Hair Dryer Research Articles

Global risk assessment for development processes: from framework to simulation

The dynamic and complex nature of development processes calls for improvements in risk management methods. To deal with the risks, the authors advocate for a paradigm shift. The focus is moving from individual risk to risk interactions. Standards suggest integrating methods to address the limitations imposed by existing approaches. As a result, new strategies are needed to express and assess risk connections. The paper proposes a global framework and its simulator for: (a) representing individual risk events and including them in a product development, (b) expressing risk interactions, (c) integrating risks hierarchically and (d) evaluating risks. The solution is based on distinction between individual risk events and global process and its risk behaviour. Risk behaviour is characterised on task level. Process behaviour enables the integration of task risk into the development process. Risk management is viewed as a part of the development process, with final risk assessed bottom-up from individual risk to process risk. Consequently, the main contribution is not only in taking risk interactions into account but also in contextualising risk assessment in relation to development processes. Simulation is conducted for hair dryer design. However, the solution is global and can be used for other manufacturing and development processes.

Deep Burn Injury of the Neck Caused by a Hair Dryer: A Case Report

Deep Burn Injury of the Neck Caused by a Hair Dryer: A Case Report

"Endoscopy Salon" for Controlling Respiratory Droplet Spreading During Endoscopic Procedure.

Introduction Preventing droplet dispersal is an important issue for decreasing the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) transmission rate; numerous personal protective equipment (PPE) devices have been recently developed for this. Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of a novel PPE device to prevent droplet spread during nasal endoscopic and fiber optic laryngoscopic examination and postuse equipment cleaning technique. Methods The “endoscopy salon” was created with a hooded salon hair dryer, plastic sheath, and silicone nipple. Comparison fluorescence dye dispersal from simulating forceful coughing with and without using the “endoscopy salon” was conducted to assess the droplet spread control. The effects of heat produced in the “endoscopy salon” and disinfection cleaning were also evaluated. Results Fluorescent dye droplet spread from a mannequin's mouth without using the “endoscopy salon” to care providers' clothes and the floor surrounding mannequin, whereas no dye droplets spread out when using the “endoscopy salon”. The maximal temperature observed in the hair dryer was 56.3°C. During the cleaning process, when a plastic bag was attached to the hair dryer's hood to create a closed system, the temperature increased to 79.8 ± 3.1 °C. These temperatures eliminated four test organism cultures during equipment disinfection. Conclusion This novel “endoscopy salon” device prevented respiratory droplet spread and eliminated infectious organisms during postuse equipment cleaning.

Phenetics of the rock pigeon (<i>Columba livia</i>) plumage coloration in Orenburg

Birds differ from larger representatives, for example: mammals from the point of studying the class of birds. The following things are considered: data on hair dryers of coloring, patterns of feather cover, structure and coloring of the beak, flapping of the legs. Representatives of the class of birds, in particular synanthropic blue pigeons, have signs: features of trophic behavior and polymorphism. The paper describes distribution and main morphs of blue pigeons on the territory of Orenburg. The blue pigeon (Columba livia) is one of the most widespread ancient representatives, which is prone to migrations and has an extensive habitat around the world, and in urban conditions is one of the most frequently observed objects. Pigeons on the territory of Orenburg are represented by different morphs: white, black, black-stamped, brown and blue. On the territory of the Central District, during two periods, 1650 individuals of birds (1040 in spring, 610 in autumn) of different color morphs were identified, with a large predominance of black-stamped and brown. During the spring period the maximum number of birds and morphemes was high and during the autumn period the population decreased in number, as well as the ratio of the number of color morphemes. The observations were carried out in the Central District of Orenburg on three streets: March 8th, Tereshkova, Pobedy Avenue. 35 morphemes were identified in the Central District: 21 in spring and 14 in autumn. Spring morphemes in groupings, as well as their increase, were explained by combinative variability (that is due to increased reproduction in the spring period) and manifestation of recessive traits in the phenotypes of plumage coloring. Autumn morphemes were few in number; as a result, the loss is explained by a weak stability of certain color morphemes to environmental factors.

Evaluation of Changes and Characteristics of Hair According to the Application of the Hair Dryer Plasma Functional Module

Hairdryers are commonly known to cause hair damage such as “roughness”, “dryness”, and “hair color loss”. while using it. So, numerous studies have tried to find ways to dry hair with no damage or minimized level. In this study, we examined hair damage levels by varying drying applications during the process and analyzed hair changes either in essential characteristics such as “oil and moisture balance” or “microstructure”. As a result, hair was severely damaged when treated with a general hot air dryer for 90 minutes, causing cuticle crack or layer separation. In contrast, the plasma hairdryer caused just a little or even no damage to hair for the same exposure time. It may be because ions and moisture molecules generated when using a plasma hairdryer can protect hair structure from the harsh hot air condition.

