Hahoe Village Research Articles

지역 문화자원으로서 불놀이의 의미와 지역민의 인식 연구

The purpose of this study is to examine how Seonyujulbul-nori in Hahoe village is perceived by local residents as a local cultural resource. The research method used was a qualitative research method targeting local residents who had experience watching the Seonyujulbul-nori in Hahoe village. As a result of the study, it was found that the classes that enjoy culture are also becoming more diverse. Second, the play formed based on history could be connected to the interest in traditional culture. Third, it can restore the values of the region and community and create a place where local residents can empathize. Fourth, it was found that the form of the space that contained the memory was maintained and that the locality of culture was created there through the memory of history. Lastly, it was found that through continuous use, it can be used as a resource for creating an environment in harmony with local residents and for local identity. Based on the results of this study, we hope to be able to study a virtuous cycle model that preserves and utilizes local cultural resources from the perspective of sustainability in the future.

Reconciling the Conservation of Cultural Heritage with Rural Development

Reconciling the Conservation of Cultural Heritage with Rural Development

Tradition as Strategy: An Analytic Narrative of Hahoe Village's Transition to Modernity

Tradition as Strategy: An Analytic Narrative of Hahoe Village's Transition to Modernity

공공언어로서의 문화재 안내 자료 분석 및 개선 방향 연구

The purpose of this study is to analyze the cultural heritage guide data, which can be said to be a representative type of public language from the perspective of immigrants living in Korea, to clarify problems, and to suggest improvement directions so that they can efficiently understand the information of cultural assets through public language. The cultural heritage guide material is a guide material for immigrants to understand the culture and values of Korea, and has useful value as an actual educational material. In particular, cultural heritage information materials have the characteristics of a public language that conveys Korean history and cultural facts at tourist attractions. To this end, data on Hahoe Village, Confucian academy(Seowon: Byeongsanseowon, Dosanseowon), and Manhyujeong were collected and analyzed among the representative cultural heritages of the Andong region to communicate the official language of foreign migrants. Information materials were used as research subjects for information, guidebooks, and video-produced content materials that can be used as real education materials. Problem analysis derived problems at the level of language regulation, vocabulary level, information level, and culture level based on accuracy and communication from the perspective of immigrants. As a result of the analysis, in terms of accuracy, there are many misrepresentations of the language regulations, and vocabulary grades are also difficult to understand due to the high-level vocabulary. It was confirmed that there was also a problem with the degree of communication in the level of information and culture. In the future, the direction of public language should be renewed by expanding immigrants to members of society, and in order to communicate and coexist with them, cultural heritage guidance materials should be carefully reviewed in terms of accuracy and communication and continuously improved.

민속마을 보존정비 가이드라인 설정에 관한 연구 - 제주 성읍마을의 문화재구역 내 가옥을 중심으로 -

Among Korea's national folk cultural heritage, eight villages have been designated, and 37 years have passed since Hahoe Village was first designated in 1984. All eight villages have been constantly inhabited by residents from the past to the present, so the cultural value of inferring the lives of our ancestors in the past is very high. However, due to the inconvenience of the settlement environment in existing houses due to changes in the living environment, buildings such as various residential facilities and warehouses have been installed and expanded without permission, losing the original cultural property landscape and building. In addition, complaints and conflicts from residents are accumulating due to the poor living environment in the village. Therefore, this study intends to present guidelines for conservation and maintenance that can embrace changes in resident's housing and living environment, based on the 'maintenance of original form', the grand principle of the Cultural Properties Protection Law about the Jeju Seongeup Village. In particular, the maintenance plan is largely subdivided into legalization, demolition, expansion and reconstruction, and detailed standards for each item and examples applied are proposed. Through this, it aims to become basic data on the starting point of realistic improvement measures for cultural properties and residents to coexist.

First Report of Anthracnose of Gossypium indicum Caused by Colletotrichum theobromicola in Korea.

