plant for the adsorption of acid brown dye: Kinetics, isotherm and thermodynamic optimization

The capacities, mechanisms, and potential of low-cost Haloxylon recurvum stem (HRS) biomass for sorption of acid brown 354 dye (AB354) from waters were studied. Fourier transformed infrared spectroscope (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), thermal analysis (TGA) and elemental analyzers were utilized for the characterization of biomass before and after sorption of dye. There was an enhancement in adsorption capacity with increasing the dye concentrations. With an increase in the initial dye concentration, the increase in the sorption capacity of the biomass was noticed (i.e. 2.846 mg/g – 10.011 mg/g). The extent of removal of dye decreased with the increase in temperature (i.e. 77.7% to 52.9%) and the particle size of the biomass (i.e. 81.3% to 36.6%). Ho's pseudo-second-order kinetic model (χ2 = 0.0679361), as well as Langmuir (χ2 = 1.05637 × 10–12) and Temkin sorption isotherms (χ2 = 1.36752 × 10–12), were well in line with the sorption data and best represented the equilibrium sorption of the dye. Negative Gibb's free energy value ∆G (-3.616–-0.333) and enthalpy ∆Ho (-24.826) values were the indication of spontaneous, as well as feasible and exothermic nature of the sorption process. The investigations demonstrated that HRS biomass was an attractive and potential material for removal of acidic dye from dyed effluents than many others reported in the literature.

Ethnomedicinal knowledge and relative importance of indigenous medicinal plants of Cholistan desert, Punjab Province, Pakistan

Ethnopharmacological relevanceEthnomedicinal studies are significant for the discovery of new crude drugs from indigenous reported medicinal plants. The current study aimed to report the indigenous medicinal knowledge of plants and herbal remedies used as folk medicines in Cholistan desert, Punjab Province, Pakistan. Material and methodsRapid appraisal approach (RAA), semi-structured interviews, group meetings with herbalists, landowners and local people having awareness about the medicinal action of plants were employed to collect the data. Results and discussionsThis study reports 70 medicinal plants belonging to 27 families that were disseminated among 60 different genera and Poaceae was the predominant family over others with 13 reported medicinal plants. Among plant parts, leaves were the dominant over others with 26.4% used in herbal preparations followed by the stem (25.2%), fruit (21.5%), flower (16.3%), seed (6.5%), bark and pod (02%). Haloxylon recurvum exhibited the highest use vale (UV) 0.83 while least UV was exhibited by Mollugo cerviana that was 0.16. ConclusionImportant medicinal plants, reported in this study have been screened for phytochemical and pharmaceutical activities in different parts of the globe. It is recommended that reported medicinal plants having potent action for cancer and hepatitis must be screened for pharmacological activities.

Potential biosorbent, Haloxylon recurvum plant stems, for the removal of methylene blue dye

Conventional technologies for the removal of dyes from the waste water are proving expensive due to non-regenerable materials used and their high costs. The use of dried biomass from Haloxylon recurvum plant stems (HRS) was studied for the removal of methylene blue, a textile dye, from its aqueous solution. FTIR studies revealed a variety of functional groups on the plant surface including carboxyl and amino groups. The pH at the point of zero charge (pHpzc) was found to be 6.3. The dye uptake by the plant increased with increasing pH, time of contact and dye concentration. Lagergren Pseudo first order and the Ho’s pseudo second order models were used to study the kinetics. The Langmuir and Freundlich equilibrium models were studied and the qmax was 22.93mg/g. The changes in the values of free energy (ΔGo) and enthalpy (ΔHo) indicated the spontaneous, feasible and exothermic nature of the sorption process. H. recurvum plant is locally available in large quantities, so the powdered stems can act as a cost-effective and ecofriendly biosorbent for the removal of the dye from its aqueous solutions.