A STUDY ON ANTHROPOMETRY, RANGE OF MOTION, AND MUSCLE STRENGTH MEASUREMENTS OF KOREANS WITH PARAPLEGIA

The purpose of the study was to measure anthropometry, range of motion, and muscle strength of Koreans with paraplegia, using wheelchairs. The total number of people with disabilities in Korea was 2,618,918, of which 1,223,135 (46.7%) people were with physical disabilities in 2019. For the research, people with paraplegia living in Chungcheongnam-do, Korea were recommended through the disability-related organizations. Totally 77 Koreans with paraplegia participated, out of which 57 participants were men and 20 participants were women in the age group of 30–69 years. There were 82 measurement items categorized into 39 static measurement items, 31 range of motion items, and 12 muscle strength of hand/finger items. The results were presented and analyzed with values in the 5, 25, 50, 75, and 95 percentiles by each item and gender. In the category of basic anthropometric measurements, the horizontal size items of the participants with paraplegia were reported to be larger than those of people without disabilities due to the development of the upper body resulting from wheelchair propulsion movements with some exceptions related to their overall body physiques. In sitting posture, there would be various factors affecting the anterior and lateral maximum/minimum reach measurements such as differences in neurological symptoms according to the spinal cord injury level and daily movement level. The data showed a meaningful difference between men and women in height and flexibility in sitting posture. An independent sample [Formula: see text]-test was also performed between male and female groups. There were differences in the anthropometric values, range of motion, pinch force, and grip force between men and women with paraplegia. The measurement results of anthropometry of hand/foot and muscle strength of hands and fingers of Koreans with paraplegia would be used for designing products for their hands and feet such as hair dryers and tumblers. The results of range of motion measurements would be used as important data for the design and development of wheelchairs for people with spinal cord injury. The measurement results of Koreans with paraplegia would be used as basic data for designing and developing assistive technology and universal products for wheelchair users who work and perform daily activities. The anthropometric measurements of individuals with other subclassifications of disabilities will be necessary in the future study for more detailed implication and application in this field.

PHOSPHOCREATINE IMPROVES MUSCLE MICROCIRCULATION DURING EXERCISE

ABSTRACT Introduction: Phosphate (CP) its biosynthesis begins with the kidney. Glycocianine was synthesized from glycocianine, then methylated in the liver, and finally formed in each tissue. Objective: To study the effects of phosphatic acid in exercise training. Methods: This paper uses 50 pure male mice, 2 month old, weight at 22 ± 3 g, and mice per day, 5 minutes each time. After exercise training, dry dry with a towel and blow it with a hair dryer, and move it to the end of each other. Results: The average time of motion B mouse to give phosphate creatine is significantly longer than the average time of the non-administration of the A group, and the motion time is prolonged to extend 23.20%. Phosphate has improved motor endurance and promotes improvement in muscle microcirculation during exercise. Conclusions: Motion can be used to improve the maximum aerobic capacity of exercise in motion. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.

Maximum—A Posteriori Estimation of Linear Time-Invariant State-Space Models via Efficient Monte-Carlo Sampling

Abstract This article addresses maximum-a-posteriori (MAP) estimation of linear time-invariant state-space (LTI-SS) models. The joint posterior distribution of the model matrices and the unknown state sequence is approximated by using Rao-Blackwellized Monte-Carlo sampling algorithms. Specifically, the conditional distribution of the state sequence given the model parameters is derived analytically, while only the marginal posterior distribution of the model matrices is approximated using a Metropolis-Hastings Markov Chain Monte-Carlo sampler. From the joint distribution, MAP estimates of the unknown model matrices as well as the state sequence are computed. The performance of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated on a numerical example and on a real laboratory benchmark dataset of a hair dryer process.

Indoor air quality in a domestic environment: Combined contribution of indoor and outdoor PM sources

The impact of outdoor and indoor sources on the chemical composition of particulate matter (PM) collected in a domestic environment was explored. PM2.5 samples were simultaneously collected inside (living room and bedroom) and outside a detached house located in a peri-urban area. The daily concentrations of macro-components and of micro- and trace-elements (soluble and insoluble fractions) were determined over a period of eighteen days and used to obtain detailed information about the variability of PM sources in the outdoor and indoor environments. The most important outdoor contributions to PM mass concentrations were organic and secondary inorganic species, particularly during an atmospheric stability period. A nearby congested road was responsible for the resuspension of soil related species (Si, Ca, Fe). Indoors, PM mass concentration was significantly influenced by the presence of inhabitants and their routine activities. Cigarette smoking was selectively traced by the indoor concentration profile of soluble Cd. Particularly high Cu concentrations in the bedroom were associated with the use of electric appliances equipped with brush motors (vacuum cleaner, hair dryer, electric heater). Exhaust (EC) and non-exhaust (residual Sb, Cu, Mn, Mo and Sn) traffic tracers and biomass burning related species (K and soluble Rb, Cs, Tl) were able to penetrate indoors even when the ventilation of the house was poor. An accurate estimation of the health implications due to the exposure to PM2.5 in indoor, domestic environments must consider indoor and outdoor PM source contributions in detail.

