Halliday's Theory Research Articles

Directive Illocutionary Act Found in The Commuter Film

The study aimed to analyze the type of directive illocutionary act spoken by all characters in the commuter film. The theory of Searle and Vanderveken (1985) on the type of directive illocutionary act is used in analyzing data findings. Halliday's theory (1985) of context of situation also supports the analysis in this study. Data were analyzed by using descriptive qualitative method. There are 91 utterance of directive illocutionary act found in the movie. The most dominant type is commanding act with 44 data (49%) occurrences followed by asking act with 30 data (33%) occurrences. The last type is ordering act with 17 data (18%) occurrences. The movie that used as the data source is a thriller-themed movie about the main actor who works on a mission given by someone. Thus, this movie contained many types of command, ask and order act.

Register in Ensemble Stars Music Game

This research aims to describe the linguistic form, discover the meaning, and identify the register's function in the Ensemble Stars Music game. The theories applied are Finegan's theory to describe register linguistic forms, Halliday's theory to find register meaning, and identify register functions. This study uses a qualitative methodology by way of discourse analysis. The data taken is in the form of words related to gameplay. From the 25 data found, there are 14 single words, 7 compound words, and 4 shortenings divided into 3 initialisms and 1 acronym. Regarding the meaning discovered, most registers are classified as open variations compared to closed ones. Based on the analysis, the register function that appears the most is personal. In addition, the registers also have imaginative, representational, interactional, and instrumental functions.

An Analysis and Comparison of the Differences in the Realization of Interpersonal Functions in Different Political Keynote Speeches

This research employs Halliday's theory of the interpersonal function to scrutinize and contrast language patterns and techniques in keynote speeches delivered by notable political figures, specifically former US President Donald Trump, ex-UK Prime Minister Theresa May, and former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton. In the era of globalization, where increased interconnectedness emphasizes the importance of political speeches, shaping nations and reflecting the interests and identities of stakeholders, it is crucial to examine these speeches. The analysis identifies shared traits, including skillful use of first-person language to establish authority and self-expression, in addition to the use of medium-valued modal verbs and declarative mood for interpersonal connection and viewpoint assertion. The study explores variations in Trump's "America First" inaugural address and disparities in speeches by Trump and May that are related to high-valued modal and second-person verbs, highlighting their different political backgrounds. Furthermore, it evaluates the interpersonal function in Hillary Clinton's speeches, examining language's effectiveness in engaging audiences and accomplishing different speech objectives. By examining these patterns, this research supports a better understanding of cultural differences between the United States and Britain, revealing linguistic tools that help political figures connect with audiences and accomplish specific speech goals. This cross-cultural study provides detailed insights into language's role in political communication, deepening our understanding of leaders' strategies for effective agenda communication and resonance with constituents.

A Comparative Mood Analysis of the English Speeches of General Qamar Javed Bajwa and General Pervaiz Musharraf

Mood refers to the transient emotional and mental state of an individual. This study delves into an examination of mood types present in the speeches of Qamar Javed Bajwa and Pervaiz Musharraf, drawing on M.A.K Halliday's theory. Its primary objective is to elucidate the prevalent mood structures within their speeches and to discern how these moods manifest the unique features of their oratory. Utilizing a descriptive qualitative approach and transcriptions of their speeches, the research scrutinized 316 lines of two army chiefs’ speeches. The findings unveiled the existence of three distinct mood types: declarative, interrogative, and imperative. Notably, Bajwa predominantly employed the declarative mood in 87% of his speech, while Musharraf consistently used it 90% of the time. The interrogative mood was a much rarer presence, appearing in just 1.15% of the speeches. The imperative mood featured in Bajwa's speech at a rate of 12% and in Musharraf's speech at 7.5%. It is worth noting that the declarative mood, which involves the provision of information, was the most frequently utilized mood in the speeches of both individuals.