Mineral Profile of Browse Species Used as Feed by Grazing Livestock in Cholistan Rangelands, Pakistan

2 Abstract: The Cholistan rangelands were observed to be degrading due to various stresses, whose effects could be seen as poor livestock production. Hence a preliminary survey was conducted in order to assess the nutrients concentration of major browses used as feed during the period of whole year for livestock grazing therein. The browse species were evaluated by their mineral composition including the macro minerals (P, K, Na, Ca and Mg) and micro minerals (Mn, Cu, Zn and Fe). The investigated species were consisting of Calligonum polygonoides, Suaeda fruticosa, Salsola baryosma, Haloxylon recurvum, Haloxylon salicornicum, Capparis decidua, Calotropis procera, Tamarix aphylla, Prosopis cineraria and Acacia nilotica. The browse samples were collected based on preferences by grazing animals, accessibility to browsing and abundance in the said area. The results of this study indicated that the concentration of almost all the minerals (micro and macro) except Na among selected browses was less than required level for ruminants grazing therein. This may be, one of the causes responsible for the pitiable health and productivity of livestock in Cholistan rangelands. The low quality forages require the attention of range manger to improve the habitat conditions and livestock breeds. It was proposed that fertilization of soil and vegetation with additional sources will not only improve the over all vegetation but also enhance the productivity of grazing animals and other wildlife. These rangelands have potential for improvement provided proper ecological management practices and with participation of local community.

Haloxylon stocksii (Boiss.) Benth. et Hook. f., a promising halophyte: distribution, cultivation and utilization

Neglected and underutilized species often play a vital role in securing food and livestock feed, income generation and energy needs of rural population. In spite of their great potential little attention has been given to these species. Khar, Haloxylon stocksii (Boiss.) Benth. et Hook. f. (syn. Haloxylon recurvum sensu Bunge in Boiss.) (Chenopodiaceae) is a halophyte shrub naturally growing in the arid and semi-arid saline lands. The species has been used for making Saji and a number of other beneficial applications that include the use as fodder, folk medicine and plant ash as washing agent. Moreover the species is tolerant to environmental stresses, which make it suitable for cultivation in saline land of arid and semi-arid regions. One major factor hampering its successful improvement and promotion is the limited and scattered knowledge available on this species. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the importance of H. stocksii by presenting information on species’ occurrence, ecology, uses, cultivation and ethnobotany to stimulate interest to promote its domestication and commercialization for regional and global markets.

Response of germination and early seedling growth of phog (Calligonum polygonoides) and khara lana (Haloxylon recurvum) to temperature and salinity

Experiment was conducted to assess the effect of temperature and salinity on germination and seedling growth of C. polygonoides and H. recurvum. Seeds were incubated at five temperatures (15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 °C) with six NaCl concentrations (0,100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 mM) for H. recurvum and with seven NaCl concentrations (0, 25, 50, 100, 200, 300, and 400 mM) for C. polygonoides. The 20–25 °C temperature seems to optimum for germination and seedling growth of C. polygonoides and H. recurvum. Germination and seedling growth were inhibited by either an increase or a decrease in temperature from the optimal temperature. The C. polygonoides germinated up to 100 mM NaCl concentration, whereas H. recurvum germinated up-to 400 mM NaCl concentration under optimal temperatures. The 50 % reduction in seedling growth of C. polygonoides and H. recurvum was recorded with > 50 mM and 300 mM NaCl, respectively. The interaction effect of temperature and salinity on all measured variables was significant. Salinity- induced inhibition of germination and seedling growth was more at higher temperatures in both species. These results provide information pertaining to germination behaviour of species, and shows that in arid region, selection of suitable planting time and site must take into account both salinity and temperature.

Is soil salinity one of the major determinants of community structure under arid environments?

Five distinct habitats along salinity gradient were explored for plant ecological attributes including soil plant interaction, vegetation composition and species distribution in the Cholistan desert. Higher saline sites supported Sporobolus ioclados with Aeluropus lagopoides, Cymbopogonjwarancusa, Ochthochloa compressa, Haloxylon recurvum and Suaeda fruticosa , whereas moderately saline habitats supported predominantly Fagonia indica, C. jwarancusa and O. compressa . The community structure and composition of each habitat type were very specific, the most dominant component being S. ioclados . Each species has very specific relation to different environmental variables, and this reflects the habitat status, ecological adaptations and stress tolerance degree of the individual species. On the whole, it can be concluded that salinity alone was not responsible for the distribution of species at salt affected habitats.

