Hair Changes Research Articles

Hair follicle dystrophy in a litter of domestic cats resembling lanceolate hair mutant mice.

A new congenital hair-shaft abnormality resembling the lanceolate hair phenotype of rodents is described in a litter of four domestic short hair (DSH) cats. Data relating to hair shaft and follicle disorders remain scarce in veterinary medicine. To describe and compare structural abnormalities in these cats with other hair dystrophies in cats and other mammals. A DSH cat litter with progressive noninflammatory alopecia. Histopathological evaluation, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray based element analysis defined the hair and skin changes in cats born with alopecia. Findings were compared to archival data from normal cats and lanceolate hair (Dsg4lahJ ) and Keratin 75 (Krt75tm1Der ) mutant mice. Light and scanning electron microscopy of the hairs revealed lance- or spear-head shaped defects of the hair tip. Histological findings were swollen hair shafts, initially above the hair bulb matrix and later found in the distal parts of the telogen hair follicles, similar to those observed in Dsg4lahJ Krt75tm1Der mutant mice. Transmission electron microscopy of the hair shaft and hair follicles showed a loss in the normal structure of the guard hairs in the alopecic cats. There was a statistically significant decrease in sulfur content just below the defects in the hair shafts (trichothiodystrophy). A rare form of congenital alopecia resulting in follicular dystrophy is described in cats which is similar to hair follicle and hair-shaft changes reported in several mutant mouse strains with single gene mutations in adhesion molecules or keratin genes.

Effects of Hair Dyeing and Change of Hair Texture by Indigo Dye

Effects of Hair Dyeing and Change of Hair Texture by Indigo Dye

Cutaneous side effects during therapy with Erlotinib: Case report

Erlotinib is an antineoplastic drug used in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer and pancreatic cancer. It is a potent, selective inhibitor of tyrosine kinase, a receptor for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Cutaneous side effects such as acneiform eruption, xerosis, telangiectasia, hair and nail changes are common. A case of a 70-year-old patient who developed unusual cutaneous side effects after 6 years of treatment with erlotinib was presented.

A cross sectional study of nutritional dermatoses among malnourished children in a tertiary care centre

Background: Nutritional deficiencies are most prevalent in underdeveloped and developing countries of the world. An impaired nutritional status alters the structural integrity and biological function of the skin, resulting in an abnormal skin barrier. The objective was to study the various cutaneous spectrums of nutritional deficiency (ND) in children. Methods: A total of 100 malnourished children were included over a period of 6 months. Preliminary data of children regarding age, start of complementary feeding, maternal education, and parity were recorded. All children were examined thoroughly for the presence of cutaneous, mucosal, hair, and nail changes. Results: Majority were in the age group of 6–24 months, followed by 25–36 months. M:F ratio was 1:1.1. Majority of mothers were illiterate (43%). Only 8% babies were bottle-fed and complementary feeding was started in 56% of children between the months of 6 and 12. Seventy percent children were born to multiparous mothers. Approximately 50% children were of low-birth weight. Ninety-four percent of families resided in the rural areas. The cutaneous features seen include xerodermia (58%), lusterless hair (53%), pigmentary changes (36%), loss of subcutaneous fat (31%), flag sign (29%), angular cheilities (20%), etc. Other features seen were monkey-like facies (4%), long eyelashes (16%), ichthyotic and lichenoid skin changes (16%), and flaky paint dermatosis (2%). Conclusions: The most common cutaneous feature seen was xerodermia and least frequent one was flaky paint dermatosis. Many cases of ND are diagnosed only after evident skin changes. There is significant morbidity and sometimes mortality associated with certain nutritional deficiencies. Their prompt recognition, diagnosis, and treatment by clinicians are of great importance.

Cutaneous reactions to pediatric cancer treatment part II: Targeted therapy.

