Abnormal Hair Research Articles

Formulation and Evaluation of Minoxidil Loaded Submicron Emulsion Based Topical Gel for Treatment of Alopecia

Introduction: Alopecia is a benign hair condition that causes reduced hair growth on the scalp and has afflicted populations worldwide. Aim: The present study is designed to formulate and characterize submicron emulsion-based topical gel containing an anti-hypertensive drug like minoxidil to overcome the adverse effects of conventional oral dosage forms & to provide an improved, targetted therapy for the treatment of alopecia. Methods: The minoxidil-loaded submicron emulsion was prepared by aqueous titration method using a suitable combination of Clove oil (oil phase), Tween 20 (surfactant), and Transcutol P (co-surfactant). Results: The maximum submicron emulsion area obtained after constructing pseudo-ternary phase diagrams was found in S\(_{\text{mix}}\) ratio 4:1. The optimized submicron emulsion formulation (M5) exhibited a pH of 5.4 \(\pm\) 0.17, in vitro release of 95.08 \(\pm\) 0.36%, ex vivo permeation of 79.36 \(\pm\) 0.18%, the particle size of 181.3nm with an uniform particle size distribution \((<1)\) and optimum zeta potential (-8.80 mV). The optimized formulation (M5) was then converted to intogel formulation by adding different concentrations (1%, 1.5%, and 2% w/v) of gelling agents like Carbopol 934. Among them, M5\(_{2 w/v}\) was considered to be the optimized gel formulation based on different evaluation studies. The optimized submicron emulsion-based gel formulation also showed an inherited anti-oxidant potential and remained stable for three months at \(4^{\circ}\). Conclusion: The minoxidil-loaded submicron emulsion-based topical gel formulation could be considered a beneficial nano-approach in contrast to other traditional topical dosage forms for treating alopecia.

Testing the effectiveness of hair growth tonic with cocoa bean extract on mice for physical stability and activity

Cocoa is a highly valued plant due to its versatile uses, including being processed into cosmetic products. Hair loss and slow hair growth are common hair-related concerns that can be effectively addressed through the use of hair tonics. Previously, research has shown that cocoa bean can effectively stimulate hair growth when made into a cream. Our research aimed to determine the secondary metabolite content of cocoa beans extract, formulate the extract into a hair growth tonic, and test its physical stability and effectiveness on hair growth in mice. Cocoa beans extracted by maceration method and conducted phytochemical screening. This extract was then used to create three formulations with different extract concentrations of 0.2%, 0.3%, and 0.5%, which were tested for physical stability, including organoleptic properties, homogeneity, pH, and specific gravity. Mice were divided into five treatment groups, hair length growth measurements were taken every week, on the 7th, 14th and 21st days. Six strands of hair were taken from the application area, and their length was measured using a calliper. Results revealed that cocoa seed extract contains flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, and phenolics. The formula with a 0.3% concentration of cocoa bean extract showed the best physical stability. Hair growth tests on mice showed no significant difference between the 0.3% and 0.5% cocoa bean extract formulas and the positive control in the second week. The 0.3% formula is the best for ensuring good physical stability and promoting hair growth in mice when used twice daily for two weeks

Herbs as Hair Care Cosmetic Agents: Mini Review

Abstract: Healthy hair is an important part of a beautiful body. Thus, new developments in hair science and hair care have been reported in the literature, and innovations and ideas in hair care and cosmetics are required. Hair care products are used to keep the scalp clean and moisturize the hair. Hair care products also help control hair structure and behavior, keeping hair in a controlled environment if necessary. Natural cosmetics are safer to use when compared with other synthetic products. They are hypoallergenic, dermatologist-tested and proven to be safe to use anytime, anywhere. Hair cosmetics consist of different agents such as hair oil, hair tonic, anti-dandruff, hair dye, etc. This review focuses on different types of herbs that can be used cosmetically for hair care.

The Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Hair Regeneration and Hair Cycle.