In September 2020, typical anthracnose symptoms were observed on cotton (Gossypium indicum Lam.) leaves growing in Hahoe village, Andong, Gyeongbuk Province, Korea. The leaves of the infected plants initially showed spots with halo-lesions which became enlarged and spread to the entire leaf surface area. The infected leaves later became yellowish and chlorotic (Fig. 1A). The disease incidence was at least 90% in the field. For pathogen isolation, fresh samples collected from symptomatic leaves were cut into small pieces (4 to 5 mm2), surface-sterilized in 1% sodium hypochlorite for 1 min, rinsed three times, and macerated in sterile distilled water (SDW). They were spread onto potato dextrose agar (PDA) plates and incubated at 25 °C for 5 days under a 12-h photoperiod. Five isolates were recovered from the infected leaves. Purified fungal colonies were initially white, later turned yellow on PDA medium. Conidia were yellow-colored, smooth-walled, aseptate, straight or slightly distorted, and cylindrical with one end slightly acute or with broadly rounded ends, and with size ranges from 15.3 to 17.5 µm (length) × 4.5 to 5.2 µm (width) (Fig. 1B). The morphological characteristics of the present isolates were consistent with those of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Weir et al. 2012). A single isolate, ANUK97, was selected for identification. The multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) of the actin (ACT), calmodulin (CAL), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA, and β-tubulin (Tub2) were amplified by PCR with the primer pairs of ACT-521F/ACT-783R, CL1C/CL2C, GDF/GDR, ITS1/ITS4, and T1/T2, respectively (White et al. 1990). The resulting sequences were deposited in GenBank under accession numbers MW580367 (ACT), MW580368 (CAL), MW580369 (GAPDH), MW580370 (ITS), and MW580371 (TUB2). A nucleotide BLAST search revealed that ACT, CAL, GAPDH, ITS, and TUB2 sequences be 99% similar to accession numbers MN307380.1, MH155176.1, MK796226.1, MW580370.1, and JX010377.1, respectively of C. theobromicola. Maximum likelihood (ML) phylogenetic analysis was conducted based on a combined dataset of ACT, CAL, GAPDH, ITS, and TUB2 sequences using MEGA-X 10.1.8. The isolate ANUK97 was clustered with a representative strain C. theobromicola CBS124945 100% bootstrap support (Fig. 2). For the pathogenicity test, two-month-old cotton seedlings (n = 10) were inoculated with conidial suspensions (10⁶ spore/mL) of C. theobromicola obtained from 7-day-old PDA cultures at 25 °C by spray method. Seedlings treated with sterile distilled water served as controls. Inoculated and control cotton plants were incubated in the greenhouse at 25 °C under a 12-h photoperiod. After 7 days, necrotic lesions were observed on the artificially inoculated cotton plants, while control plants did not develop any disease symptoms. The pathogen was re-isolated from infected cotton leaves, but not from control plants to fulfill Koch’s postulates. To our knowledge, this is the first report of anthracnose of cotton caused by Colletotrichum theobromicola in Korea.

Examining the Management and Utilization Policy of Cultural Landscapes in Village Settings: A Case Study of Hahoe Village in South Kore

Examining the Management and Utilization Policy of Cultural Landscapes in Village Settings: A Case Study of Hahoe Village in South Kore

OPTIONS FOR PRESERVATION OF VILLAGE SPACE IN BAC NINH’S CENTRAL URBAN AREA (WITH REFERENCE TO THE PRESERVATION MODEL OF HAHOE VILLAGE IN KOREA)

Using part of data of the study "Preserving village space in the Bac Ninh’s central urban area" conducted by Bac Ninh Institute of Planning and Architecture and other available data sources from books, newspapers, magazines, Internet, combined with many reseach methods such as the percentage analysis method, the comparative method, this article focuses on three issues: (1) Current situation of villages in the central urban area of ​​Bac Ninh province today, (2) Contents to be preserved in villages in the central urban area of ​​Bac Ninh province, (3) Conservation methods of Korea’s Hahoe village and experience for Bac Ninh. Some of the main results obtained from this study are as follows. Firstly, most of the villages in the Bac Ninh’s central urban area still retain clear traditional village forms. Secondly, the main contents that need to be preserved in villages include: natural landscape, cultural characteristics, public works and ancient architectural works. Thirdly, it is possible to flexibly apply Korea’s village conservation models such as preserving and restoring the status quo of traditional residential architectural landscape as well as community living space, promoting the design of practical experience programs that engage both local people and tourists, maximizing the autonomy of the Association for Conservation of Traditional Villages established and managed by the local people.