Cancer remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among children. Targeted therapies may improve survivorship; however, unique side-effect profiles have also emerged with these novel therapies. Changes in hair, skin, and nails-termed dermatologic adverse events (AEs)-are among the most common sequelae and may result in interruption or discontinuation of therapy. Though dermatologic AEs have been detailed in adults, these findings are not well described in the pediatric population. We reviewed the literature to characterize dermatologic AEs to anticancer targeted therapies available as of July 2020 and summarized the spectrum of clinical findings as well as treatment recommendations for children. Dermatologic AEs are among the most common AEs reported in pediatric patients receiving targeted therapy, but morphologic and histologic descriptions are often lacking in current publications. Pediatric dermatologists are uniquely poised to recognize specific morphology of dermatologic AEs and make recommendations for prevention and treatment that may improve quality of life and enable ongoing cancer therapy.

Time gap between the onset and diagnosis in Werner syndrome: a nationwide survey and the 2020 registry in Japan.

Patients with Werner syndrome present with diverse signs of aging that begin in adolescence. A Japanese nationwide survey was conducted to establish a registry that could clarify the disease profile of patients with Werner syndrome. The questionnaires were sent to 7888 doctors. The survey identified 116 patients diagnosed with Werner syndrome based on the diagnosis criteria. Forty patients were enrolled in the registry. Data on clinical symptoms, treatment information, and laboratory examination from patients who provided informed consent were collected. The data at enrollment were analyzed. The patients’ average age at enrollment was 50.1±7.5 years. The mean onset age was 26.1±9.5 years, but the mean age at diagnosis was 42.5±8.6 years. Average height and weight of the study patients were lower than those of Japanese individuals. Almost all patients experienced hair change and cataracts. More than 60% of patients presented with glycolipid abnormalities. Overall, 15% of patients had a history of foot amputation. Approximately 30% of the patients’ parents had a consanguineous marriage. The average grip strength, walking speed, and skeletal muscle mass index met the diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia. The registry revealed that there are opportunities for early diagnosis and intervention; therefore, sensitization about the disease is needed.

Screening for fecal occult blood loss in severely malnourished children

Introduction: PEM is the most important and basic hurdle in the triple-M complex of malnutrition,morbidity, and mortality. Very high mortality has been reported in severe PEM. PEM is found toaccount for about 4 million deaths in children. The study aimed to perform a fecal occult blood testin patients in the age group of six months to five years and also to identify the conditions associatedwith fecal occult blood loss in pem patients. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 indoor patientsof PEM admitted in our pediatric ward were taken as subjects in this study. According to WHO andIAP classification of PEM, severe malnutrition (marasmus, kwashiorkor, and marasmic kwashiorkor)were taken as study group; and mild grades of PEM (grade I and grade II) were taken as a controlgroup. Results: In severe PEM, marasmus (83%) was more common followed by kwashiorkor(14%) and marasmic kwashiorkor (3%); however in mild grades of PEM, grade I PEM was found in58% and grade II PEM was found in 42%. In severe PEM, pallor (64%), hair changes (38%), andtachypnoea(31%) were major clinical signs; while tachypnoea(36%), dehydration (26%), and pallor(20%} were major clinical signs in patients with mild grades of PEM. Conclusion: A positive fecaloccult blood test (FOBT) is strongly associated with moderate to severe anemia in severe PEMpatients. So all patients having a positive FOBT should have a hemogram profile done and thenappropriately treated for anemia.

A clinical study of hair manifestations in cancer patients on chemotherapy

Introduction: There has been an increase in cancer related morbidities; a significant part of it being related to therapies. Chemotherapy targets rapidly growing cells like skin, hair follicles and nail matrix. Hence a significant number of adverse effects are related to the skin and its appendages. Several factors may contribute to the severity of hair loss including the drug, dosage, schedule as well as hair care practices. Aim: To determine the frequency and significance of hair manifestations in patients on cancer chemotherapy. Materials and Methods: A total of 50 patients attending the oncology outpatient department or those admitted in the oncology ward Yenepoya Medical College Hospital, Mangalore between June 2017 and August 2017 were studied. All hair diseases, frequency and type of hair loss among patients were documented. Findings were tabulated and correlated with the cancer and the chemotherapy. Results: Hair changes were mainly in the form of diffuse alopecia in 68%, anagen effluvium was seen in 52% patients. Conclusion: Though the adverse effects on hair are not serious, it can cause considerable anxiety to the patient. Hence prior counselling regarding the same needs to be advocated to improve the quality of life of the patient. Keywords: Chemotherapy, Anagen Effluvium, Quality of life.