The health of hair is directly related to people's health and appearance. Hair has key physiological functions, including skin protection and temperature regulation. Hair follicle (HF) is a vital mini-organ that directly impacts hair growth. Besides, various signaling pathways and molecules regulate the growth cycle transition of HFs. Hair and its regeneration studies have attracted much interest in recent years with the increasing rate of alopecia. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), as pluripotent stem cells, can differentiate into fat, bone, and cartilage and stimulate regeneration and immunological regulation. MSCs have been widely employed to treat various clinical diseases, such as bone and cartilage injury, nerve injury, and lung injury. Besides, MSCs can be used for treatment of hair diseases due to their regenerative and immunomodulatory abilities. This review aimed to assess MSCs' treatment for alopecia, pertinent signaling pathways, and new material for hair regeneration in the last 5 years.

Transparent silicone-free shampoo containing proteins with strong hair conditioning properties.

With the constant upgrading of healthcare concepts, silicone-free hair products have attracted more attention among consumers. In the present study, transparent silicone-free shampoo containing proteins was successfully fabricated by mixing mild non-sulphate surfactants, compound cationic conditioners, natural silicone oil substitutes, protein conditioners, thickeners, and other auxiliary ingredients. The effects of the type of surfactants, hair conditioners and thickeners, the type and content of proteins, and the mass ratio of compound proteins on the hair foaming performance, hair grooming performance, and penetration performance were investigated. The basic formulation framework for transparent silicone-free shampoo was established at first. Then, various hydrolyzed proteins were further added to the basic formulation in the form of single use or compound use to prepare transparent silicone-free shampoo containing different proteins. The morphology of hair samples and penetration of protein in hair were evaluated with a scanning electron microscope and laser confocal fluorescence microscopy, respectively. And the hair grooming performance was also determined by a dynamic combing tester. The compound proteins of Croquat WKP PE-LQ-WD and Gluadin® Kera-PLM with mass ratios of 1:9 and 1:1 at 2 wt% total protein content added to the silicone-free shampoo brought a higher contact angle and a lower frictional coefficient than commercial silicone-free shampoo without proteins. In addition, the compound proteins also have the dual effect of adsorbing the hair surface and penetrating deep into the interior of the hair. The combination of cationic modified hydrolyzed protein (e.g., Croquat WKP PE-LQ-WD) and hydrolyzed protein with low molecular weight (e.g., Gluadin® Kera-P LM) at an appropriate mass ratio exhibited a strong synergistic effect on hair conditioning properties. It could provide a significant reference for developing silicone-free hair products with more benefits.

Safety Assessment of Alkyl Sultaines as Used in Cosmetics.

The Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety (Panel) assessed the safety of 13 alkyl sultaines, which are most frequently reported to function in cosmetics as antistatic agents, surfactants, and skin and hair conditioning agents. The Panel reviewed the available data to determine the safety of these ingredients. The Panel noted gaps in the available safety data for some of the alkyl sultaines in this safety assessment; the available data on some of the ingredients are sufficient, however, and can be read across to support the safety of other members of the group. The Panel concluded that these alkyl sultaines are safe in cosmetics in the present practices of use and concentration described in this safety assessment.

Safety Assessment of Hops as Used in Cosmetics.

The Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety (Panel) assessed the safety of Humulus Lupulus (Hops) Extract (reported functions include antimicrobial agent and hair conditioning agent) and Humulus Lupulus (Hops) Oil (reported function is fragrance). The Panel reviewed the relevant data related to these ingredients. Because final product formulations may contain multiple botanicals, each containing the same constituents of concern, formulators are advised to be aware of these constituents and to avoid reaching levels that may be hazardous to consumers. For these ingredients, the Panel was concerned about the presence of 8-prenylnaringenin, β-myrcene, and quercetin in cosmetics, which could result in estrogenic effects, dermal irritation, and genotoxicity, respectively. Industry should use current good manufacturing practices to limit impurities and constituents of concern. The Panel concluded that Humulus Lupulus (Hops) Extract and Humulus Lupulus (Hops) Oil are safe in cosmetics in the present practices of use and concentration when formulated to be non-sensitizing.

Tacrolimus monitoring in hair samples of kidney transplant recipients.