Modality Realization in Covid-19 Academic Papers

Modalities are often used in both spoken and written material. However, people only know the modalities and values manifested in academic written texts once they conduct a study. This research aims to analyze the form and matter of modalities and investigate how these modalities are realized in Covid-19 scholarly articles. This research uses descriptive qualitative research methods and Halliday's theory. The data consists of clauses of six COVID-19 social and political journal articles on various topics, such as (social, economic, political, health, communication, and tourism). Data collection was carried out using a documentary approach. The model used in this research is interactive. The data analysis technique uses qualitative descriptive analysis. Based on the findings of this research, 260 clauses contain modality, and two types of modality are used in them. This research also found the realization of modality as a capital operator that is often used in Covid-19 academic papers, as it is. Found 238 capital operators. Apart from that, authors generally use limited modal operators in their articles because there are 238 modal operators located, and this is followed by additional modals with a total of 18. On the other hand, passive verb predicators and adjectives are rarely found.

Reading passages and conversation text in EFL textbook for junior high school: Analysis on the process of transitivity system

This research aims to identify the process types of the transitivity system from the reading passages and conversational texts of the EFL textbook entitled Modul Pengayaan for seventh-grade junior high school students, which is composed based on the implementation of Kurikulum 2013. The present study employed a descriptive qualitative research design. The data of this study are obtained from reading texts and conversational texts (text dialogues). The collected data of the transitivity process presented in sentences and clauses were analyzed using Halliday's transitivity system. The results show that all the process types of transitivity system with 35 processes were found in the reading passages and conversational texts of the textbook, namely: material process with 5 data (14.28%), mental process with 12 data (34.28%), verbal process with 3 data (8.57%), relational process with 13 data (37.14%), behavioral process with 1 data (2.85%), and existential process also with 1 data (2.85%). All the types of transitivity processes have been presented adequately based on Halliday's theory, although the two types of transitivity process (behavioral and existential process) almost have come from ignorance. Therefore, this study suggests that the textbook designer and material developer produce diverse clauses and sentences by using the six process types of transitivity in English written texts, especially in the reading passages and conversational texts.

Conjunction Analysis of Gramatical Cohesion on Christine Lindop’s Bridge and Other Love Stories

This study aims to describe the forms of grammatical cohesion conjunctions in a short story book entitled The Bridge and Other Love Stories by Christine Lindop. This study focused on the forms of conjunctions, meanings, and grammatical cohesion functions by using Halliday's theory to analyze the data. The approach used in this study was descriptive qualitative to analyze every word contained in the short story entitled The Bridge and other love stories by Christine Lindop. The results of this study indicate that the forms of grammatical cohesion conjunctions contained in the short story book with that title are Additive, Adversative, Causal, and Temporal conjunctions. The meaning and function of each cohesion are 1) meaningful as a sequential connecting time, 2) shows the cause of something, 3) shows the event that contrasts with the situation, 4) shows a choice. This research can be a reference for academics for further research in the same field with different objects in the future.

Translating Linguistic and Situation-based Jokes from Arabic into English

أصبحت النكات على نحو متزايد الوسيلة التي يعبر من خلالها الناس في مختلف البلدان العربية عن همومهم. تمتلئ منصات وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي مثل Facebook وTwitter بالنكات التي تتناول مختلف مجالات الحياة. وتتناول الدراسة الحالية التعقيدات التي تنطوي عليها ترجمة النكات العربية بشكل عام والنكات السياسية بشكل خاص إلى اللغة الإنجليزية. وإلى أي مدى يمكن تحقيق التكافؤ الترجمي في اللغة الهدف وتحقيق الغرض الأصلي من النكات والذي لا ينحصر فقط على المرح و إمتاع الجمهور. وتتكون مدونة هذه الدراسة من 100 نكتة تم جمعها من مواقع مختلفة.
 واستخدمت الدراسة إطار نظرياً انتقائيًا، يأخذ في الاعتبار نظريات الترجمة الحديثة كالنظرية القصدية أو سكوبوس لهانز فيرمير، والنظريات اللغوية الحديثة كنظرية هاليداي في اللسانيات الوظيفية (SFL) (هاليداي، 1985/1994). خلصت هذه الدراسة إلى أن فهم النكتة ثم إعادة إنتاجها وترجمتها يعتمد على مجموعة من العوامل اللغوية وغير اللغوية، ويجب أن يكون المترجم على دراية بالسياق اللغوي والثقافي و ربما الأيديولوجي لتقديم النص بشكل مناسب. ولن يتم الحفاظ على دقة الترجمة أبدًا ما لم يتم أخذ جميع هذه الجوانب في الاعتبار.