IOT BASED HOUSEHOLD ELECTRICITY ENERGY MONITORING AND CONTROL

Internet of Things (loT) has opened up a myriad of applications in many areas, including medical and healthcare networks, smart home control, and environmental surveillance. IoT is supposed to bring about a large amount of progress in the ubiquitous computing sector. IoT-based energy management programs may allow a significant contribution to energy conservation. Therefore, this paper focuses on the design and implementation of an IoT based household electricity energy monitoring and electric bulb remote control for the reduction of electrical wastage using ESP 32-bit microcontroller. The ESP 32 microcontroller was used as the brain of the entire system which processes the energy consumption, temperature reading. Temperature monitoring can assist tremendously in the explosion and burning incidence avoidance, thereby saving lives and properties. The ESP32 microcontroller also handles the internet connectivity via its inbuilt WIFI module in order to transmit the real-time energy consumption, temperature reading, and electric bulb remote control over the internet. A MATLAB app was designed to serve as user interface for monitoring the household electricity energy consumption, temperature reading and electric bulb remote control via Thingspeak cloud server from MathWorks (makers of MATLAB) and also monitors the temperature and electricity consumed by the pressing iron and the hair dryer. Whenever, the electricity consumption or temperature reading exceeds the set threshold on the MATLAB app, a notification is sent to the user’s Email. The system could be used for reducing the wastage of electrical energy in the house by proper scheduling and monitoring of the appliances

Degree of bacterial contamination in barbershops using hair dryers in Riyadh.

Barbershops provide areas for the growth and transfer of bacterial pathogens and thereby have an impact on public health. Barbershops are ideal places for the interactive spread of infections, including community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA). Here, the work determines the degree of bacterial contamination of hair dryers used in barbershops. The samples were collected in the city of Riyadh, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia on March 2019. Significant bacterial contamination was seen, with total bacterial count increasing when the hair dryers were run for 20 instead of 10 s. The study shows a high level of bacterial contamination barbershops using hair dryers, with MRSA being isolated in some. The results suggest that high quality filters should be used inside hair dryers and filters, and theses should be cleaned frequently.

Трехкомпонентный датчик силы на базе упругого силиконового элемента и магнитометра

The presence of force-moment sensing of robotic systems makes it possible to improve the quality of the interaction between the robot and the objects of the external environment. There are many ways to provide force-moment sensing, one of which is to use multicomponent force sensors. However, their cost is quite high, so it is important to search and develop more profitable technical solutions. In this regard, a three-component force measurement sensor was developed, built on the basis of an elastic silicone element, with a built-in permanent magnet, and a hall-effect magnetometer. This technical solution is low-cost. The paper describes the technological process for the production of a three-component force measurement sensor, based on 3D printing of the body with an FDM printer, which makes it cheap to manufacture, and molding of two-component silicone. The paper considers the process of soldering SMD components to boards using a soldering hair dryer, stencils and solder paste, and shows a stand for calibrating the manufactured sensors, consisting of micrometric screws and parts printed on an FDM 3D printer. The mathematical method for calibration is based on the least squares method. The result of calibration of a three-component force measurement sensor is given. The research results in the development of a working sensor with the following characteristics: resolution — 1 mN, sensor sensitivity — 0.005 T / N.

A Fast Drying Machine Based On Semiconductor Heat Pump

The new latent heat recovery type semiconductor heat pump ground fast dryer is a kind of integrated semiconductor refrigeration module on the traditional dryer. We simulated the process of the wind being heated by the hot end of the semiconductor refrigeration module under different working conditions through ANSYS software, so as to obtain the best solution for the semiconductor refrigeration module. Using the principles of drying and air condensation, we calculated the influence of the drying rate, drying time, and the condensation effect of the cold end when the air at different hot end inlet wind speeds, ambient temperature and moisture content blows the same amount of moisture on the ground. Through energy-saving analysis, our design saves about 60% energy compared with traditional electric heating style hair dryers. In the case of the same input power, the outlet air temperature of the semiconductor heat pump ground rapid dryer is significantly higher than that of the electric heating hair dryer. Therefore, when the ground is dry with the same amount of moisture, the use of the new semiconductor heat pump ground rapid dryer can significantly shorten drying time, the best drying time shortening rate is as high as 70%.