Tourism Impacts Continuity of World Heritage List Inscription and Sustainable Management of Hahoe Village, Korea: A Case Study of Changes in Tourist Perceptions

This study examines the World Heritage List inscription’s tourism impact continuity through Hahoe Village’s tourists’ perception changes between 2014 and 2018, and it tries to verify the direction of future management and development plans for a sustainable community. Of all the perceptions verified in this study, two noteworthy issues, such as (1) World Heritage as a tourists’ brand and (2) future management of Hahoe Village as a World Heritage Site for maintaining brand equity, are discussed. In conclusion, the title “World Heritage” has excelled in its role as a tourism brand. Based on this role, the immediate outburst of tourism after the World Heritage List inscription affected Hahoe Village. However, even though the title World Heritage is a powerful brand that has great effect on the tourism industry, it still needs appropriate management to maintain brand equity. In the case of World Heritage, the target object of management is located at a trade-off point of interests between preserving heritage value and improving service convenience for tourists.

The role and dimensions of authenticity in heritage tourism

This study set out to investigate how authenticity affects tourist satisfaction with, and loyalty to, an attraction and its heritage value. Different factors were seen as likely to influence the various types of loyalty. Hahoe village in South Korea, a World Cultural Heritage listed area, was chosen as the research site. A survey of tourists was conducted, and 535 responses obtained for statistical analysis. The study discovered that tourist satisfaction from experiencing constructive and existential authenticity is a strong indicator of their intention to revisit. The results of this study can be applied to heritage tourism management, with the insightful message that constructive authenticity can strongly contribute to the satisfaction of heritage tourists when intangible tourism resources become tangible.

정주형 생활유산 관광자의 정서적 이미지 포지셔닝 : 북촌한옥마을, 안동하회마을, 외암민속마을, 전주한옥마을을 대상으로

본 연구는 정주형 생활유산 관광자의 정서적 이미지 분석을 주요 연구목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 북촌한옥마을, 안동하회마을, 외암민속마을, 전주한옥마을의 4개소를 연구대상지로 선정하였다. 본 연구는 연구대상지를 실제 방문한 관광객들을 대상으로 설문조사를 진행하였으며, 404명의 유효한 관광자들의 정서적 이미지를 분석하였다. 또한 본 연구는 다차원척도법의 PROXSCAL 모형과 어의구별척을 이용하여 정서적 이미지에 대한 포지셔닝맵을 도출하였다. 주요 연구결과, 4개소의 정주형 생활유산의 주요 정서적 이미지는 ‘아름다운’, ‘전통적인’, ‘매력적인’ 이미지로 나타났으며, 4개 대상지별로 정서적 이미지가 다소 차이가 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 이러한 연구결과는 정주형 생활유산의 문화관광 수요를 창출하는 전략개발에 활용될 수 있고, 궁극적으로 이들 대상지가 사회문화적으로 지속가능한 관광개발을 추진하는데 있어 기여할 수 있을 것이다.

Study on the relationship between Cross-Cultural awareness, authenticity, tourism experience and tourism satisfaction of Chinese tourists

The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between Cross-Cultural Awareness, authenticity, tourist experience, and tourist satisfaction, and to suggest ways to revitalize the tourism of world cultural heritage. The questionnaire was conducted for about 15 days including two weekends from September 10, 2016 to September 18, 2016 for Chinese visitors who visited to Hahoe Village, and 333 copies were used for the final analysis. The results are as follows: Firstly, Objective authenticity has a positive effect on tourist experience. (.817). Secondly, Constructive authenticity has a negative effect on tourist experience. (-.307). Thirdly, Existential authenticity has a positive effect on tourist experience (.385). Fourthly, objective authenticity has a positive effect on tourist satisfaction (.982). Fifthly, Constructive authenticity is not statistically significant for tourist satisfaction. Sixthly, Existential authenticity is not statistically significant for tourist satisfaction. The implications of this research result are the preservation of Hahoe Village and the development of programs to increase the satisfaction level of tourists.

Improving the Water Level Prediction of Multi-Layer Perceptron with a Modified Error Function

Of the total economic loss caused by disasters, 40% are due to floods and floods have a severe impact on human health and life. So, it is important to monitor the water level of a river and to issue a flood warning during unfavorable circumstances. In this paper, we propose a modified error function to improve a hydrological modeling using a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) neural network. When MLP’s are trained to minimize the conventional mean-squared error function, the prediction performance is poor because MLP’s are highly tunned to training data. Our goal is achieved by preventing overspecialization to training data, which is the main reason for performance degradation for rare or test data. Based on the modified error function, an MLP is trained to predict the water level with rainfall data at upper reaches. Through simulations to predict the water level of Nakdong River near a UNESCO World Heritage Site “Hahoe Village,” we verified that the prediction performance of MLP with the modified error function is superior to that with the conventional mean-squared error function, especially maximum error of 40.85㎝ vs. 55.51㎝.