A Study of Transitivity in the Sino-US Trade War Discourse from the Perspective of Critical Discourse Analysis — A Case Study of Center for Strategic and International Studies

From the perspective of Critical Discourse Analysis, this study analyzes the transitivity in American Think Tanks’ discourse in the Sino-US trade war. It uses Fairclough’s three-dimensional framework model as the theoretical framework and Halliday's theory of transitivity and Van Dijk's theory of Ideology Square as analytical tools. The corpus was selected from the experts’ comments on Sino-US trade war published on the official website of the Center for Strategic and International Studies from March 23, 2018 to March 24, 2019. Major findings are as follows: experts in CSIS use material (56.49%) and relational (26.62%) process most frequently, followed by mental (7.79%), existential (5.84%) and verbal (3.25%) process, with no behavioral process. Experts in CSIS use material process and relational process frequently in their comments, which indicates that they try to expound the measures taken by both sides in the Sino-US trade war and the impact of these measures on the development of Sino-US trade war.

Advertisement from the Minister of Heath Regarding Multimodal Analysis in COVID-19

This study talks about how to use multimodal analysis in a covid-19 advertisement. This study is trying to figure out what the covid-19 ad looks like and how it makes you think. It also wants to look at the linguistic and visual aspects of the messages. This is how the research was done: It used a qualitative method, which meant that the data were taken from YouTube and then turned into five images. This study uses Halliday's theory to figure out how Cheong talks and uses visual elements (GSP). In the covid-19 ad, there are visible and linguistic elements that show the process of GSP. As you can see, there are five leads, one display, five primary announcements, five secondary announcements, one call and visit, and one tag for each. Material Process 11, Actors 6, Circumstances 3, Location 1, and Goals 10 are all parts of the linguistic ideation function.

Textual Analysis in TEDxSalem Speech on 'Prioritizing mental health in schools by Hailey Hardcastle'

This study aims to determine the realization of textual metafunctions 
 and the types of themes that are dominated in speeches about mental 
 health on the TEDxSalem YouTube channel entitled 'Why you should 
 take a break: Prioritizing mental health in schools and brought by 
 Hailey Hardcastle. The method in this research is qualitative with a 
 content analysis approach. The data was obtained from the speech text 
 and the data were analyzed using Halliday's Theory by considering the 
 data analysis steps proposed by Gay et al. From the results of the 
 analysis, it was found that the realization of the textual metafunction in 
 Hailey Hardcastle's speech was applied. Found 105 clauses in the 
 speech. And in those 105 clauses, there are themes and rhymes that 
 mediate messages to their listeners. So it can be concluded that based on 
 the textual metafunction perspective, the speaker tries to attract the 
 listener's attention to focus more on the message of what is being said, 
 and gives a lot of statements to tell the listener his confession that 
 mental health should be considered the same as physical health and 
 preferably starting at an early age.

Circumstantial Adjunct used in the Novella “A Reason to Rain” by Donna M. Young

This research aims to describe the different types of circumstantial adjuncts and the primary forms of circumstantial adjuncts identified in Donna M. Young's novella "A Reason to Rain." The researcher looked at several forms of circumstantial adjuncts in Donna M. Young's novella "A Reason to Rain" along with the instances identified. The descriptive qualitative method was employed in this investigation. The information comes from "A Reason to Rain," a novella. After reading the novella via pdf entitled "A Reason to Rain" by Donna M. Young, the researchers found 117 circumstantial adjuncts used in the novella. After that, the researcher classified the types of circumstantial adjuncts in the novella by using Halliday's theory. Then, using the percentage formula, the researcher calculates the percentage of the circumstances. The study's finding shows that this novella has seven circumstantial adjuncts types, including place, level, role, manner, accompaniment, cause, and content. However, there are no contingency and angle adjuncts in this novella. Furthermore, location adjuncts were discovered to be the most prominent affixes, accounting for 42.57 percent of all circumstantial adjuncts.