Calcineurin inhibitors, including tacrolimus, remain a cornerstone of immunosuppressive therapy after kidney transplantation. However, the therapeutic window is narrow, and nephrotoxic side effects occur with overdose, while the risk of alloimmunization and graft rejection increases with underdose. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) allows quantification of tacrolimus in biological samples from patients. This study investigates the feasibility of quantifying tacrolimus in scalp hair from kidney transplant (KT) recipients and correlates hair tacrolimus concentrations with tacrolimus dosage and blood trough levels. The aim was to provide proof-of-principle for hair tacrolimus drug monitoring in KT recipients. Single-center prospective study between September 9, 2021 and December 4, 2021, including KT recipients under tacrolimus. Minors, patients with active skin or hair diseases, and patients with scalp hair shorter than 4 cm were excluded from participation. Scalp hair was collected from the posterior vertex of patients, cut into segments, and analyzed for tacrolimus by LC-MS/MS. Patients filled out a questionnaire on hair treatments and washing habits. In parallel, tacrolimus trough levels were measured in whole blood and correlated with hair tacrolimus concentrations. In total, 39 consenting KT recipients were included, and hair samples were collected at 53 visits. Tacrolimus was detected in 98% of hair samples from patients exposed to the drug. Tacrolimus hair levels and whole blood trough levels were correlated with a beta coefficient of 0.42 (95% CI: -0.22-1.1, p = n.s.). Age and dark hair affected hair tacrolimus measurements, while different tacrolimus formulations (immediate release vs. extended release), hair washes, and permanent coloring did not. Longitudinal measurements in a subgroup of patients indicate that long-term measurement of hair tacrolimus levels is feasible. Measuring tacrolimus in hair is a potentially reliable method to monitor drug exposure in KT patients. Rapid wash-in effects and consistent concentrations over time indicate that tacrolimus is incorporated into the hair matrix, allowing temporal resolution in the analysis of recent exposure and exposure history. This method provides a simple and low-risk alternative to regular blood sampling, sparing patients from frequent hospital visits through the self-collection of hair samples.

Morphology Analysis of Hair Photoinduced and Chemical Damaged After Treatment with Sappan Wood (Caesalpinia sappan L.) Hair Tonic using SEM

Exposure to sunlight for a long time and repeatedly can also cause chemical and physical damage to human hair. Clinically, microscopic analysis using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) can assess hair damage by identifying the characteristic morphology of hair damage. This study aims to analyze the morphology of damaged hair chemically induced using 3% H2O2 and photoinduced UVB radiation before and after applying sappan wood (Caesalpinia sappan) hair tonic. The active ingredients used were ethanol extract, ethanol fraction, and chloroform-methanol fraction of C. sappan, which contains an antioxidant compound. Caesalpinia sappan simplicia was macerated using 96% ethanol and then partitioned using n-hexane. The ethanol fraction was then applied using vacuum column chromatography using chloroform : methanol (5 : 1) as eluent. The extracts and fractions were then formulated into hair tonic preparations. For SEM analysis, hair samples were coated with a sputter gold coater machine and divided into five treatments: undamaged hair, damaged hair with 3% H2O2 and UVB rays as a positive control, and treatment I, II, and III, in which the hair was damaged with 3% H2O2 and UVB rays respectively, then FI, FII, and FIII were applied, respectively (2000x magnification). Damaged hair with UVB induction shows moderate damage, and 3% H2O2 shows moderate to severe damage. The results in the treatment group show that the three hair tonics coated the hair cuticle, indicating an interaction with the hair fiber, and modified the cuticle by coating the cuticle.

Rice Derivatives in Hair Protecting

The research was carried out on a hair conditioner containing the following rice derivatives individually: rice germ oil, rice germ oil GX-N, and riceterol esters. To evaluate the protective efficacy of the three active ingredients chosen, the following techniques were used: FT-IR, SEM, stress–strain test, and polarized light microscopy analysis. The tests were carried out on natural Caucasian hair. The methodologies were found to be suitable for the evaluation and led to interesting results: the selected ingredients showed good properties in improving the hair. The conditioners containing the active ingredients restored the properties of the hair even when subjected to stress such as irradiation. In this case, the most effective was the rice germ oil GX-N.

