Halfway House Research Articles

소년사범에 대한 중간처우 확대 방안

소년사범에 대한 중간처우 확대 방안

Citizenship and local practices of rule in Indonesia

Citizenship develops in relation to the specific way in which the colonial state and local societies reshaped each other. This article traces the history of that relationship in Indonesia over the last two hundred years. At first, a central colonial state with insufficient resources to enforce its will negotiated halfway accords with a host of local rulers. Villagers ‘belonged’ to their patrimonial ruler, with the choice to submit or run away. By the early twentieth century, the state began to develop its technical means to bring about major economic and social changes, but only in densely populated areas with agrarian potential. Capitalism there began to disrupt village life and loosen clientelistic bonds. An indigenous constituency emerged for relatively autonomous citizenship. After independence in 1945, state politics there were (left-)populist rather than liberal. Where the state had fewer interests, however, the central state presence remained thin. The nineteenth century halfway house was reinvented and stabilized. Local leaders more easily gained monopolistic control over economic resources, allowing them to enforce clientelistic forms of citizenship. Central state elites were happy to grant local autonomy there, since it also relieved them from direct citizen pressure on their own prerogatives.

Recovery Related Group Homes and Disproportionate Environmental Hazard Impacts

Environmental justice research has shown that different marginalized populations in the United States have been disproportionately impacted by environmental harms. Most of the research and policy has focused on racial/ethnic minority and low-income groups. None of the research has focused on populations in recovery from addiction. In this article, we consider the intersection between environmental hazard and the siting of addiction recovery homes. We suggest that a pattern of co-occurrence between environmental hazards and recovery houses constitutes a particular form of environmental injustice. We base our research on the assertions of scholars such as who demonstrate that the discrimination and stigma faced by people in recovery contribute to a not-in-my-backyard response when the construction or development of recovery houses is proposed. Theoretically, we contend that such responses are governed by a politics of disposability. This is a pilot study with two areas of research showing a positive correlation between sober living houses being located in areas with higher rates of cancer, lead paint, and respiratory hazards; more research is warranted. Using a linear model, we show that there is a positive correlation between higher cancer risk, lead paint exposure, and respiratory hazard index, and having an Oxford House located in a census block group in both Washington, DC, and Pennsylvania.