Hydrological Modelling of Water Level near "Hahoe Village" Based on Multi-Layer Perceptron

"Hahoe Village" in Andong region is an UNESCO World Heritage Site. It should be protected against various disasters such as fire, flooding, earthquake, etc. Among these disasters, flooding has drastic impact on the lives and properties in a wide area. Since "Hahoe Village" is adjacent to Nakdong River, it is important to monitor the water level near the village. In this paper, we developed a hydrological modelling using multi-layer perceptron (MLP) to predict the water level of Nakdong River near "Hahoe Village". To develop the prediction model, error back-propagation (EBP) algorithm was used to train the MLP with water level data near the village and rainfall data at the upper reaches of the village. After training with data in 2012 and 2013, we verified the prediction performance of MLP with untrained data in 2014.

World Heritage Site Designation Impacts on a Historic Village: A Case Study on Residents’ Perceptions of Hahoe Village (Korea)

This study examines the relationship between World Heritage Site (WHS) designation and the community sustainability of a historic village, focusing on Hahoe Village, Korea, which was inscribed in 2010. It examines residents’ perceptions of increasing tourism at Hahoe Village by adopting a questionnaire and using an interview as research methods. This study examined both the positive and negative impacts that Hahoe Village’s WHS designation has had on its sustainability. Of all of the impacts examined in this research, the three most noteworthy issues are identified: (1) the acceleration of the change of the village’s industrial base and the influx of strangers; (2) the degradation of quality of life (in the physical aspects) caused by increasing tourism; and (3) the collision predicated by the tension between conserving the village’s historic environments and developing tourism. In conclusion, the WHS designation impacts on Hahoe Village, which local residents perceived, have both positive and negative aspects. WHS designation needs to be accompanied by a management plan that is more concerned about the impact from tourism after the designation. In this context, Hahoe Village must not only have a comprehensive preservation plan that balances with the demand for tourism development, but also secure the village’s community sustainability as a living place other than a tourist destination.

역사마을 초가집 화재위험성 평가를 위한 지붕재료 실험분석

역사마을인 한국의 하회 양동 마을은 볏짚지붕으로 된 초가집으로 구성되어 있고 일본의 역사마을인 시라가와고 또한 억새 지붕의 초가집이 존재하고 있다. 지붕재료의 연소특성은 역사마을에서 화재안전 확보를 위하여 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 착화시간(TTI), 유효연소열(Effective Heat of Combustion, EHC), 열방출율(Heat Release Rate, HRR), 총열방출율(Total Heat Release, THR), 질량손실율(Mass Loss Rate, MLR) 등을 콘 칼로리미터(ISO 5660-1)를 이용하여 측정하여 화재위험성을 평가하였다. 역사마을의 건물과 구조의 화재특성을 예측하는데 볏짚과 억새의 연소 데이터베이스가 이용될 수 있다. 연구결과, 초가지붕의 두 재료 중에서 억새가 볏짚보다 열적 위험성이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 초가집 전체 연소시 최소 약 5.68 m 반경 이내의 초가집은 화재확산 가능성이 있는 것으로 평가되었다. Hahoe Village and Yangdong Village in Korea have straw-roofed houses and Shirakawa-go in Japan has silver grass-roofed houses. Combustion characteristics of these roof materials need to be identified in order to enhance fire safety in historical villages. This study used cone calorimeter (ISO 5660-1) and Flammability tester to measure combustion characteristics of thatched-roof materials to analysis hazard assessment in two historical villages. It also analyzed Time to Ignition (TTI), Effective Heat of Combustion (EHC), Heat Release Rate (HRR), Total Heat Release (THR), Mass Loss Rate (MLR) and ignition temperature. Database on combustion characteristics of straw (Oryza sativa) and silver grass (Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens) will be used to predict fire property of buildings and structures in historical villages. From the result, combustion data shown that Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens has high value than Oryza sativa for fire danger. Straw-roofed houses can be spread where is located within radius 5.68 m from straw-roofed house fires.