Nausea and Diarrhea with Fingernail and Hair Changes

Question: A 58-year-old woman presented with 5 months of nausea with vomiting and diarrhea. Her symptoms were severe and she had noted a 25-pound weight loss over this time period. She had hypoalbuminemia noted on laboratory assessment. She had already seen a gastroenterologist and received upper endoscopy with reported inflammation in the antrum and duodenal bulb with pathology showing active gastritis with eosinophilic infiltrate as well as a colonoscopy showing only adenomatous polyps with unremarkable random colon biopsies.

Expectations and perception of cancer treatment goals in previously untreated patients. The EXPECT trial

PurposeMisconceptions regarding activity and toxicity of therapeutic interventions are common among cancer patients. There is little knowledge about the factors that contribute to a more realistic perception by patients.MethodsThis pilot study was designed as a prospective questionnaire survey and included 101 therapy-naïve patients treated at the Division of Oncology, Medical University of Vienna. After obtaining written informed consent, patients’ expectations about treatment aims, side effects and the satisfaction with their oncologic consultation were interrogated before the first treatment cycle by questionnaires.ResultsOf 101 patients, 53 (53%) were female and 67/101 (66%) were treated with curative attempt in an adjuvant or neo-adjuvant setting. The most common diagnoses were lung cancer (31%) and breast cancer (30%). Although 92% of patients were satisfied with the information given by their oncologist, palliative patients were more likely to declare that not everything was explained in an intelligible manner (p = 0.01). Patients with a first language other than German stated more often that their physician did not listen carefully enough (p = 0.02). Of 30 patients, 26 (87%) receiving chemotherapy with palliative intent believed that their disease was curable. Concerning adverse events, female patients anticipated more frequently hair loss (p = 0.003) and changes in taste (p = 0.001) compared to men. Patients under curative treatment were more likely to expect weight loss (p = 0.02) and lack of appetite (p = 0.01) compared to patients with palliative treatment intent.ConclusionIn conclusion, cancer patients were satisfied with the patient-doctor communication. This prospective study aggregated patients’ concerns on side effects and the perception of therapeutic goals in therapy-naïve patients. Of note, the majority of patients treated in the palliative setting expected their treatment to cure the disease.

Hydration-induced reversible deformation of biological materials

The influx and efflux of water in biological structures actuates reversible deformation and recovery processes that are crucial for mechanical functions in plants and animals. These processes utilize various mechanochemical mechanisms: swelling directed by the arrangement of cellulosic microfibrils in a bilayer construct, which generates different deformation patterns; lignification gradients; hierarchical foam-like inner structures, some of which also include swelling by hygroscopic cellulose inner cell layer; turgor pressure, which is activated by osmosis and acts at the cellular level, generating reversible motions. In this Review, we present representatives of each of these four mechanisms: pine cones, wheat awns, the twisted opening of Bauhinia pods and the seed of the stork’s bill; the resurrection plant; ice plant seed capsules and carrotwood seed pod; the wilting and redressing of plant stems. Natural polymeric materials produced by animals can also exhibit hydration-driven shape and strength recovery: bird feathers and hair are prime examples. Spider silk — a non-keratinous biopolymer — also exhibits humidity-driven reversible deformation. After describing these animal-based mechanisms, we outline bioinspired applications to actuate multifunctional and biocompatible smart materials, and indicate future directions of research with potential for new bioinspired designs. The influx and efflux of water in biological structures leads to reversible deformation, which has important functions in plants (for example, in seed protection and dispersal) and animals (for example, in the recovery of the strength and shape of feathers, and for reversible changes in silk and hair). Here the authors review the main hydration-induced deformation mechanisms and highlight applications inspired by these processes.