Abortion in Northern Ireland: Has the Rubicon Been Crossed

There appears to be very little public and moral furore over the question of the legality of abortion in the United Kingdom compared to the position abortion takes in the public debate in, say, the United States of America. Yet despite this the legal position of abortion is markedly different in both countries. In the United States, there is a constitutional right to abortion. Contrastingly, in the United Kingdom abortion remains a criminal offence. Instead, abortion has been decriminalized in certain therapeutic situations and circumstances, as expounded by the Abortion Act 1967. However, the 1967 Act applies only to England, Wales and Scotland. It did not extend to Northern Ireland. Given the nature of the polity of the UK, there exist today three separate legal regimes for abortion – England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. Writing in 1985, Madeleine Simms argued that “the 1967 Abortion Act was a half-way house. It handed the abortion decision to the medical profession. The next stage is to hand this very personal decision to the woman herself” (Simms 1985: 94). Despite this, the half-way house remains the governing statute in Great Britain, and Northern Irish abortion law is still governed by a Victorian statute, the Offences Against the Person Act 1861 (OAPA). Recent events, however, have placed renewed focus on Northern Irish abortion law. In February 2018, the UN Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) released a report stating that: [T]housands of women and girls in Northern Ireland are subjected to grave and systematic violations of rights through being compelled to either travel outside Northern Ireland to procure a legal abortion or to carry their pregnancy to term (UN CEDAW 2018). On 25 May 2018, Ireland held a referendum on the Thirty-Six Amendment to the Constitution Bill 2018, which completed its passage through the Oireachtas, the Parliament of Ireland, in March 2018. Under Articles 46 and 47 of the Irish Constitution the Constitution can be amended by way of a Bill which is passed by both houses of the Oireachtas, and then put to the Irish people in a referendum. If the referendum is successful then the Bill is signed into law by the Irish President. The referendum was successful in May, approved by 66.4% of voters (Referendum Ireland 2018). The Bill sought to replace Article 40.3.3 of the Irish Constitution with the following words: Provision may be made by law for the regulation of termination of pregnancy. The passing of the May 2018 referendum meant that Northern Ireland will have the most restrictive abortion laws in the British Isles. In part due to the Irish Referendum result, on 5 June 2018, the Labour MP Stella Creasy rose in the Commons Chamber to call for the repeal of the relevant sections of the OAPA across the United Kingdom, which make abortion a criminal offence. Such a repeal, if successful, would force both the Westminster Parliament and the Stormont Assembly in Belfast to legislate on the matter of abortion. Then, on 7 June 2018, the United Kingdom’s Supreme Court dismissed an appeal from the Northern Ireland Human Rights Commission (NIHRC) challenging the legality of the abortion law in Northern Ireland, claiming that it was incompatible with Articles 3 and 8 of the European Convention of Human Rights (ECHR). The Supreme Court held by a majority of 4-3 that procedurally, the NIHRC did not have standing to bring proceedings and therefore the Supreme Court has no jurisdiction to make any substantive declaration. Despite this, however, on the substantive issues Lady Hale made clear that a majority (Lord Mance, Lord Kerr, Lord Wilson and Lady Hale) held that the current Northern Irish law was incompatible with the right to respect for private and family life, protected by Article 8 ECHR, “insofar as it prohibits abortion in cases of rape, incest and fatal foetal abnormality”. Lady Black agreed with that holding in the case of fatal foetal abnormality. Lord Kerr and Lord Wilson also held that it is incompatible with the right not to be subjected to inhuman and degrading treatment, guaranteed by Article 3 ECHR. Lady Hale made clear that the “unusual circumstances” of this judgment, it was not possible to follow the Court’s usual practice to identify a single lead judgment which represents the majority view. The Supreme Court decision, alongside the Parliamentary debate, places renewed focus upon the abortion laws of Northern Ireland, as well as those which apply to the rest of Great Britain, which suggests that the ‘half-way house’ of the 1967 Act may finally be close to being reformed to hand the decision of abortion to women themselves.

The street school Srikandi as an empowerment model of humane education for the street girls of non halfway house in Surabaya

The street children have not had a solid emotional mental, however they must deal into the life of street that harsh, competitive and tend to affect negatively for their personality development. Their where abouts on the street is not motivated by family economic factor only, but it is also influenced by the disharmony of role and function of family rules and social environment influences. The street children empowerment that had been conducted by the halfway house does not run effectively. This research was aimed to identify problems faced by the street girls, to describe the efforts to overcome the problems faced by the street girls, and also developing the empowerment model for the street girls in Surabaya who do not stay in the halfway house. This research used qualitative method. The problems are often experienced by the street girls, for instance violence. Besides, imitative behavior arises as a respond towards behavior that happened to them. The parents also play role in the process of social control. The empowerment model that is designed is the educational empowerment through revitalization of family rules. Moreover, life skills education has to be strengthened to improve the welfare standard of living.

Resident’s satisfaction to relocated Houses after 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami, Thailand

Abstract After Indian Ocean tsunami of 26 December 2004, Government, NGO and private organizations provided various types of post-disaster permanent housing. This study focuses on Relocate houses in Namkem community, Phangnga after residents live long-term in this post-disaster house. Aims to analyze resident’s satisfaction to Housing after lived more than a decade in the post-tsunami houses and analyze the development to physical of house regard to reconstruction, functions, or size. The relocation effect to the house adaptation and residents life style as a result shown that even self-built house that residents have participate in design and construction process themselves also need the individual renovation, according to that many of residents have change their job or need to travel in longer distance for work, The car park was one of the popular choice for space extension follow after the adding more bedrooms as number of family member increase. Residents who individually renovated and extend the house have gain more satisfy with their house so provided land-plot for self-extension may important more for recovery housing.