Adverse Drug Reactions in HIV/AIDS Patients on Highly Active Antiretro Viral Therapy: A Review of Prevalence

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is associated with a variety of side effects, ranging from mild intolerance to lifethreatening side effects. Short-term adverse reactions include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, rash, hypersensitivity reactions, urticarial reactions, erythema multiforme, toxic epidermal necrolysis or Stevens-Johnson syndrome, infection liver toxicity, drowsiness and vivid dreams. Long-term side effects include lipodystrophy, lipoatrophy, dyslipidemia, diabetes, and skin, nail, and hair abnormalities. When starting ART, HIV-infected patients may frequently experience a variety of side effects such as rash, hair loss, hypersensitivity syndrome reactions, urticaria or erythema multiforme, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, known as manifested by a short-term course of side effects. A large number of patients have abnormal blood sugar and lipid profiles when using all groups of ARV drugs despite their relatively young age; Hyperlipidemia has been associated with HIV PI use and is more common and more severe than hyperlipidemia in HAART-naïve patients. Dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and lipodystrophy are cardiovascular risk factors in these patients. Hypertension is associated with established risk factors and is common in HIV-infected individuals. However, long-term use of HAART/ARV is necessary to control HIV infection. Keywords: prevalence, adverse drug reaction, HIV, AIDS, HAART

Spontaneous nonsense mutation in the tuftelin 1 gene is associated with abnormal hair appearance and amelioration of glucose and lipid metabolism in the rat.

Recently, we have identified a recessive mutation, an abnormal coat appearance in the BXH6 strain, a member of the HXB/BXH set of recombinant inbred (RI) strains. The RI strains were derived from the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) and Brown Norway rat (BN-Lx) progenitors. Whole genome sequencing of the mutant rats identified the 195875980 G/A mutation in the tuftelin 1 (Tuft1) gene on chromosome 2, which resulted in a premature stop codon. Compared with wild-type BXH6 rats, BXH6-Tuft1 mutant rats exhibited lower body weight due to reduced visceral fat and ectopic fat accumulation in the liver and heart. Reduced adiposity was associated with decreased serum glucose and insulin and increased insulin-stimulated glycogenesis in skeletal muscle. In addition, mutant rats had lower serum monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and leptin levels, indicative of reduced inflammation. Analysis of the liver proteome identified differentially expressed proteins from fatty acid metabolism and β-oxidation, peroxisomes, carbohydrate metabolism, inflammation, and proteasome pathways. These results provide evidence for the important role of the Tuft1 gene in the regulation of lipid and glucose metabolism and suggest underlying molecular mechanisms.NEW & NOTEWORTHY A new spontaneous mutation, abnormal hair appearance in the rat, has been identified as a nonfunctional tuftelin 1 (Tuft1) gene. The pleiotropic effects of this mutation regulate glucose and lipid metabolism. Analysis of the liver proteome revealed possible molecular mechanisms for the metabolic effects of the Tuft1 gene.

Rothmund-Thomson syndrome, a disorder far from solved.

Rothmund-Thomson syndrome (RTS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by a range of clinical symptoms, including poikiloderma, juvenile cataracts, short stature, sparse hair, eyebrows/eyelashes, nail dysplasia, and skeletal abnormalities. While classically associated with mutations in the RECQL4 gene, which encodes a DNA helicase involved in DNA replication and repair, three additional genes have been recently identified in RTS: ANAPC1, encoding a subunit of the APC/C complex; DNA2, which encodes a nuclease/helicase involved in DNA repair; and CRIPT, encoding a poorly characterized protein implicated in excitatory synapse formation and splicing. Here, we review the clinical spectrum of RTS patients, analyze the genetic basis of the disease, and discuss molecular functions of the affected genes, drawing some novel genotype-phenotype correlations and proposing avenues for future studies into this enigmatic disorder.

PSXIV-25 Investigating the Relationship Between Maternal Protectiveness and Temperament in Beef Cattle