A pharmacological and toxicological evaluation of Haloxylon recurvum

Haloxylon recurvum Bunge ex Boiss (Chenopodiaceae) is distributed chiefly from the Mediterranean region to Central and South Asia and traditionally applied externally for a variety of disorders. We investigated the in vivo toxic potential of crude methanolic extract of the whole plant and its n-hexane, chloroform, butanol, ethylacetate and aqueous soluble fractions by determining their acute toxicity and acute neurotoxicity in mice using Lorke's method and inverted screen test. In vitro studies were also conducted in order to investigate its antilipoxygenase, antibacterial and antifungal activities. All the fractions showed a narrow margin of safety in mice, except the aqueous fraction, which did not produce any mortality even at the highest tested dose (5000 mg kg−1). At non-lethal doses, only the aqueous fraction (TD50 1264 mg kg−1) was found to produce neurotoxicity in mice. In in vitro lipoxygenase inhibition assay, the ethylacetate fraction showed the most significant inhibitory activity. Crude methanolic extract and its butanol soluble fraction showed the most potent antifungal and antibacterial activity for all the materials tested. Thus, this report verifies the traditionally reported toxicity of this plant, as the majority of its components have exhibited a narrow margin of safety, however, they have been found active in in vitro studies, therefore, further studies are required in order to isolate the most active toxic compounds and differentiate them from these fractions.

Chymotrypsin inhibitory constituents from Haloxylon recurvum

Haloxylase, the triglyceride (1), unsaturated fatty acid (2), and saturated fatty acid methyl ester (3) have been isolated from the chloroform-soluble fraction of Haloxylon recurvum. Their structures have been elucidated through spectroscopic studies and chemical transformation. All these compounds showed significant inhibitory activity against the enzyme chymotrypsin in a concentration dependent fashion.

Recurvosides A and B, Antifungal Novel Steroidal Glucosides from Haloxylon recurvum.

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.

Recurvosides A and B, Antifungal Novel Steroidal Glucosides from Haloxylon recurvum

Abstract Recurvosides A (1) and B (2), new steroidal glucosides, have been isolated from the ethyl acetate soluble fraction of Haloxylon recurvum and their structures elucidated by spectroscopic techniques including two-dimensional NMR. Both the compounds exhibited potent antifungal activity.

Isolation and Cholinesterase‐Inhibition Studies of Sterols from Haloxylon recurvum.

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.

Halosterols A and B, Chymotrypsin Inhibitory Sterols from Haloxylon recurvum

Two new sterols, halosterols A (1) and B (2), have been isolated from the CHCl(3) soluble fraction of Haloxylon recurvum, and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic techniques including two dimensional-NMR. Both the compounds displayed chymotrypsin enzyme inhibitory potential.

Isolation and cholinesterase-inhibition studies of sterols from Haloxylon recurvum

Haloxysterols A–D ( 1– 4), new C-24 alkylated sterols, have been isolated from the chloroform soluble fraction of Haloxylon recurvum, along with five known sterols 5– 9, which are reported for the first time from this species. Their structures were determined by means of 1D- and 2D-NMR techniques. Compounds 1– 9 inhibited cholinesterase enzymes in a concentration-dependent manner with K i values ranging between 0.85–25.5 and 1.0–19.0 μM against acetylcholinesterase (AChE; EC 3.1.1.7) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE; EC 3.1.1.8) enzymes, respectively. Lineweaver–Burk, Dixon plots and their secondary replots indicated that compounds 1– 9 are non-competitive inhibitors of both AChE and BChE enzymes.