A New Way to Evaluate Products with Reviews: A Case Study of A Hair Dryer on Amazon Platform

The era of big data is coming. How to make effective use of users’ feedback information data is the key to success in various online industries. In order to help target enterprise enter the market, we build a comprehensive rating evaluation model that can evaluate the sales status, future development and contain comprehensive indicators. We firstly study the one-dimensional index. We adopt the method of correlation analysis to find the ripple effect of star rating. Then we use SPSS to draw scatter plots to analysis correlation between specific quality description and star rating level. We found through the research that “star rating”, “comment validity”, “positive and negative indicator in comments” and “member effect” are all informative for target enterprise to track, and will determine the market development of the product to a certain extent. We take advantage of the machine learning to turn the information in the text into quantifiable metrics and get polarity and subjectivity. Use NLTK for sentiment analysis of each comment to get negative, positive, neutral and compound value. Then use AHP to assign weight to the indicators wisely. With the comprehensive rating evaluation model that we build, we calculate the comprehensive rating value of all products in this industry and take the median as the benchmark value, then the products with the comprehensive rating value higher than the benchmark value can be regarded as successful products. We provide an accurate assessment. In order to effectively evaluate and predict the future sales trend of new products after their launch and effectively measure the increase and decrease of product market reputation, we establish a time-based measurement and prediction model based on Grey model theory. We can use the model to make comprehensive evaluation and effective prediction of the target company’s products. After inspection, our model can be effectively applied to different sales fields, which has great practical significance.

Viability of Various Sources to Ignite A2L Refrigerants

Environmental considerations are motivating the adoption of low global warming potential refrigerants. Most of these are mildly flammable, i.e., A2L. Their susceptibility to ignition from various ignition sources is poorly understood, particularly for the stoichiometric and quiescent mixtures that are emphasized here. The viability of fifteen residential ignition sources to ignite four A2L refrigerants is considered. Tests are performed in a windowed chamber with a volume of 26 L. The refrigerants are R-32 (difluoromethane); R-452B (67% R-32, 26% R-1234yf, and 7% pentafluoroethane); R-1234yf (2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene); and R-1234ze (1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene). Two types of ignition sources are confirmed here to be viable: a resistively heated wire at 740 °C and open flames. When the refrigerant concentration was increased slowly, candle flames and butane flames extinguished before initiating any large deflagrations. Eleven other sources were not viable: a smoldering cigarette, a butane lighter, friction sparks, a plug and receptacle, a light switch, a hand mixer, a cordless drill, a bread toaster, a hair dryer, a hot plate, and a space heater. The difficulty to ignite these refrigerants in air is attributed to their long quenching distances (up to 25 mm). Under some conditions the refrigerants were observed to act as flame suppressants.

Pharmaco-toxicological properties of the drug “Ciflur” as a preventive agent for nodular dermatitis

The article presents data study of acute toxicity of the drug “Ciflur”. Nodular dermatitis causes significant economic losses due to a temporary decrease in milk productivity, temporary or permanent sterility of breeding bulls, skin lesions, and death of sick animals due to secondary infections. Specific treatments have not been developed. Preventive disinsection of livestock premises is effective for prevention. For this purpose, a new drug “Сiflur” was developed. 1 ml of the drug contains the active substance: cyfluthrin – 10.0 mg. Toxicity studies of the drug and evaluation of the results were performed in accordance with standard methods. The study of acute toxicity of the drug “Сiflur” when applied to the skin was performed on 18 white rats weighing 170–190 g. The animals were divided into 3 groups of 6 heads. Rats were kept in the vivarium in accordance with sanitary rules and on a standard diet adopted in the vivarium with the use of compound feed. The first group of rats on the skin was applied the drug “Сiflur” at a dose of 1250 mg/kg, the second – 2500 mg/kg body weight. The third group of rats was a control – these animals on the skin was applied Solveso 200 solvent in the amount of 2500 mg/kg body weight. Acute toxicity of the drug was studied when applying the drug to a pre-cut area of skin on the back, which was at least 10 % of the total surface area of the animal. In order to prevent excessive spreading on the skin, the drug was applied slowly, drying with warm air with a hair dryer. For 14 days after cutaneous application of the drug was recorded daily its effect on the survival of rats, the appearance of rats and manifestations of physiological disorders of animals. Rats were weighed before application, as well as 3, 7 and 14 days after the start of the study. After 14 days, an autopsy was performed and the condition of the internal organs was examined for possible impressions, and the internal organs were weighed and their relative weight coefficients were calculated. Therefore, a single skin application of “Ciflur” at doses of 1250 and 2500 mg/kg body weight did not result in the death of experimental rats. The acute LD50 of the drug “Сiflur”when applied to the skin exceeds 2500 mg/kg body weight, which allows it to be classified as hazard class 4 according to the International Standard GOST 12.1.007-76, or category 5 according to the International Global Classification of Harmonized System (GHS). Only the application of “Ciflur” at the highest dose (2500 mg/kg body weight) caused a slight short-term reddening of the skin in some experimental rats, which disappeared without intervention for 4–8 hours.