Risky business, risk assessment, and other heteronormative misnomers in women’s community corrections and reentry planning

This article uses ethnographic and interview data to explore how halfway house and community corrections staff in a women’s halfway house in the northeastern region of the U.S. police women’s sexuality and the ensuing complications of being queer and under supervision. In this setting, women are required to create a Reentry Home Plan that is approved by Community Corrections Officers, putting into tension some women’s newly emerging queer identity and/or nonnormative relationship schema that they see as “healthier” and more stable than heterosexual relationships, with Probation or Parole Officers’ heteronormative ideals that disapprove nontraditional home plans. This study shows how these women negotiate a marginalized sexual identity and resist biased forms of heteronormative surveillance that extend beyond the legislative parameters of community corrections supervision. It also illustrates the tensions between correctional staff, who view residents’ nonnormative relationships as potential sources of risk, and the supervised women, as they develop community release plans.

“All They Do Is See the Charge”: Reentry Barriers and Correctional Programming Needs of Women Returning to Society after Incarceration

ABSTRACTThis study utilized a qualitative approach to examine formerly incarcerated women’s perceptions of their reentry process and to understand the role correctional programming may have to alleviate the difficulties for this population when transitioning back into society. In-depth interviews were conducted with halfway house residents (N = 26). It is necessary for correctional personnel and policy makers to understand the needs of these women so that gender-responsive programming may be implemented in prisons to better prepare women to deal with the challenges of reentry.

“Free but Still Walking the Yard”: Prisonization and the Problems of Reentry

This paper draws on nine months of ethnographic research living in a halfway house and interviews with former prisoners to theorize the embodied experience of reentry. I treat prison release as a s...

Illicit Drug Use, Illicit Drug Use Disorders, and Drug Overdose Deaths in Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Areas - United States.

Problem/ConditionDrug overdoses are a leading cause of injury death in the United States, resulting in approximately 52,000 deaths in 2015. Understanding differences in illicit drug use, illicit drug use disorders, and overall drug overdose deaths in metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas is important for informing public health programs, interventions, and policies.Reporting PeriodIllicit drug use and drug use disorders during 2003–2014, and drug overdose deaths during 1999–2015.Description of DataThe National Survey of Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) collects information through face-to-face household interviews about the use of illicit drugs, alcohol, and tobacco among the U.S. noninstitutionalized civilian population aged ≥12 years. Respondents include residents of households and noninstitutional group quarters (e.g., shelters, rooming houses, dormitories, migratory workers’ camps, and halfway houses) and civilians living on military bases. NSDUH variables include sex, age, race/ethnicity, residence (metropolitan/nonmetropolitan), annual household income, self-reported drug use, and drug use disorders.National Vital Statistics System Mortality (NVSS-M) data for U.S. residents include information from death certificates filed in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Cases were selected with an underlying cause of death based on the ICD-10 codes for drug overdoses (X40–X44, X60–X64, X85, and Y10–Y14). NVSS-M variables include decedent characteristics (sex, age, and race/ethnicity) and information on intent (unintentional, suicide, homicide, or undetermined), location of death (medical facility, in a home, or other [including nursing homes, hospices, unknown, and other locations]) and county of residence (metropolitan/nonmetropolitan).Metropolitan/nonmetropolitan status is assigned independently in each data system. NSDUH uses a three-category system: Core Based Statistical Area (CBSA) of ≥1 million persons; CBSA of <1 million persons; and not a CBSA, which for simplicity were labeled large metropolitan, small metropolitan, and nonmetropolitan. Deaths from NVSS-M are categorized by the county of residence of the decedent using CDC’s National Center for Health Statistics 2013 Urban-Rural Classification Scheme, collapsed into two categories (metropolitan and nonmetropolitan).ResultsAlthough both metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas experienced significant increases from 2003–2005 to 2012–2014 in self-reported past-month use of illicit drugs, the prevalence was highest for the large metropolitan areas compared with small metropolitan or nonmetropolitan areas throughout the study period. Notably, past-month use of illicit drugs declined over the study period for the youngest respondents (aged 12–17 years). The prevalence of past-year illicit drug use disorders among persons using illicit drugs in the past year varied by metropolitan/nonmetropolitan status and changed over time. Across both metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas, the prevalence of past-year illicit drug use disorders declined during 2003–2014.In 2015, approximately six times as many drug overdose deaths occurred in metropolitan areas than occurred in nonmetropolitan areas (metropolitan: 45,059; nonmetropolitan: 7,345). Drug overdose death rates (per 100,000 population) for metropolitan areas were higher than in nonmetropolitan areas in 1999 (6.4 versus 4.0), however, the rates converged in 2004, and by 2015, the nonmetropolitan rate (17.0) was slightly higher than the metropolitan rate (16.2).InterpretationDrug use and subsequent overdoses continue to be a critical and complicated public health challenge across metropolitan/nonmetropolitan areas. The decline in illicit drug use by youth and the lower prevalence of illicit drug use disorders in rural areas during 2012–2014 are encouraging signs. However, the increasing rate of drug overdose deaths in rural areas, which surpassed rates in urban areas, is cause for concern.Public Health ActionsUnderstanding the differences between metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas in drug use, drug use disorders, and drug overdose deaths can help public health professionals to identify, monitor, and prioritize responses. Consideration of where persons live and where they die from overdose could enhance specific overdose prevention interventions, such as training on naloxone administration or rescue breathing. Educating prescribers on CDC’s guideline for prescribing opioids for chronic pain (Dowell D, Haegerich TM, Chou R. CDC guideline for prescribing opioids for chronic pain—United States, 2016. MMWR Recomm Rep 2016;66[No. RR-1]) and facilitating better access to medication-assisted treatment with methadone, buprenorphine, or naltrexone could benefit communities with high opioid use disorder rates.