A SYSTEMIC-FUNCTIONAL APPROACH IN LINGUISTIC ANALYSIS (ON THE EXAMPLE OF TWO ONLINE ARTICLES ANALYSIS RECOUNTING THE 2014 CRIMEAN REFERENDUM FOLLOWING THE RUSSIAN ANNEXATION)

a comparative analysis of two texts recounting the 2014 Crimean Referendum following the Russian Annexation has been conducted through a systemic-functional paradigm in order to examine linguistic features that have been employed to convey bias or impartiality. These texts have been analyzed taking into account M. Halliday's theory, which states that semantics of the text is inextricably linked with grammar, as meanings are realized in language through formulations [6]. In order to trace the meaning of a text, discursive grammar must be both functional and semantic, i.e. grammatical categories must be interpreted as expressions of semantic models. Field, Tenor and Mode are defined as three aspects of the context that influence ideational meaning, interpersonal meaning, and textual meaning respectively. In the given article ideational and textual meanings are examined.

LANGUAGE FUNCTIONS USED BY THE CARETAKERS OF AUTISTIC CHILDREN IN “MIRACLE RUN”

This study investigates language functions used by the caretakers of autistic children in ―Miracle Run‖. The objectives of the study are to find out the kinds and the effectiveness of language functions used by caretakers in the film. This study uses descriptive qualitative approach. It is categorized as discourse analysis because this study analyzes phenomena of talk in interaction. The data are collected from the utterances used by the caretakers; they are mother, doctor, teacher, and therapist when talk to the autistic children and those are analyzed by using M.A.K Halliday theory on language functions.

A CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF RM’S SPEECH

This research explores critical discourse analysis of a speech conveyed by RM, the leader of BTS on Monday noon, 24th September 2018 in United Nations Assembly on the inauguration of UNICEF’s new global partnership “Generation Unlimited”. The framework of analysis was based on M.A.K Halliday theory namely Systematic Functional Grammar (SFG) includes analysis of transitivity and modality. This CDA study intended at revealing the language, ideology and power which involved in RM’s six-minute speech in order to convincea audiences to agree and approve his ideas related to the issue of empowering young people in education, training and employment. The data was collected from a six-minute speech by RM and analyzed qualitatively. The speech consisted of 784 words that constituted on 47 sentences. The result of the analysis showed that all processes types of transitivity system found in the speech with relational process as the most dominant process, followed by mental process in the second rank and behavioral process in the next rank. In addition, modality analysis result showed that the general tense use in the speech were simple present and simple past with the first and second pronoun as the participants, none of singular third person used in the speech. Last, May and Will took more often used in the speech compare with other modal auxiliaries.

Process Types of Transitivity in Recount text written by Eleventh graders of ISAT-U Senior High School Philippines in Academic year 2018/2019

AbstractThis study is conducted to analyze transitivity process used in eleventh graders students of ISAT-U Senior High School based on Halliday's theory of Systemic functional linguistic, and identify the most dominant process used in the text. This study focuses on analyzing students transitivity process in their writing. It is expected to give a students' insight understanding in using transitivity process in delivering their ideas through text.This study is classified into descriptive qualitative research. The subject of the research is 11 recount text from eleventh graders of ISAT-U Senior High School Philippines, while the unit analysis is clause on students writing. The writer collected the data through documentation. After reducing, the writer analyze the transitivity process found using Halliday's theory.The result of the study shows that there are six types of transitivity process used by the students in their writing, they are material process (41.80%), relational attributive (28.79%), mental process (11.76%), verbal process (10.53%), relational identifying process (3.10%), behavioral process (2.48%), and existential process (1.55%). Relational attributive and identifying are types from relational process. Based on the findings, students are able to apply six types of transitivity process in their writing. On the whole, material process positioned as the most dominant process used by students in delivering their idea. It is clearly shown by the percentage in which used in 135 of 323 clauses.