Effects of different drying methods on smears of canine blood and effusion fluid.

BackgroundGlass slide preparations from a variety of specimens (blood, masses, effusions) are commonly made as part of the diagnostic work-up, however the effects of various drying methods in veterinary practice and diagnostic laboratory settings is not clear.ObjectiveCompare the effects of four drying methods on results of microscopic examination of canine blood smears and direct smears of pleural or peritoneal effusion fluid.MethodsTwelve canine blood samples (6 from healthy dogs, 6 from sick dogs) and 6 canine peritoneal or pleural effusion samples. Four smears were prepared from each of the 18 samples and dried using the following methods: air-dry, hair dryer with or without heat, and heat block at 58 °C. Observers, blinded to the drying method, independently reviewed the slides microscopically, using a scoring system to evaluate cell morphology and (for blood smears) echinocyte numbers; scoring results were analyzed statistically.ResultsFor blood smears, several comparisons showed more adverse effects on morphology using the heat block method than for one or more other drying methods. For effusion fluid smears, RBCs dried with the heat block or air-dry methods had more poorly preserved morphology than RBCs dried by the hair dryer method without heat.Conclusions and clinical relevanceThe results (1) indicate that different drying methods had a significant effect, (2) support using a hair dryer without heat for both blood smears and effusion fluid smears, and (3) discourage using a 58 °C heat block.

Development of the product noise rating (PNR)

A simplified Product Noise Rating (PNR) method is under development to provide noise level information on consumer products to the general public. Presenting PNR information in a simple and comprehensible manner would allow the general public to factor noise levels into their decisions and make more informed purchases. PNR includes a product noise rating scale with range-of-level indicators and a visual icon for presenting the PNR value. Previous work has determined PNR values for hair dryers and tower fans. This presentation will describe development efforts to date. Feedback is requested to help in the furthering of this method.

전자파의 건강 위험성에 대한 인식 및 이해소통

In this study, we investigated the change in risk perception of the electromagnetic field (EMF) in the general population, and presented the public psychological properties of EMF exposure from various sources through a two-dimensional risk cognitive map. The risk perception of EMF increased or decreased according to environmental factors. In the risk cognitive map, radars and 5G base stations were distributed in areas of high dread and uncontrollability. On the other hand, household appliances, including hair dryers and microwave ovens, were distributed in areas where dread was high but could be controlled. Therefore, for household appliances that can be controlled, perceived risk should be lowered by resolving public questions. For involuntary exposures that cannot be controlled individually, a risk communication strategy that includes sufficient explanation and understanding through participation programs is required.

Potential Trend for Online Shopping Data Based on the Linear Regression and Sentiment Analysis

How to reduce the cost of competition in the industry, identify effective customers, and understand the emotional needs and consumer preferences of customers, so as to carry out fast and accurate commercial marketing, is an important research topic. In this paper, we discussed the method for the analysis of three product data which represent the customer-supplied ratings and reviews for microwave ovens, baby pacifiers, and hair dryers sold in the Amazon marketplace over the time period. The sentiment analysis, linear regression analysis, and descriptive statistics were implemented to analyze the three datasets. Based on the sentiment analysis given by the naive Bayesian classification algorithm, we found that the star rating is positively correlated with the reviews, while the helpfulness ratings have no specific relationship with the star rating and reviews. We use multiple regression analysis and clustering algorithm analysis to get the relationship between the 4 indexes such as time, star rating, reviews, and helpfulness rating. We find that there is a positive correlation between the 4 indexes, and the reputation of the product online market is improving as time grows. Based on the analysis of the positive reviews and star ratings, we suggested indicating a potentially successful or failing product by the positive reviews. We also discussed the relations between the star ratings and number of reviews. Finally, we selected the words from the Amazon sentiment dictionary as candidate words. By counting the candidate words’ appearance in the review, the keywords that can reflect the star rating were found.