Ethnographic research in immigrant-specific drug abuse recovery houses

ABSTRACTAccess to study populations is a major concern for drug use and treatment researchers. Spaces related to drug use and treatment have varying levels of researcher accessibility based on several issues, including legality, public versus private settings, and insider/outsider status. Ethnographic research methods are indispensable for gaining and maintaining access to hidden or “hard-to-reach” populations. Here, we discuss our long-term ethnographic research on drug abuse recovery houses created by and for Latino migrants and immigrants in Northern California. We take our field work experiences as a case study to examine the problem of researcher access and how ethnographic strategies can be successfully applied to address it, focusing especially on issues of entrée, building rapport, and navigating field-specific challenges related to legality, public/private settings, and insider/outsider status. We conclude that continued funding support for ethnography is essential for promoting health disparities research focused on diverse populations in recovery from substance use disorders.

P.3.d.017 - Comparison of stress levels between stabilised psychotic patients in a half-way house and a control group from the community

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second most common cancer in humans and its incidence is rising. Although surgery is the treatment of choice for cSCC, postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy has an important role in local and locorregional disease control. In this review, we analyze the value of postoperative radiotherapy in the management of high-risk cSCC (in particular, cases with perineural invasion), cSCC with positive surgical margins, and locally advanced cSCC (with parotid gland and/or lymph node metastasis).El carcinoma epidermoide cutáneo (CEC) es el segundo tumor más frecuente en humanos y tiene una incidencia creciente. Aunque la cirugía representa el tratamiento de elección del CEC, la radioterapia adyuvante postoperatoria tiene un papel relevante en el control local y locorregional de la enfermedad. En esta revisión analizamos la utilidad de la radioterapia postoperatoria en el manejo del CEC de alto riesgo (especialmente con infiltración perineural), en el control del CEC con márgenes positivos tras la cirugía y en el CEC localmente avanzado (con metástasis parotídeas o ganglionares).