Awareness of menstrual symptoms and related problems among school girls in Kandy Municipal area: a descriptive study

<strong>Introduction: </strong>Menarche is the main milestone during puberty in girls and brings about important physical and psychological changes. Menstruation will be a novel experience for them and acclimatizing for it takes place during this age. Young adolescent girls could face several problems during this stage. Main objective of this research was to investigate some of the key problems in relation to menstruation. <strong> </strong> <strong>Methods: </strong>Girls between the ages of 14-16 were selected as the study group from eight schools in the Kandy Municipality area. Data regarding problems, difficulties, help seeking behavior and their knowledge of menstruation was collected via a questionnaire and was analyzed. <strong> </strong> <strong>Results: </strong>Response rate of the study was 88.6% (N=1064). 662 (62.2%) had irregular menstrual cycles, 255 (24%) regular cycles and 47 (13.8%) were not concerned. 435 (43.9%) had heavy menstrual flow and among them 72 (7%) had reported clots. 346 (37%) said that the school attendance was affected, while 344 (37.4%) and 541 (57.4%) responders mentioned that their academic performance and sports activities respectively, were affected. Increase of pimples was observed among 190 (19%) responders while a change in body hair and texture were observed by 130 (13%). 484 (50.1%) and 204 (20.8%) responders experienced anxiety and mood swings respectively. Impact on social activities was seen in 66 girls (6.7%). 890 (83.6%) had selected a friend as a discussant. <strong> </strong> <strong>Conclusion: </strong>Since there is a considerable number with issues related to menstruation, improved health care programs regarding menstruation should be done often for adolescents.

Multidirectional pattern of hair growth with carflizomib use for multiple myeloma

Extensive use of novel therapies for multiple myeloma has been accompanied by intriguing toxic side effects affecting various organs and organ systems. Although skin effects with some of these medications have been well-documented, hair changes are fairly rare. We report herein a unique case of a patient with myeloma who developed multidirectional pattern of scalp hair growth starting at 14 months into treatment with cafilzomib. This pattern of hair growth had not previously been described in the literature.Management and outcome: The patient had a near-complete response to caflizomib, and continues on this maintenance treatment regimen to the present day. There has not been any change in the unusual hair appearance and texture. A score of 5 on the Naranjo nomogram makes the causality relationship between carfilzomib use and the multidirectional hair growth probable. The mechanism by which carfilzomib causes this hair change remains to be elucidated.

A systematic review of antiandrogens and feminization in transgender women.

Antiandrogens are frequently used with estradiol in transgender women seeking feminization. Antiandrogens act by various mechanisms to decrease the production or effects of testosterone, but it is unclear which antiandrogen is most effective at feminization. A systematic review was performed using PRISMA guidelines. We searched online databases (Medline, Embase and PsycINFO) and references of relevant articles for studies of antiandrogens in transgender women aged 16+ years to achieve feminization (namely changes in breast size, body composition, facial or body hair) or changes in serum total testosterone concentration when compared to placebo, estradiol alone or an alternative antiandrogen. Four studies fulfilled eligibility criteria and were included in a narrative review. The addition of cyproterone acetate, leuprolide and medroxyprogesterone acetate may be more effective than spironolactone or estradiol alone at suppressing the serum total testosterone concentration. Body composition changes appear similar in transgender women treated with estradiol and additional cyproterone acetate or leuprolide. No eligible studies adequately evaluated the effects of antiandrogens on breast development or facial and body hair reduction. It remains unclear which antiandrogen is most effective at achieving feminization. Cyproterone acetate, medroxyprogesterone acetate and leuprolide may be more effective than spironolactone at suppressing the serum total testosterone concentration. However, due to spironolactone's antagonism of the androgen receptor, it is unclear whether this results in clinically meaningful differences in feminization. Further research with clinically meaningful endpoints is needed to optimize the use of antiandrogens in transgender women.

The influence of internalized racism on the relationship between discrimination and anxiety.

This study used 2 waves of data to longitudinally examine whether internalized racism moderated the association between racial discrimination and anxiety symptom distress. Participants were 157 Black college students attending a predominantly White institution who completed measures of racial discrimination, internalized racism, and psychological distress. Using hierarchical linear regression, results indicated a positive association between racial discrimination and subsequent anxiety symptom distress for individuals with moderate and high levels of internalization of negative stereotypes and hair change. Findings suggest that experiences of anxiety symptom distress, in the context of racial discrimination, may differ as a function of one's acceptance and internalization of dominant White culture's actions and beliefs toward Black people. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

Prospective observational study of chemotherapy-induced alopecia after sequential FEC + taxane and the effects of age in breast cancer patients.