10.14221/ajte.2018v44n5.3

This paper gives a brief summary of Halliday's theory of how children learn to talk, illustrating the development of children's language from the microfunctions through the macrofunctions and into the metafunctions of adult language. The paper points to a possible source of the misinterpretation of Halliday's theory in the work of Frank Smith (1983), which appears to have 'trickled down' into some of the textbooks written for pre-service teachers in Australia. Links are made to teachers' knowledge about language (KAL) and the current Australian Curriculum English (ACE). It is suggested that while any number of functions of the language of school-aged children may be described, it is perhaps misleading to refer to the microfunctions as 'Halliday's functions'.

Comparison Among Some View Points Upon Second Language Acquisition Theory

This study focuses on the comparison and contrast among the theories of second language acquisition. The theories chosen for comparison are the Behaviorist's theory, the Nativist's theory, the Interactionist's theory, the Information Processing theory, the Vygotsky's theory, and the Halliday's theory. The comparison of the six main theories are designed in the form of a table based on some main and important points; such as, the history, the scholars and their books, the Concept (Keyterm & their meaning), the Key to learning, the Leaning process, as well as Evaluating Human Being and Evaluating Language. Especially, in the summary table, the second language acquisition theories are analyzed to find out which theories adapt the viewpoints of the learners, based on the effects of learning process, learners and the phases of learning a language. As a result, this researrch can be seen as a brief dictionary of many key terms and the authors’ viewpoints on second language acquisition analyzed in the theories applied in over the world.

THE IDEOLOGY AND THE IDEATIONAL MEANING PROCESSES BEHIND THE ADVERTISEMENTS OF COSMOPOLITAN MAGAZINE

This study tried to reveal the ideology and the process of ideational meaning behind the advertisements found in a female magazine, Cosmopolitan. The analysis of ideology was based on four basic assumptions. They are beauty, prestige, health and others. In analyzing the processes of the ideational meaning, the writer used Halliday theory that discusses about six types of processes. They are material (doing/event) process , mental (thinking/sensing/feeling) process,relational (attributive/identifying) process, behavioral process, verbal process and existential process. The results show that the advertisements are dominated by beauty ideology (45,5%) and relational process (41,4%). Based on the result, it is clear that as a female magazine, Cosmopolitan presents advertisements that offer beauty products/services. Moreover, relational process (identifying) is used more because the producer and the advertiser are aware that they cannot compel the consumers to buy the products/ services offered. The use of the process is aimed to show the products/ services that will raise the curiosity of the consumers and to persuade the consumers to buy the products/services.

The Strategies to Develop Bilingual Ability for Vietnamese

The hypothesis is that non-native language speakers (e.g., Vietnamese who study English) face lots of difficulties due to the differences in linguistic features and negative transference. Therefore, no one can deny that it is not easy to study a language and more difficult to study a second language or a foreign language now that every language in the world has its own characteristics which are nearly completely different from one another. To solve this problem, many linguists have created their theories of second language acquisition, such as Behaviorist's theory, Nativist's theory, Interactionist's theory, Information Processing theory, Vygotsky's theory, Halliday's theory, Sociolinguistic's theory. Therefore, with the hope to solve those problems, this study focuses on some difficulties facing learners of English and their solutions. The article is divided into 3 main parts, including difficulties in the four skills as (1) speaking and listening for communication such as prosody and fluency; (2) writing and (3) reading. About the solutions for the difficulties mentioned above, to begin with, in prosody, solution focuses on the importance of combining phonological knowledge with rhythm, melody, English stress rules and syntax rules in teaching and learning English intonation affected by stress for Vietnamese students, verified by Experimental Phonetics. Moreover, writing, grammar and vocabularies improving as well as identification of the types of writing can be considered as one of the practical solutions. Last but not least, in reading, K-W-L strategy (K: KNOWN, W: WHAT, L: LEARNT), one the best ways to activate schemata is also the suitable solutions as well.