Overdose history is associated with postdetoxification treatment preference for persons with opioid use disorder

ABSTRACTBackground: Without aftercare treatment, persons discharged from short-term inpatient detoxification for opioid use disorder are at high risk of relapse. In previous work, those who were recently homeless or had pending legal problems were more likely to prefer residential treatment for aftercare. Here, based on clinical experience, the authors hypothesize that a particular clinical factor, surviving an opioid overdose, will be associated with aftercare preference. Methods: Between May and December 2015, the authors surveyed consecutive persons seeking inpatient opioid detoxification. To assess aftercare treatment preference, participants were asked, “If you had unlimited treatment options and all were free, which one would work best for you when you leave here?” To assess overdose history, participants were asked about overdose “since your first drug use,” and “in the last year.” Results: Participants' (N = 440) mean age was 32.3 (± 8.7) years; 70.7% were male. More than half (51.1%) of participants expressed an aftercare preference for medication-assisted treatment (MAT), 12.7% for outpatient counseling only, 10.7% for residential treatment,18.6% for no formal treatment (Narcotics Anonymous/Alcoholics Anonymous only or a halfway house), and 6.8% did not want any postdetoxification treatment. About 40% reported a history of overdose, and 24.8% reported past year overdose. In the multivariate model, treatment preference was associated with sex (P < .001), homelessness (P = .01), and history of drug overdose (P = .02). Conclusions: Although MAT was preferred by the majority of participants, the experience of a nonfatal overdose was associated with the choice of residential treatment as postdetoxification treatment.

Recovery capital pathways: Modelling the components of recovery wellbeing

BackgroundIn recent years, there has been recognition that recovery is a journey that involves the growth of recovery capital. Thus, recovery capital has become a commonly used term in addiction treatment and research yet its operationalization and measurement has been limited. Due to these limitations, there is little understanding of long-term recovery pathways and their clinical application. MethodsWe used the data of 546 participants from eight different recovery residences spread across Florida, USA. We calculated internal consistency for recovery capital and wellbeing, then assessed their factor structure via confirmatory factor analysis. The relationships between time, recovery barriers and strengths, wellbeing and recovery capital, as well as the moderating effect of gender, were estimated using structural equations modelling. ResultsThe proposed model obtained an acceptable fit (χ2 (141, N=546)=533.642, p<0.001; CMIN/DF=3.785; CFI=0.915; TLI=0.896; RMSEA=0.071). Findings indicate a pathway to recovery capital that involves greater time in residence (‘retention’), linked to an increase in meaningful activities and a reduction in barriers to recovery and unmet needs that, in turn, promote recovery capital and positive wellbeing. Gender differences were observed. ConclusionsWe tested the pathways to recovery for residents in the recovery housing population. Our results have implications not only for retention as a predictor of sustained recovery and wellbeing but also for the importance of meaningful activities in promoting recovery capital and wellbeing.

Epidemiological study of Spinal Cord Injury individuals from halfway houses in Shanghai, China

Objective: To describe the characteristics of spinal cord injury (SCI) individuals in Shanghai and examine their treatment and rehabilitation for traumatic and complete SCI individuals.Design: Community-based secondary data analyses.Setting: Shanghai, China.Methods: We analyzed gender, age at injury, complications, disturbances of function, treatment, etiology, and severity of injury of SCI individuals that enrolled in “halfway houses”, government-supported community co-op centers. Bivariate statistical analyses were conducted to examine the factors associated with complete and traumatic SCI.Results: We analyzed 808 SCI individuals who participated in halfway houses in Shanghai during 2009–2015. The male-to-female ratio was 2.1:1. The proportion of middle or elder age groups at injury (age 46 to 60 and age 61 or over) showed a rising trend from 1970 to 2015. The leading causes of SCIs in Shanghai were traumatic injuries (58%), followed by disease (29.5%). The proportion of traumatic injuries decreased over time, while the proportion of non-traumatic injuries rose significantly. A majority of traumatic injury individuals were aged between 16–45.Conclusion: The middle or elder age groups at injury among SCI individuals increased continuously from 1970 to 2015. The principal causes of injury in Shanghai were traumatic injuries and disease-related injuries. Men had a higher prevalence of traumatic SCI in Shanghai. Preventive measures should focus on male and middle-aged adults. As a fast-aging society in Shanghai, more effective prevention, medical care, and rehabilitation schemes should be implemented for aging SCI individuals.

