Half Of 1990s Research Articles

The state regulation of penicillin price in the USSR in the second half of 1940s

The article considers, on the basis of analysis of declassified archival documents, issue of the Soviet government regulating price of penicillin in the second half of the 1940s in conditions of continuing drug shortage. The factors that affected formation of selling and retail prices of antibiotic are considered. Based on the calculation of cost of treatment of a number of nosologies in different age groups and comparing it with the level of income of the population, the conclusion is derived that real availability of antibiotics for population in the USSR was achieved by early 1950s.

Качественные характеристики зерновых ресурсов РСФСР во второй половине 1950-х гг. (докладные записки министра хлебопродуктов РСФСР в ЦК КПСС)

Качественные характеристики зерновых ресурсов РСФСР во второй половине 1950-х гг. (докладные записки министра хлебопродуктов РСФСР в ЦК КПСС)

Army and Art: the Musical Culture in the Red Army in the first half of 1930s

Army and Art: the Musical Culture in the Red Army in the first half of 1930s

TEACHERS AND STUDENTS OF THE PEDAGOGICAL INSTITUTES OF UKRAINE IN 1920 – 1960s THROUGH THE PRISM OF EVERYDAY LIFE

Review of the monograph: Oleksandr Lukianenko. “The closest friends of the party”: collectives of pedagogical higher education institutions of Ukraine in the images of daily 1920s – the first half of 1960s. Poltava: “Simon” Publishing House, 2019. 658 p.

Special'nye kollegii v sovetskoj sudebnoj sisteme vtoroj poloviny 1930-h gg.

Special'nye kollegii v sovetskoj sudebnoj sisteme vtoroj poloviny 1930-h gg.

Indigenous environmental defenders and the legacy of Macli-ing Dulag: Anti-dam dissent, assassinations, and protests in the making of Philippine energyscape

Globally, Indigenous Peoples’ dissent against unjust state and corporate incursions in their lands is being suppressed. States and corporations use penal laws, anti-terrorist legislation, and emergency powers to justify the detention of activists, who are subject to intimidation, human rights violations, or, at worst, extrajudicial killings. In 2019, the Philippines was named the most murderous country for environmental defenders; yet the literature about Indigenous Peoples’ dissent in the country, where militarization of ancestral domains has been a continuing state project, remains scant—in contrast to extensive academic attention in other places particularly in the Americas. This paper asks how, when and where Philippine Indigenous Peoples’ dissent started to expand—what narratives of mobilizations did history produce, and how do these narratives travel across space-time. Using multi-methods research and focusing on the Philippine Cordillera, where mega-hydropower projects have been extensively proposed as a key mode for energy transition, yet are widely opposed by uncolonized peoples, this paper describes how Macli-ing Dulag's assassination, the Ifugao cultural performances, and networked mobilization during the second half of 1970s up to the early 1980s are becoming relevant in present-day dissent against large-hydro projects.

The Citadel of Proletarian Literature. The Ural Association of Proletarian Writers on the Rise: 1926–1930

The article reconstructed the history of the creation and development of the Ural Association of Proletarian Writers from 1926 to 1930. The internal structure of the organization is described, the relationship with Russian Association of Proletarian Writers and the authorities is revealed, the leading role in the literary life of the Ural region is indicated. The specifics of managing the literary groups are determined, the agenda of congresses and conferences is articulated, the zones of self-description and self-criticism are investigated. Particular attention is paid to the comb-out of the organization in 1929–1930. For the first time archival materials (GASO, OMPU, TsEDOOSO) are introduced into scientific circulation; analyzed articles and notes in the Ural press of the second half of 1920s — early 1930s.

АРХІВНА СПАДЩИНА ШЕПТИЦЬКИХ У ФОНДАХ ЦЕНТРАЛЬНОГО ДЕРЖАВНОГО ІСТОРИЧНОГО АРХІВУ УКРАЇНИ У ЛЬВОВІ: ДО ПИТАННЯ ФОРМУВАННЯ АРХІВНИХ ЗБІРОК

The article demonstrates, based on valid sources, that archives of Metropolitan Bishop Sheptytskyi and his closest associates, as well as collections of documents from church institutions, which existed on St. George Hill, were in 1946 divided into at least three parts. The biggest part (that had a potential investigative basis), was moved to the accounting and archival department of NKVD, and from there in 1954, 1972 and 1976 it was transferred to CSHAL. Route of the second part is closely related to archival institutions specifically. During the first post-WWII years documents of the abolished UGCC ended up in the State Archive of Lviv Oblast, as during that time it was a central archival foundation in Lviv. Further movement of these materials to archival institutions in Kyiv (namely, CSHAK, VNLU) during the second half of 1940s and their return to Lviv at the beginning of 1950s is well traced due to accompanying documentation present. Third part of documents essentially didn’t leave Lviv. It was kept in the Metropolitan Palace during 1946–1951, and was later moved to CSHAL for safekeeping. Some parts of it were and still are in various libraries and museums throughout the city. Constant migration of documents, related to the figure of Metropolitan Bishop Andrey Sheptytskyi and the history of UGCC, as well as barbaric treatment of this archival heritage from people not qualified to handle it during first post-war years led to quite negative consequences — internal structures of collections of documents were damaged, their integrity violated, and as a result — loses were imminent. Due to documents arriving at CSHAL haphazardly at different times, they were assembled into newly created fonds using an intricate thematic and chronological approach. Highlighting the problem of moved documents of the church allows not only for further search for scattered archival fonds and collections, but in a larger sense — for a new look at the history of scientific institutions that kept and are still keeping safe the handwritten heritage of the past. Keywords: Metropolitan Bishop A. Sheptytskyi, Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church, archive fonds, moved materials.