A rethink of the incentives programme in the conservation of South Korea’s historic villages

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to address the overarching question, which was whether the incentives programmes formulated for the community have been found to be suitable to the aspirations and needs of the local residents. Design/methodology/approach – This study has resulted from the authors’ experience through conducting a survey with the local residents in three locations, namely the Bukchon Hanok Village located at Seoul metropolitan city; the Hahoe Village, Angdong and the Yangdong Village, Gyeongju; both the latter are located towards the west of the Korean peninsula in the Gyeongbuk-do Province. This study has hopefully tried to analyse the residents’ perception of the effectiveness of the current incentives policy by using the Bennett’s programme evaluation method. Findings – Results show that there was a divergent direction between the current incentives policy and the local aspirations between sites. In most cases, the cultural heritage conservation has been found to be a catalyst to fulfil a heritage tourism advantage rather than to cater to the local community needs. Originality/value – The paper is the first insightful study of the historic villages which attempts to draw out the importance of the effectiveness of the incentives programme in guiding the conservation efforts for the local economic development.

Design of an Integrated Monitoring System for Constructional Structures Based on Mobile Cloud in Traditional Towns with Local Heritage

Sensors, equipment, ICT facilities and their corresponding software have a relatively short lifetime relative to that of constructional structure, so these devices have to be continuously fixed or exchanged during maintenance and management. Furthermore, software or analysis tools should be periodically upgraded according to advances in ICT and analysis technology. Conventional monitoring systems have serious problems in that it is difficult for site engineers to modify or upgrade hardware and analysis algorithms. Moreover, we depend on the original system developer when we want to modify or upgrade inner program structures. In this paper, we propose a novel design for integrated maintenance and management of a monitoring system by applying the mobile cloud concept. The system is intended for use in disaster prevention of constructional structures, including bridges, tunnels, and in traditional buildings in a local heritage village, we analyze the status of these structures over a long term or a short-term period as well as in disaster situations. Data are collected over a mobile cloud and future expectations are analyzed according to probabilistic and statistical techniques. We implement our integrated monitoring system to solve the existing problems mentioned above. The final goal of this study is to design and implement a monitoring system for more than 10,000 structures spread within Korea. Furthermore, we can specifically apply the monitoring system presented here to a bridge made from timber in Asan Oeam Village and a traditional house in Andong Hahoe Village to monitor for possible disasters. The entire system design and implementation can be developed on the LinkSaaS platform and the monitoring services can also be implemented on the platform. We prove that the proposed system has good performance by performing a TTA authentication test, web accommodation test, and operation test using emulated data.

Effect of Floods on Village Spatial Structure and Hierarchy – Hahoe Village, Korea

The development of the spatial structure of a traditional Korean village and its social hierarchy is analysed using a river engineering approach to determine the relevance of river flooding and examine how floods have transformed the landscape around the village. The subject focuses on the village of Hahoe, which was registered as a World Heritage Site in August 2010 for its well-preserved traditional architecture and beautiful natural landscape. The village is located on a small plain surrounded by mountains and within a loop of the serpentine Nakdong River. As a riverside village surrounded by water on three sides, its development is assumed to have been influenced by flooding, but no study has previously investigated the correlation between village development and inundations.

산불재해로 인한 열유속 영향평가 및 위험지도 구축 -양동마을을 대상으로-

Yangdong Village in Gyeongju was registered as a World Heritage site in 2010, along with Hahoe Village in Andong. Most houses in Yangdong Village are timber framed houses with thatched roofs that are not fire resistant; they are thus exposed to the risk of fires. It is especially the case because they are near forests and could be affected by forest fires. The study examined the effect of the heat flux on the houses in Yangdong Village as a result of forest fires to evaluate to what degree of risk they are exposed to. After distinguished the tree species of major structural components of wooden buildings. This was done by getting the precise location information on the houses in Yangdong Village with the GIS analysis, collating the information on the construction materials and conducting the numerical analysis on heat flux in case of forest fires. The results showed as follows: around 10% of the houses are directly exposed to the danger of forest fires and 5% of all the houses are expected to be subject to the indirect effects due to the proliferation of the initial forest fires. In conclusion, it was determined that appropriate and effective methods of forest fire prevention and fighting need to be sought, and they should be based on eliminating the possible fuels for forest fires that are nearby the fire-vulnerable houses, securing enough separation distances and installing waterproof facilities.