Abstract Observations were made on 73 dams on two ranches in Colorado and one in Wyoming during the spring 2022 calving season to investigate the relationship between temperament and calf protection. The objective was to compare temperament scores to the distances of protective behavior performed by the dam as the observer moved closer to the pair. The protective actions of the cow were: Approach (alerted by raising her head to presence of the observer), Protective (moved between observer and calf), Vocalization (called to calf), and Closest (closest distance the observer reached before the pair moved away). Temperament scores included chute score, exit score, exit velocity, and blood lactate. One hundred percent of the dams alerted to the presence of the observer, twenty-five percent (n = 18) moved between the observer and the calf, and sixty-three percent (n = 46) vocalized to their calf. Thirty-five (47.9%) dams allowed the observer to touch the calf, categorized as Touch, while the other thirty-eight (52.1%) walked away from the observer before contact with the calf, categorized as No Touch. In a linear model using Touch/No Touch as the predictor and the continuous variables of Approach, Protect, Vocalize, Closest, exit velocity, and blood lactate; only closest (P < 0.001) and exit velocity (P = 0.011) had significant differences (P < 0.05) between the means. Dams that allowed the observer to touch the calf, on average, exited the chute with greater velocity (P = 0.01). Blood lactate and exit velocity were predictors in a mixed model with Ranch as a random factor with Touch/No Touch as the outcome; no significant difference was found (P > 0.05). The Kruskal-Wallis test was performed individually on Approach, Protection, Vocalization, and Closest with predictor values of Ranch, date of birth (DOB), and hair whorl. A significant difference (P = 0.04) appeared between the medians of Closest when grouped by hair whorl; dams with abnormal hair whorls moved away from the observer at a greater distance. When divided by Ranch, there were differences (P < 0.001) in the average chute score. This study suggests that dams with a faster exit velocity are approachable in the field. Exit velocity is not a good indicator of how close an observer can get to a calf in the field. Attraction to novelty could have a larger role than previously thought in temperament. No impactful relationships were observed between the temperament of a dam and her maternal protectiveness. Ranchers can continue selecting for docile temperament without fear of decreasing maternal protection.

Rare Association of Congenital Atrichia with Central Nervous System: A Report of Three Cases

ABSTRACT Congenital atrichia a rare form of alopecia in children, presents with complete absence or sparse hair over the scalp and body, while the teeth, nails, and sweat glands are normal. Uncommonly, this hair abnormality can be associated with any systemic or cutaneous abnormalities. We report three cases of congenital atrichia with parental nonconsanguinity and central nervous associations such as developmental delay,spastic quadriparesis, failure to thrive, myoclonic seizures, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The presence of papular lesions in two among the three children further supplemented our case report. Genetic analysis and counseling regarding the constancy of the condition will be the foremost important part of management.

Netherton Syndrome in a 1-year-old Filipino Female

Abstract Netherton syndrome (NS) is an autosomal recessive genodermatosis characterized by cutaneous and systemic complications (recurrent infections, dehydration, and sepsis). This highlights the urgency of making an accurate diagnosis, especially in infants and children. However, it is important to note that the recognition of NS is usually delayed due to its rarity and similarity to cutaneous disorders with atopiform, erythrodermic, and ichthyosiform presentations. We report a case of a 1-year-old female who was previously diagnosed with a case of infantile psoriasis and was subsequently treated with topical emollients. However, after months of surveillance, the patient developed feeding problems, failure to thrive, recurrent diarrhea, upper respiratory tract, and gastrointestinal infection, leading to repeated hospitalizations. The patient then underwent further clinical examinations and laboratory analysis, which revealed abnormal hair shaft findings, elevated immunoglobulin (Ig) E levels, and normal chromosomal analysis. Multispecialty referrals with other services were done to address the current problems and ensure holistic care for the patient. On her last admission, the patient was given three doses of intravenous Ig therapy with noted improvement in lesion presentation without any systemic symptoms.

Clinical and phototrichogrammatic evaluation of estradiol replacement therapy on hair growth in postmenopausal Japanese women with female pattern hair loss: a pilot study.

Female pattern hair loss (FPHL) is known to present with characteristic pathological conditions, including reduced overall hair density. Female hormones affect hair condition; however, the detailed mechanism is unknown. Furthermore, research on the topic is complicated by the fact that senescent alopecia often occurs concurrently with FPHL. Therefore, we investigated the effect of estradiol, a female hormone, on hair growth by eliminating aging factors and objectively evaluating hair changes caused by female hormone replacement therapy (HRT). This study was conducted to elucidate the mechanism through which female hormones exert their effects on hair. The study included 11 female patients undergoing HRT who were evaluated before initiating HRT, 3 months after initiating HRT, and 6 months after initiating HRT. The thinning hair score, hair density, telogen hair rate, telogen plucking strength, hair growth rate, and hair thickness were measured and evaluated. Furthermore, hematological tests were performed to assess the general physical condition of the participants. HRT increased the telogen hair rate (P = .010, paired t test) at 3 months, improved frontal hairline thinning score (P = .008, Wilcoxon test), and increased the plucking strength (P = .013, paired t test) at 6 months. The limitation of this study included the relatively small sample size, inability to conduct further long-term tests because of participant burden, and lack of a control group. The results suggested that HRT improved the appearance of the frontal hairline. As few studies have analyzed the effects of female hormones on human hair, a novel finding of this study was the effects of estradiol on the plucking strength after excluding age as a factor. We believe that these findings will contribute to understanding FPHL and developing female hormone-related treatments.