Historical analysis of epizootiological situation of rabies on the territory of the Slovak Republic.

Currently, Slovakia is a rabies-free country, but the epizootiological situation of rabies was not always favorable. The main reservoir species of rabies virus in the first half of the last century was the domestic dog. Since 1906, hundreds of cases were reported, of which approximately 90% were infected dogs. The disease had a typical urban character. Since 1929, the number of rabid domestic animals decreased due to the implementation of dog vaccination campaigns in particular parts of Slovakia. From the second half of 1950s, red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) have become an important reservoir of the RABV. In this time period urban rabies in Slovakia changed into sylvatic form. One effective method of prevention and control of wildlife rabies is an oral rabies vaccination of red foxes. It is carried out in Slovakia since 1993. A detailed development of the rabies epizootiological situation on the territory of the Slovak Republic until the application of oral antirabies immunisation of foxes and the current situation after its performance is the main object of this review. Keywords: rabies; Lyssavirus; red fox; incidence; oral vaccination.

Grain Procurement and Tax Policy of the State in the Russian Countryside in the Second Half of 1920s and the Attitude of the Peasantry (On the Materials of the Moscow Province)

Grain Procurement and Tax Policy of the State in the Russian Countryside in the Second Half of 1920s and the Attitude of the Peasantry (On the Materials of the Moscow Province)

Revision of foreign language teaching aims under the conditions of school reforms (1956 – the first half of 1980s)

Revision of foreign language teaching aims under the conditions of school reforms (1956 – the first half of 1980s)

ОДЕССА В ПУБЛИЦИСТИКЕ НАТАЛЬИ ЛОГУНОВОЙ

This article is the third in a series of publications devoted to the biography and journalistic work of the Russian emigrant writer N.A. Logunova. The article describes the place of Odessa in her work, analyzes her journalistic work “We are from Odessa”, published in the emigrant press in the second half of 1950s. It is assumed that the authors of the article in the future will continue publishing and commenting Logunova’s journalistic texts about Odessa.

Counteraction to Criminality In the Ukrainian SSR In the Second Half of 1930S

For today there is a far of the publications sanctified to soviet history of 1930th. However basic attention in them is spared there are 1937-1939 to strengthening of the totalitarian mode and repressions. And the problems of combating crime have received little attention.Research aim. Taking into account insufficient worked out of theme, an author put an aim to itself to light up the role of militia in counteraction to some types of criminality in the second half 1930th. This range of problems is wide enough, that is why we specially did not investigate some of directions of activity of militia at this time, in particular fight against gangsterism, counteract to economic criminality and role of militia in repressions 1937-1938, as it is an object other our scientific researches.Research methodology. The fundamental methodological principle of the study for the author was historicism. We tried to study the processes, events and facts in chronological order, taking into account the then socio-political situation. The method of comparison allowed to consider the general and special in activity of militia of different regions of the republic and differences in counteraction to different types of crimes.The scientific novelty of the article is that for the first time in the historical literature it reveals the activities of the police in combating crime in the second half of the 1930s., related to improving the work of investigators, district inspectors.In the article basic directions of activity of militia are exposed in relation to counteraction to some types of crimes in Ukraine, in the second half of 1930th. In this time a "liberal" period made off relatively in history of soviet legislation.It was considered that in connection from completion of building of socialism in the USSR the main causations of crime, related to the inheritance of, are czarism on the whole removed, and the pore of the most rapid liquidation of criminality came, although at this time appeared and new types of crimes : 1. crimes related to the passport system (imitation, sale and purchase, theft of passports); 2. violation of charter of agricultural artel, violation of soviet and of a collective farm democracy; 3.sabotage of Stakhanovsky motion, pursuit ofStakhanov’ s men.New Constitution of the USSR was accepted in 1936, and in 1937 is new Constitution of Ukraine. For them wide rights for soviet citizens were proclaimed, but in reality they were not realized, becoming illustration to neglect of law and law and order.However would be an overstatement to consider that there was complete legal anarchy and raging of criminality in the state .Conclusions. In the second half 1930th a militia, without regard to mass repressions and certain vagueness of fate of many workers, continued counteraction to criminality. Certain attention was spared to the improvement of work of investigators, district inspectors, secret-service-informative work, bringing in of public to counteraction to criminality. In the total it was succeeded to attain some reduction of general level to criminality.