Diversity of Plant Species in Lal Suhanra National Park, Bahawalpur, Pakistan

For phytosociological studies of Lal Suhanra National Park, Bahawalpur five vegetationstudy sites viz., old irrigated plantation, new irrigated plantation, natural vegetation withinold demarcated desert area, new demarcated desert area and Patisar Lake area wereevaluated on the bases of varied ecological conditions. Old irrigated plantations consistedof mixed species plantations, mostly of Dalbergia sissoo, Acacia nilotica and Eucalyptuscamaldulensis. Forest plantations had specific type of flora, consisted of Prosopisglandulosa, Saccharum bengalense and Imperata cylindrica. New irrigated plantationpossessed mixed type plantations but monocultures of Dalbergia sissoo and sometimesEucalyptus camaldulensis are practiced in few blocks. The ground flora comprised ofagriculture weed like Conyza ambigua, Desmostachya bipinnata, Imperata cylindrica andtall grasses like Saccharum bengalense and Saccharum spontaneum with few nativetrees/large shrubs like Tamarix aphylla and Prosopis cineraria. Dense plantations almosttotally eliminated the ground flora, perhaps due to poor light intensity and last-seasonednon-decomposed plant material of deciduous trees. Natural vegetation is of desertic natureconsisted of Acacia jacquemontii, Haloxylon recurvum, Lasiurus scindicus, Ochthochloacompressa and Prosopis cineraria. Habitat diversity was the maximum in demarcated area,containing saline or sodic patches, low sand dunes and sandy clayey soils. Aeluropuslagopoides, Cymbopogon jwarancusa and Suaeda fruticosa generally confined to salinesoils. Ochthochloa compressa, Tamarix dioica, Cymbopogon jwarancusa and Prosopiscineraria restricted to interdunal sandy clayey soils and Aristida adscensionis, Calligonumpolygonoides, Lasiurus scindicus and Haloxylon recurvum were typified to sandy habitat.Non-demarcated area showed high grazing pressure, the vegetation was more or lessshrubby, but clusters of grasses like Cenchrus pennisetiformis, Cymbopogon jwarancusaand Lasiurus scindicus can be seen. Dominant species among dicots were Calligonumpolygonoides, Dipterygium glaucum, Leptadenia pyrotechnica, Haloxylon recurvum andSalsola baryosma. Vegetation inside the Patisar Lake was dominated by Phragmites karkaand Typha domingensis at shallow water whereas, Nelumbo nucifera and Vallisneria spiralisin the deeper waters. Cynodon dactylon with Phyla nodiflora dominated the bank buttussocks of Saccharum spontaneum and Saccharum bengalense were also recorded. Thehabitat has the ample potential to support a number of wildlife species including gamespecies like waterfowl, grey and black francolins, houbara bustard and sand grouses.

Effects of sodium chloride treatments on growth and ion accumulation of the halophyte Haloxylon recurvum

Effects of increasing salt concentrations 0, 180, 360 mol im3 sodium chloride (NaCl), on growth, succulence, mineral composition, and glycinebetaine content in Haloxylon recurvum was investigated. Fresh and dry weight of plants increased with an increase in salinity. Succulence of shoots increased at low salinity and decreased at high salinity. Root and shoot Ca+, Mg+, and K+content decreased with increasing salinity while both Na+ and Cl‐ content increased, reaching 4,900 and 5,300 mmol kg‐1 dry weight, respectively. Glycinebetaine (mol m‐3 tissue water) significantly increased in shoots at 360 mol m‐3 NaCl, but did not differ significantly in roots treated with from 0 to 360 mol m‐3 NaCl. Haloxylon recurvum is a highly salt tolerant stem succulent plant which accumulate a high quantity of salt, which makes it a good candidate to use for phytoremediation in highly saline areas of the sub‐tropics.

NaCl‐induced accumulation of glycinebetaine in four subtropical halophytes from Pakistan

Variation in both the total content and the concentration of glycinebetaine in response to increasing soil salinity was studied in the salt‐secreting Atriplex griffithii Moq., the leaf succulent Suaeda fruticosa (L.) Forssk., the stem succulent Haloxylon recurvum Bunge ex Boiss. and the osmotically adjusting desert grass Halopyrum mucronatum (L.) Stapf. collected from a subtropical maritime desert in Pakistan. Glycinebetaine content (mmol kg−1 dry weight) increased with increasing NaCl in Atriplex griffithii, Haloxylon recurvum and Halopyrum mucronatum, but peaked at 600 mM NaCl for Suaeda fruticosa and declined thereafter. Glycinebetaine concentration (mmol l−1 tissue water) increased with increasing salinity in all four halophyte species and was sufficiently high to serve as an osmoticum in all cases.