Housing Status, Psychiatric Symptoms, and Substance Abuse Outcomes Among Sober Living House Residents over 18 Months.

Studies show individuals entering sober living recovery houses (SLHs) make significant, sustained improvement on measures of substance abuse problems, employment, and arrests. The current study assessed changes in housing status among SLH residents over 18 months and the relative influences of housing status and psychiatric distress on substance abuse outcomes. Two hundred forty one men and 58 women, all age 18 and older, were interviewed within their first week of entering 20 SLHs and again at 6-, 12-, and 18-month follow-up. Between entry into the SLHs and 18-month follow-up homelessness declined from 16% to 4%, marginal housing declined from 66% to 46%, and stable housing increased from 13% to 27%. Psychiatric severity was generally mild to moderate in severity, but nevertheless showed improvement over the 18-month study period. Multivariate models showed worse substance abuse outcomes for residents with higher psychiatric distress and unstable housing. Relative to persons with stable housing, those who were homeless or marginally housed had worse outcomes and those in SLHs had better outcomes. Overall, we conclude that individuals entering SLHs show improvement in housing status and psychiatric distress, both of which are associated with better substance abuse outcomes.

A Study on the Original Criticism on the Halfway House

A Study on the Original Criticism on the Halfway House

An Eight State Study on the Relationships Among Domestic Violence Shelter Services and Residents’ Self-Efficacy and Hopefulness

Survivors of intimate partner violence have myriad reasons why they turn to domestic violence shelter programs. While all are seeking immediate safety and feel a pressing need to leave their homes to obtain it, safety is rarely the only issue survivors are grappling with upon shelter entry. Other concerns are particular to each person’s history and circumstances, and include but are not limited to employment, counseling, social support, health care, addiction recovery services, immigration help, housing, and services for their children. The current study involved secondary analysis of survey data completed at two points in time by 565 shelter residents. The original research involved 215 domestic violence programs across eight states in the U.S., and surveys were completed by shelter residents shortly after they arrived in shelter and again as they were close to exiting. Results confirmed that survivors had numerous needs in addition to safety when entering shelter. Residents’ overall rating of how helpful their stay at shelter had been for them was predicted by how much help they had received across their presenting needs, as well as how they were treated by staff. The amount of help received, as well as treatment by staff, also related to survivors’ hopefulness at shelter exit, as well as the extent to which they felt better able to do things on their own. The study findings provide further evidence that domestic violence shelter staff assist residents with a variety of complex needs in addition to safety, and that this assistance is related to positive outcomes for survivors.

Recovery Housing: Evolving Models to Address Resident Needs

ABSTRACTRecovery housing is a service delivery modality that simultaneously addresses the social support and housing needs of those in recovery from substance use disorders. This article describes a group of recovery homes in Texas (N = 10) representing a lesser-studied type of recovery housing, one which explicitly bridges treatment and peer support by providing a variety of recovery support services. All residents meet with a recovery coach, undergo regular drug screening, and have access to intensive outpatient treatment—a program that was developed specifically to support the needs of residents in the homes. Unlike the Oxford HouseTM model and California sober living houses, which are primarily financed through resident fees, these homes are supported through a mix of resident fees as well as private and public insurance. While adhering to some aspects of the social model of recovery, none of these homes would meet criteria to be considered a true social model program, largely because residents have a limited role in the governance of the homes. Residences like the ones in this study are not well-represented in the literature and more research is needed.

The Anexo in Northern California: An Alcoholics Anonymous-Based Recovery Residence in Latino Communities.

Our ethnographic study on help-seeking pathways of Latino immigrants in northern California reveals that they turn to anexos in their treatment and recovery quest. Anexos are linguistically- and culturally-specific recovery houses with origins in Mexico and Alcoholics Anonymous and a long history in Latino communities across the United States. Drawing on the findings of our study, we characterize the anexos and compare them to other recovery residences using National Alliance for Recovery Residences (NARR) criteria. The description and comparison reveal that anexos cannot be placed into a single NARR residence category. We discuss why this is the case.