Breeding, dispersal, migration and conservation of the Black-winged Stilt (Himantopus himantopus) in Hungary

Abstract The Black-winged Stilt was the bird of the year in Hungary in 2019. The population of the species increased from 20–25 breeding pairs to 550–680 pairs from 1980s to the present. 75–85% of the Hungarian population bred on effluent pools for pigs and settling pools at sugar beet factories in the first half of 1990s. There were significantly more breeding pairs in Hungary in 1999 compared to previous years, and finally 871 breeding pairs of Black-winged Stilts were documented in 2000 and the Hungarian population was estimated at 940–960 pairs. There were 550–680 breeding pairs in Hungary between 2015 and 2017. Significantly more clutches had more than five eggs in the sampled colonies during the influx in 2000 than in the egg collections before 1971 or in the sampled colony in 2008 as well. First arrivals reached Hungary between 5 and 20 March (median: 15 March) between 2005 and 2019. These arrival dates fall approximately a month earlier than the former arrival dates in mid-April during the 1980s. 470 Black-winged Stilts were observed in a single flock during post-breeding dispersal, this flock was the largest ever documented in Hungary. Stilts left Hungary by the first half of September in the 1980s, and in contrast, they left Hungary between 27 August and 4 January (median: 19 October) between 2005 and 2019. Recently, the most departure dates fall one and a half to three months later compared to the departure dates in the 1980s. Black-winged Stilts marked in Hungary disperse in the Carpathian Basin during their post-fledging/post-breeding dispersal. Based on ring readings of two individuals, they start to migrate southwest with stopover sites in Italy, but their wintering areas are unknown. Stilts hatched in Portugal (one individual) and France (two individuals) bred in Hungary during the large influxes in 1999 and 2000. Five Black-winged Stilts hatched in Italy were observed later in Hungary and are supposed to be breeders in Hungary in most cases. Furthermore, one individual captured as an adult in Spain and two trapped in Italy were observed in Hungary. The Hungarian population of Black-winged Stilt is threatened by predation on eggs and chicks, drainage of wetlands, and also by human-induced flooding of artificial wetlands (e.g. fishponds). Stilts regularly occupy artificial breeding islands the first years after habitat restoration. The Hungarian population of Black-winged Stilts is increasing due to habitat management with grazing animals, especially with Mangalica ‘Woolly’ Pigs and Water Buffalos.

The Role of Ethnographers in the Invention of Socialist Traditions in the Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic

Abstract This study, based on archive document research and analysis of publications by Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic (LSSR) ethnographers, discusses the process of invention and implementation of Socialist traditions and the role of scientists in this. The introduction of Soviet traditions in Latvia did not begin immediately after the Second World War when the communist occupation regime was restored. The occupation regime in the framework of an anti-religious campaign turned to the transformation of traditions that affect individual’s private sphere and relate to church rituals – baptism, confirmation, weddings, funerals, Latvian cemetery festivities – in the second half of 1950s, along with the implementation of revolutionary and labour traditions. In order to achieve the goals set by the Communist Party, a new structure of institutions was formed and specialists from many fields were involved, including ethnographers from the Institute of History at the LSSR Academy of Sciences (hereinafter – LSSR AS). Ethnographers offered recommendations, as well as observed and analysed the process, discussing it in meetings of official commissions and sharing the conclusions in scientific publications, presentations, etc.

ВАДИМ ІЛЛЄНКО Й ЕВОЛЮЦІЯ КІНОЗОБРАЖЕННЯ

ВАДИМ ІЛЛЄНКО Й ЕВОЛЮЦІЯ КІНОЗОБРАЖЕННЯ

Ряды динамики сельского хозяйства Западной Сибири во второй половине 1960-х – первой половине 1980-х гг.: особенности источниковой базы и результаты построения

Ряды динамики сельского хозяйства Западной Сибири во второй половине 1960-х – первой половине 1980-х гг.: особенности источниковой базы и результаты построения

1920년대 말~1930년대 전반 토목담합사건 연구

1920년대 말~1930년대 전반 토목담합사건 연구

Ideological influence of the soviet authority on women in the western regions of the USSR (mid-1940s - first half of 1950s)

Ideological influence of the soviet authority on women in the western regions of the USSR (mid-1940s - first half of 1950s)

GOVERNANCE EFFICIENCY, ECONOMIC SECURITY AND FEDERALISATION. THE EUROPEAN UNION AT CROSSROADS — IS IT TIME FOR CONSOLIDATION?

The European Union (EU) has certainly reduced its influence in the global economic affairs. Despite the fact that it unites 28 nations, including the former great powers such as the United Kingdom, Germany, France and Italy, the political and economic power of the community has considerably decreased starting with the second half of 2000s. The present research is undertaken with the aim of increasing the readers’ awareness regarding the necessity of enforcing the EU economic security through consolidating the authority of the supranational bodies in relation with national representatives. The objectives to be reached in this regard include assessing how much the governance efficiency alternations among the EU member countries influence the efficiency of the single market in a globalised society. It was found that several processes determined the decline of Europe’s strength including raising globalisation and increasing competition, economic weaknesses of the EU which worsened during the crisis, stagnation of the integration process, feeble leadership and lack of resoluteness, especially in the most developed EU nations, declining adherence to “core” values, migration crisis, little political commitment to protecting EU’s citizens’ interests, and countries’ individualism in promoting key initiatives.