Chemotherapy-induced alopecia (CIA) is a common and quite distressing adverse effects of chemotherapy. There are few detailed observational studies of CIA or of the impact of age on CIA. We performed a prospective observational study to investigate the prevalence and degree of CIA, including CIA of eyebrows, eyelashes, and body, and we examined patient's recovery from CIA, focusing on age-depending effects. We analyzed 68 female Japanese patients with breast cancer (median age 53years, range 29-76 years) who received perioperative adjuvant chemotherapy with fluorouracil/epirubicin/cyclophosphamide (FEC) and taxane. A questionnaire was administered at the point of chemotherapy completion and 6 and 12months after chemotherapy completion. CIA occurred in all patients, with severe hair loss irrespective of age. CIA occurred mainly in the scalp but also in the eyebrows, eyelashes, and body for most of the patients. There were significant associations between the patient's age and the onset of hair regrowth in the eyebrows, eyelashes, and body. The onset of eyebrows, eyelash, and body hair growth were significantly shorter in the premenopausal patients. Any hair changes (e.g., thinned diameter, softer texture, curlier structure) were reported by 85.3% of the patients. Severe CIA occurred in all 68 patients who received FEC and taxane chemotherapy. The present findings provide the first data demonstrating that age was not associated with the degree or incidence of hair loss, but age affected the recovery from CIA. These results contribute more accurate information provision and insights regarding the proper treatment of CIA.

Analysis of epidemiological change of hair colored Acer palmatum Leaves extract as hair treatment product

Analysis of epidemiological change of hair colored Acer palmatum Leaves extract as hair treatment product

Multiple Feature Dependency Detection for Deep Learning Technology—Smart Pet Surveillance System Implementation

Image identification, machine learning and deep learning technologies have been applied in various fields. However, the application of image identification currently focuses on object detection and identification in order to determine a single momentary picture. This paper not only proposes multiple feature dependency detection to identify key parts of pets (mouth and tail) but also combines the meaning of the pet’s bark (growl and cry) to identify the pet’s mood and state. Therefore, it is necessary to consider changes of pet hair and ages. To this end, we add an automatic optimization identification module subsystem to respond to changes of pet hair and ages in real time. After successfully identifying images of featured parts each time, our system captures images of the identified featured parts and stores them as effective samples for subsequent training and improving the identification ability of the system. When the identification result is transmitted to the owner each time, the owner can get the current mood and state of the pet in real time. According to the experimental results, our system can use a faster R-CNN model to improve 27.47%, 68.17% and 26.23% accuracy of traditional image identification in the mood of happy, angry and sad respectively.

Reprint of: The effects of decomposition and environment on antemortem H-Pb-Sr isotope compositions and degradation of human scalp hair: Actualistic taphonomic observations

Multi-isotope analysis (e.g., Sr-Pb-O-H-C-N) of human scalp hair is routinely used in forensic investigations of human remains to constrain the geographic origin of unidentified bodies, and to investigate antemortem mobility patterns. However, while it is known that postmortem processes can affect the preservation of, or even overprint, the biogenic isotopic signatures in hair, the speed and nature of these processes have rarely been studied. This study investigates the effects of decomposition and environment on the H-Pb-Sr isotope compositions of human hair as well as the relationship between structural hair shaft degradation and isotopic signature change over time. Human scalp hair samples from four body donations were collected at different stages throughout gross body decomposition. The willed-donated bodies were placed to decompose outdoors at the Forensic Anthropology Research Facility (FARF) at Texas State University. Hair fibres from two of the donations were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high-resolution light microscopy (HRLM). Chemical and microbiological degradation of hair fibres occurred rapidly after placement of the body outdoors. Measurements of scalp hair isotopic composition demonstrated that H-Pb-Sr isotope ratios were altered within days after environmental exposure, presumably by deposition, leaching and/or exchange with the local bioavailable soil, and vapour. The degree of physical hair degradation and changes in H-Pb-Sr isotope composition were not correlated. We conclude that antemortem isotopic H-Pb-Sr isotope ratios are difficult to recover in hairs derived from decomposing whole bodies.

A study on the Morphological Changes of Hair after Treatment with Neutral Oxidative Dyeing Agent

A study on the Morphological Changes of Hair after Treatment with Neutral Oxidative Dyeing Agent