Exposure estimates of parabens from personal care products compared with biomonitoring data in human hair from Northeast China

Parabens (PBs), a class of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), are extensively used as additives in personal care products (PCPs); however, distinguishing between endogenous and exogenous contamination from PCPs in hair remains a challenge. We conducted a comprehensive analysis of the levels, distribution patterns, impact factors, and sources of PBs in 119 human hair samples collected from Changchun, northeast China. The detection rates of methylparaben (MeP), propylparaben (PrP), and ethylparaben (EtP) in hair samples were found to be 100%. The concentration of PBs in hair followed the order of MeP (57.48 ng/g) > PrP (46.40 ng/g) > EtP (6.80 ng/g). The concentration of PrP in female hair was significantly higher (65.38 ng/g) than that observed in male hair (7.82 ng/g) (p < 0.05). The levels of excretion rates of MeP (ERMeP) and excretion rates of PrP (ERPrP) in the hair-dying samples (ERMeP: 17.89 ng/day; ERPrP: 14.15 ng/day) were found to be 2.52 and 2.40 times higher, respectively, compared to the non-hair-dying samples (ERMeP: 7.09 ng/day; ERPrP: 6.05 ng/day). However, the system exposure dosage (SED) results revealed that although hair dyes exhibited higher PBs, human exposure was found to be lower than certain PCPs. The results of the correlation analysis revealed that toner, face cream, body lotion, and hair conditioner were identified as the primary sources of PBs in male hair. Furthermore, the human exposure resulting from the utilization of female hair dye and serum exhibited a positive correlation with hair ERMeP and ERPrP levels, indicating in the screening of samples, excluding hair samples using hair dye and haircare essential oil can effectively avoid the interference caused by exogenous contamination from PCPs.

Hair Disease Classification Using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) Algorithm with VGG-16 Architecture

Hair diseases are common and can be caused by a variety of factors, including genetics, stress, nutritional deficiencies, as well as exposure to sunlight and air pollution. Accurate diagnosis of hair diseases is important for proper treatment, but can be challenging due to overlapping symptoms. The development of the healthcare world has widely utilized machine learning and deep learning approaches to assist in the healthcare field. This research aims to develop hair disease classification using Convolutional neural network (CNN). The CNN-based approach is expected to help health professionals diagnose hair diseases accurately and provide targeted treatment. This research involves an experimental design with three main stages: identifying the research problem, conducting a literature review, and collecting data. The research uses a dataset of hair disease images obtained from Kaggle, which are annotated and organized based on different hair disease types. After the image data is collected, the image dataset will go through the image preprocessing stage. Experiments were conducted using hair disease image data with 15 epochs on a CNN Deep Learning model with VGG-16 architecture, and resulted in an accuracy of 94.5% and a loss rate of 18.47%, with a testing epoch time of 9 hours 48 minutes. The results of this study show that CNN with VGG-16 architecture can successfully classify 10 types of hair diseases

Application and Future Perspectives of Keratin Protein Extracted from Waste Chicken Feather: A Review

In the present review, we have focused on the utilization of keratin from poultry bio-mass. Keratin is a tough, fibrous protein that is mostly found. There are millions of tonnes of keratin-containing biomass produced by the food sector, particularly the meat market, slaughterhouses and wool industry. These proteins which make up the byproduct of keratin contain between 15-18% of Nitrogen, 2-5% of sulphur, 1.20% of Fat and 90% of Protein. It is an eco-friendly and economical method for the production of uniaxially and randomly oriented polymeric products. The chemical and mechanical techniques can be utilized right away to make a wide range of cosmetics, lotions, shampoos, hair conditioners and biomedical items. The natural protein is better suited for usage on or application to human hair and skin. In the present study, various sources of keratin, purification and separation of keratin from organic waste have industrial application and their future perspectives have all been discussed.